Mar. 15, 1922, Vol. Ill, No. 65

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Volume 3 WEDNESDAY, MARCH 15, 1522 Numbhb Bl

CONTENTS of the GOLDEN AGE

MANUFACTURING AND .MINING Chemistry of Iron.........,............        372

FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION

Boys and Business______________359 Some Thoughts on Money 368

POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

A'Boy Judge........................353 Forty-Five Years of

Anarchy Deliberately           „ Dis-grare  

■m .                        laying t ho FidclUr   

Planned ............................361         Shivery in India

AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY

Mexican Lands

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

HOME AND HEALTH

Radium Eye-Glasses ____________368 Fm’diu.. tin- Baby .........

Care of Chilurcn ................<'hihi"(n's Diseases

Pure Air ..............................37ft A Valuable Homo Recipe....377

TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY

Boys and Wanderlust ........35(1 Conditions in England

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

Sweet Spices of the Bible....379

Holy 1 UTfumed <111 ____________379

Knowledge arid Ui,dersI 11i<l-ing Ibiuivalent to Wisdom 3*0 Wisdom and Foolishness....;;*0 Perfumed Garments ............3*1

I’er finned Beds ....................381

Package Religion Overboard 3*1 Scirnre I.' m! c ri i1 i j i i n g

aieisru ...... ...... ...3*2

Big Religion in Ausiraiia 3*'2 Studies in the Harp of God 363

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A Study

THESE animals are to be found everywhere.

They are closely related to the human family, and are accustomed to live in houses, the same as human beings. A man in Chicago has announced that it costs $5,500 to rear a boy to the age of twelve years, so that a boy is a considerable investment. And, bless his heart, the boy is worth it! Who would not pay $5,600 for a perfectly good boy of twelve years of age ? And who would not pay $5,499.98 for one that is not perfectly good, but is pretty nearly perfectly good! And most boys are that. James Whitcomb Riley has said that “there is no such thing as a bad boy, but some of them are better than others”; and this expresses our sentiihents exactly.

Boys and Climbing

HUMAN being looking at a boy cannot tell exactly what the boy will do next; but it is pretty safe to assert that if there is anything around that he can climb, it will not be long before he makes the attempt. The boy finds himself in a world that has all sorts of strange sights and experiences for the venturesome, and he cannot tell what possibilities await him unless he climbs and takes a look.

Max Rochester, a Brooklyn lad, was coming in from a swim and thought that he ought to poke his head in between two timbers, so that he could see what was back of thejn. After some effort he got his head through between the timbers, but his ears made his head like an umbrella, intended by nature to go much more easily in one direction than the other. He could see all the sand and water that was behind the timbers; there was nothing else to see; but he could not get his head out. Policemen were summoned and greased his head and neck, and then tried to pull him out by the legs. The ears Still stuck out, and Max did not wish to have

in Boys

them scraped off. Finally the firemen had to come with axes and chop him out. They got him out just as the tide was rising to a place where it would soon have drowned Max, ears and all. Max was inquisitive. There was nothing wrong in what he did. He merely wanted to know; and, poor kid, he found out.

Many a boy has lost his life climbing. A boy of nine, while playing “follow your master” narrowly escaped death, when he fell from the top of the retaining wall surrounding the excavation where the West Farms, New York, subway leaves the underground for the overhead structure, in the Bronx district. As it was, the lad’s skull was fractured. At the point where the boy fell there is but a short interval between trains, and had he fallen immediately in front of a train death would have been certain. A train was bearing down upon him at the time he fell, but the' motorman saw the boy fall, and stopped the train in time to pick him up, and have taken him to a hospital.

John Martin, a schoolboy of thirteen, was less fortunate, and had a very sad death. In a playful struggle with some schoolmates a nickel was knocked out of his hands and fell through a subway grating to the shelf below. John’s companions helped him to pry up the grating. He jumped down and began to feel around for his nickle. In the darkness he plunged headlong from the shelf and his cries were drowned by the roar of the express train below, which in a moment mangled his body almost beyond recognition.

The courts have taken official notice of the fact that boys have a tendency to climb, and that railway and other structures should be so designed as to make climbing unattractive if not" impossible. Little David Fruchter climbed to the top girder of a bridge which crosses the New Haven railroad tracks at 149th street, in the Bronx, to

' reach a pigeon which he saw there. He did not ^! reach the pigeon, but he did reach the high voltage wire which furnishes the driving power for :      the trains; and when his hand touched the wire

he was hurled to the floor of the bridge and his hand was so badly burned that it had to be '' amputated. The United States Circuit Court of Appeals has confirmed the decision of the lower court that the New Haven railroad must pay the boy $10,000 damages and his father $1,000 ' damages because it designed the structure in such a way as to lure boys to climb upon it. Corporations must take notice of the fact that . there are such things as boys.

Boys and Wanderlust

IT IS hard for a boy to be put into one place and to stay put. He is not sure but that there ' are advantages in some other location. He ‘ would like to see; he wishes to know; and his . curiosity makes him an explorer. However attractive it may be, the place where he is or where he has once been is never so interesting to him as the place where he has not been.

.         A six-year-old boy of Brooklyn takes the

inedal in this respect. In three years he has been y “lost” forty-three times. His father is so accustomed to receiving notifications from the police of Philadelphia, Bridgeport, Plainfield, and other points up to a hundred miles from ; New York, that whenever the boy gets “lost” ■ he just waits for the usual notice. His father ; - understands exactly how the boy comes by his • wanderlust, but he is still puzzled to know’ how the youngster gets the money to make the trips.

’       Probably the youngster is too small to ride the

j       brake beams, or the roof, or even the platform

i       of a blind baggage; but a youngster of six can

’        squeeze between the backs of two seats, turned

^: -      back to back, or into a closet which has inad-

-   - vertently been left unlocked.

’ ’        The editor of The Golden Age once knew a

U      boy, Frank McNair, of Nunda, N. Y., who visited

’       every state in the union and all the important

:•        cities, without paying a cent of railroad fare.

C       On one of his trips, in which he went to Calif or-

U      nia and return, he rode from Albuquerque to

Gallup, New Mexico, in the boiler of a station-(■- • ary engine that was on a flat car. On the return trip he rode from Pasco Junction, Washington, g       to Minneapolis, locked up in a tourist sleeper

_?      upper berth during the day, and riding the roof

„ at night. Discovered by the train crew when about two hundred miles out of Minneapolis, the passengers aboard, many of whom were highly enjoying his trip of three nights and two days in their company, and who had been feeding him out of their lunch baskets, raised a purse and paid his fare into Minneapolis. The passengers were as bad as Frank, and he was not a half-bad boy. The only trouble with him was that he was killed in a train wreck before he was old enough to have any sense. He rode the blind baggage once too often.

Sometimes the girls have wanderlust, too, and occasionally they have it with the boys. A girl in Asbury Park borrowed her father’s automobile and two boys of the neighborhood, and started out to see the world. They had no money with them, but they had a large box of candy. They got about a hundred miles away from home when the candy and gasoline gave out at the same time. They stepped into a garage to see what w’as wrong with their car; and the. garage owner telephoned to the girl’s father, who came and got them. Fathers are a very necessary nuisance in this world.

Two girls of Bath Beach, Brooklyn, concluded to leave home because one of them had played “hookey” away from school the day before and was afraid that she would be detected and punished; and the other was afraid she would find the examinations too hard to pass.

Two boy chums came to their rescue and gallantly offered to show them the world; at least, they would pilot them through the wilds of Manhattan and over to Jersey. This would be undertaking great risks; for the popular idea with myriads of New Yorkers is that but a little way beyond the Jersey ferries the natives are. dressed in breechcloths and spend most of their' time lighting with Indians and running away from wolves.

When they got to the Jersey ferries, the girls decided that there would be no fun in encountering the Indians and wolves and white savages unless the boys went along to protect them; and so, Eve-like, they tempted the boys to accompany them. The boys yielded, but only after the good old-fashioned test of flipping a coin.

Only one of the party had any money; this was Frances, and Frances manifested an. insatiable desire to spend the little all ($5.10) of the party’s means, upon eating as much as possible as soon as possible. Throughout a long day and night the little party trudged the roads of New

Hugh IB, 1622

Hersey, winding np the second morning at New Brunswick, 33 miles from New York. At this point Hungry Fanny, as she was now called, betrayed the party once more by eating up the last of her $5.10, and they left her to her fate., (When she got hungry again, she went to the police- station and told it all; and in a little while the boys and girls were all safely back home.

Boys and Ingenuity

OYS are not always doing foolish things.

Once in awhile one of them gets an idea that shames his elders. Such a boy was Russell V. Harkema of Seattle. Russell could not swim; and accordingly was at once placed in a most difficult position when, as he sat quietly fishing, he was startled by the screams of a woman and a girl floundering in deep water thirty feet off shore, and saw a man plunging in after them.

Russell grabbed a piece of log, bestrode it, kicked his way out to the woman and the girl, and accomplished their rescue. A little girl helped him to return to shore with his burden by shoving out another piece of log to him. By the time he had the women ashore the man who had tried to rescue them had drowned. Russell did not seem to think that he had done anything out of the ordinary. He said, when inquired of

as to how he came to do the thing which he did, that “it came natural”. The man who- could swim was drowned; the boy who could not swim saved two others besides himself.

Boys and Gangs

BOYS are like dogs; they travel in packs.

Bad dogs lead good dogs into mischief, sometimes; but the good dog cannot help it that he likes to travel with the gang. New York used to have what was called the Gas House Gang, which at one time made as much trouble for the police of New York as any one factor in the city. Lively, mischievous boys made lively, mischievous young men; but what was funny in the boy ceased to be funny in the young man. A pup is in a hard way when he gets his growth. While he is a little shaver everything he does is cute,

[but when he gets big everybody expects him to . act like an old dog ten times his age. It is the same way with a boy.

Finally the brilliant mind of E. H. Harriman ' found a way of breaking up the Gas House K? ’ "Gang. He organized the Boys’ Club of New York; the Gas House Gang were taken in as

357

charter members; suitable quarters were provided; and straightway the boys have become the best behaved boys in the city. It is reported that the percentage of juvenile delinquency among these boys is now the least in the city and that seventy-seven percent of them attend either day or night high school. The boys now have their own commodious building at Tenth Street and Avenue A, and the annual membership^ originally 300, is now 7,000. It is calculated that 250,000 boys have passed through this club since it was started. Why does not the Association-of-Nations “statesmen” build boys’ buildings instead of battleships?

The basic idea of the club is that if a boy is given healthful recreation he will not become dissipated. Hence the club is fitted with several complete gymnasiums, a dozen basket-ball courts, a fine swimming-pool, a wrestling and boxing room, and many other facilities for promoting athletics and education in all its branches. The club uses about three tons of soap in a year, a fact which speaks for itself. The club is designed to foster truthfulness and healthy ambition, as well as physical cleanliness.

The same club maintains at Jamesport, Long Island, the William Carey Camp, containing fifty acres, with twenty-eight buildings. This

camp takes care of 2,500 boys each summer, five regiments of five hundred each at two-week intervals.                        >

Boys and Crime

WE DO not like to write on the topic “Boys and Crime”. There are boys who do things they ought not to do; and for the safety of the community as a whole it is necessary that measures should be taken to restrain them until they learn to have a proper respect for the rights of others. But there is a vast amount of misinformation and, hypocrisy as to what constitutes a criminal.

A man kills a fellow man; he is a murderer. A thousand men go out and kill a thousand -of their fellow men; they are heroes. A man takes something that belongs to another; he is a thief. •

A nation takes the coal mines or other natural resources from another nation; it is patriotic. A man who lies about his fellow man is guilty, of slander. All the press of a country may engage in a shameless campaign of falsehood about an entire people; and who is there who dares say or intimate that their course is not perfectly right ? Let him say it in war-time and he goes to jail for his hardihood and presumption for telling the truth at an inopportune time.

The so-called criminal records reveal the fact that the high peak of crime is at the age of • seventeen years. In Kings County, New York, in 1919, sixty percent of the cases before the courts were of boys below 21 years of age; and in 1920, in the same district, the percentage was seventy-five. This merely means that in most instances crime is a natural result of immaturity of mind. These boys have done wrong not so much through malice as through mischief, inability to distinguish properly between liberty and license.

It is most unfortunate to have to send boys like that away to a professional school for criminal-making; for that is all that any prison is or can be. Among the Israelites there were no prisons; but there were cities to which a criminal might flee for safety, to shield him from death or attack at the hands of the friends of the one he had wronged.

John S. Kennedy, President of the New York State Commission of Prisons, says that seventy percent of the juvenile delinquents, male and female, between the ages of 16 and 30, placed under probation, and having served out a term of surveillance, are never heard of again. And many of those that are heard of would never be heard of were it not for the fact that some police officer, knowing of the one mistake, and eager to make a recoud for himself, made too strenuous an effort to fasten upon the unfortunate some new crime for which he was in no way responsible. This percentage proves that most bad boys are not bad boys and most bad girls are not bad girls. They are merely undeveloped men and women.

Mr. Kennedy in commenting on this subject says, in substance:

“Every student of criminology has learned almost at the outset of his studies that the most important single factor found associated with chronic criminalism is the abnormal [undeveloped—Ed.] mental condition of the criminal himself. Well-authenticated facts are at hand to indicate that at least fifty percent of the inmates of prisons and reformatories exhibit mental abnormalties and are in need of much more specialized treatment than is afforded by the ordinary routine methods employed in the average penal institutions; that from twenty-seven to thirty percent of such inmates are feebleminded and possess only the intelligence of the average American child of twelve years or under. But the number of bad boys is steadily decreasing, and flakes records of all institutions in which our commission Ms® interested already show that the crop of 1921-1932 will be agreeably less. The chief reason for this is because effort along intelligent lines is now being made to discover what may be the mental disease, deterioration, or feeble-mindedness before they are sent to prison.”

In similar vein, Willis Steele, writing iri file -v New York Herald, declares that there are fewet i bad boys now growing up in the country than-"-* has been the case at any time within tw^renty ~ years past. This is largely attributable to the " official classing of alcohol with other narcotic^ -drugs, and its prohibition by law.           " *

It must not be thought that because a boy has '-been noisy or boisterous, or has done something- -out of the ordinary, or has even been locked Up, he is therefore a bad boy. Two boys in Brooklyn ~ were locked up on the charge of disorderly con-duct because they had made some hand-' grenades, each containing several ounces of , powder, and had had a lot of fun hurling these '. against ash-cans in a vacant lot. Probably it was all very wrong to batter up some old dis-carded ash-cans and scare all the people in the ■'^;s neighborhood by making a lot of noise; but we cannot see it.

New York State has a law forbidding boys to be on the street after nine o ’clock at night unless. ; accompanied by adults. It is a good law and -I should be enforced. If boys get into mischief it is generally after that hour, when some crook or schemer may want them to hold the bag dr r in some way act as accomplice. Prisons and late hours on the street at night lead a boy into bad company. At night the boy’s place is by his own _ fireside, and it should be made so attractive to him that he will have more desire to be thera^ -than anywhere else in the world.

A Boy Judge                       ~

T? rank Laing, a level-headed lad of twelve.

years of age, has been appointed a judge over the boys in eight schools in one of the wild-;. est districts of Chicago. He is the truant office!'^ for the district, and besides upholding th&i? ma’csty of the law will try to use his position ttfV assist the boys and girls of the district t4L respect the ordinances of the city. This plan-J was devised by a teacher in one of the schodls. ; Judge Laino will be assisted in his work byjt police of the same age, connected with the differ-gs

ent schools.

•i

The Big Brother Movement

THE Big Brother Movement is almost wholly a personal one. Being a Big Brother merely consists in being an adult who makes a friend of some youngster needing advice and encouragement. Twice a week the Big Brother and his pal see each other, in their several homes. Often the boy whose parents are worse than none at all finds in the Big Brother the counsellor he needs.

The Big Brothers have a camp near Tuxedo, Called Camp Nehahe. Among the boys there was one lad who had been caught breaking into a Candy store, another who had stolen some pigeons, and another who had been a pickpocket. The ex-pickpocket is now carrying a bank-roll of several thousand dollars weekly, and no question arises in the minds of his employers about trusting him implicitly. The boy merely t needed guidance and advice.

$'■   • In connection with the Big Brother Move-

fe.      ment, take the life history of James Terry

r-      (White, a cripple of sixteen with an ambition,

j- (Although in most ways helpless he always * • thought he could organize a mail-order business; some one put him in touch with the Big Brother p. Movement. A busy man in New York had f written to Rowland Sheldon, Gen. Sec’y to the |     Big Brothers, and said that he would like very

i      much to help, but that he had only a limited

amount of time. A large part of the organiza-j tion is in fitting the right man to the right boy. & Here was what seemed like an ideal combination.

James White lived out of town. The busy man **“     could at least find time to write him occasionally

|      and this he did. He encouraged the lad to under-

take his mail-order business, loaned him money, , bought him printing presses and gave him advice. The first year the little magazine order-. house made only a scant profit. Today, at twenty-one, White has one of the largest businesses of its kind in the country, making a profit of something like $2,000 a week.

Cruelties- to Boys

WHY anybody should want to abuse a boy is hard to understand, but many of the little fellows have some very hard experiences. In London a tradesman, for some unknown reason, put a split pea into the ear of a boy, necessitating a painful operation for its removal. The court allowed the boy £150 and his father £15 (damages.

A case was brought to the attention of the Children’s Society where a ten-year-old lad was disrobed by his father and his stepmother and tied with ropes to the kitchen wall four days and three nights, meantime being fed on bread and water. While both fiends were out the boy cried for help, and a little girl came and fed him bread and milk; but the boy did not dare ask to be untied because of the worse fate that would befall him when the devils returned that had him in charge. Twelve hours later the parents quarreled, and the father freed the boy.

On the outskirts of Detroit little Max Ernest was found whipped, beatep, and strangled to death by a woman whose furniture had been mortgaged to Max’s papa, and who wanted revenge and took it out on a helpless baby boy.

Friends of the Boys

IF BOYS have their enemies they have their friends, too. Almost any man can remember when he was a boy; and if he is half a man he will make use of his knowledge when a boy’s interests are at stake. Occasionally some of our magistrates do some very fine things for the boys.

In New York a newsboy, Irving Sloan, was arrested charged with “making an unusual and improper noise to the inconvenience of pedestrians at Broadway and Thirty-fourth Street”, his offense being that he cried his wares. The magistrate, Judge McQuade, dismissed the case, declaring that newsboys are a public benefit instead of a nuisance, that the case was ridiculous, and that he did not wish any further cases of the kind brought before him.

At the time of his death the father was earning $30,000 per year.

Henry Yoost, Jr., three years old, was awarded $20,000 against the Third Avenue Railway Company, for the loss of his left eye, sustained by hot steel being thrown into his face by a railboring machine.

Boys and Business

THE newsboy of today is the salesman of tomorrow; the office boy of today is the business manager of tomorrow. A newsboy is en-

titled to all the respect due to any man in business for himself. He makes his own living, charges only a fair price for his wares, and asks no favors. He is one of the most picturesque features of city life. It is greatly to be deplored that his social environment is so wretched. Statistics show that more boys in this business have venereal diseases than in any other.

The newsboy who keeps clean and honest is in a business which brings him in touch with the public and makes him a good judge of human nature. In a sense the newsboy of today fulfills the functions of the town crier of old, who went around ringing a bell and announcing the news of the day. Selling newspapers requires deft fingers and a nimble mind in calculating change and serving a half-dozen customers at Some of America’s greatest business men been newsboys in their youth.

It is characteristically American to growing boys greet business callers and them with the indifferent civilities of youth, whereas in Europe men of settled habits and discretion are always chosen for that duty. Complaint has been made about the American office boy that he views all visitors with suspicion and subjects those who are strangers to him to a treatment calculated to wound their sensibilities and to make them have an unfavorable impression of the man within. Girls have more tact than

boys, and are coining int® more general use^ur^ these positions.

Placing homeless boys in the navy and armjJ' has been one of the conspicuous activities of the^ Children’s Aid Society, according to their an- f; nual report. In 1920 Superintendent Butches "J arranged for the enlistment of 2,221 boys. For ' most of these he became legal guardian in the Surrogate’s Court until they should become o£ ' age.                                                       ’ t

A Boy Prodigy

TIdwakd Rochie Habdy, Jr., of Columbia Uni* A versity, is twelve years of age and speaks twelve languages. He reads Babylonian tablets, -and plans shortly to take up Chinese, expecting . some day to be a missionary to China. He is an ' expert swimmer, keeps a keen eye on batting " averages, and knows something about boxing. He began school life at three and graduated from high school at eleven. His father and his ' mother are both college graduates, and his" father is a college professor.

A few years ago a boy prodigy much in the public eye was William Boris Sidis,- first at Tufts College and then at Harvard University, ■ 3 who at the same age as young Hardy was also ‘ proficient in several languages and a very as* complished mathematician and logician. ; ‘

As to Being Promoted

WHEN a man has proven to his boss that he has an understudy that can take his place, the honest and efficient employer knows that here is a man whom he can promote without injury to the business, a man who is alive to the interests of the business, and who expects promotion. Everything argues in his behalf.

When a man has proven to his boss that the boss cannot get along without him in the particular position which he then occupies, and that nobody else could possibly occupy that position as well as himself, at that moment that employe’s chances of promotion are forever gone. Everything argues against disturbing the business by promoting him.

Every department head who is of any real benefit to the business has his work so organized that in case of an emergency every person in it could be moved a step forward. Every department head who is of any benefit to a business makes it his concern to aid any person in his department who expresses a wish to learn some branch of the business. It is his way up, and it is their way up. It is the legitimate concern of the head of every department to become oa-quainted with the ability, industry, adaptability, attendance, and accident records of every man under him.

Some concerns use the three-position system. Each man must know his own duties, and those of the two positions above him. But if he does not desire promotion this is not required, but' his subordinates will be promoted past him.

It is the concern of every executive of a large business to see that the department heads of the business are trained to take up other duties if an emergency arises calling for their use. Au executive who tries to keep all the details of

his business in his own mind, and to trust no

one, has a peanut mind and will always have a peanut business. A subordinate who strives to keep his job safe for himself by keeping the details of his work secret should never be promoted; and if already in an important position he should be changed to a place where he can be of less harm to the business.

A department head’s value to a business can be well determined by the smoothness with which his department runs when he is sick. If it runs well he is probably a capable man. If nobody knows how to do anything in his absence, and if his desk is jammed with unfinished work, the status of which no one but himself knows, he is a liability to his employers, not an asset.

One, of the best times to find out what is in subordinates is to give them a temporary promotion when the man above is sick or is absent for some other reason. It is a great encouragement to the man thus honored and is much better for the business. It is very discouraging for a department head, who already has much to do,

to have to take up the work of some other department head who is ill or absent.

i How to Get Promoted

r. rpiIE man who aspires to promotion because

J- of his desire to rule over his fellow men is ’ a' detriment to society and one of the greatest i. - drawbacks to the brotherly interest of man in his fellow man. The men whose memories are z most loved are those men who have tried to S, serve others rather than to rule them. “The Son ‘ of man came not to be ministered unto [to be . served], but to minister [serve |.” Yet it is quite proper for a man to have a healthy ambition f to make the most of his opportunities.

fs Many officials hold their positions in the world > entirely by bluff. Not infrequently they do not understand well the duties of the work assigned 8L to them, but are able to maintain a hold upon ' superior men and constantly rise above them, £ and by their efforts, because they happen to be $ ready of speech and pleasant of manner in the [y place where it counts.

I¹ How is a subordinate working under such a man to get promoted? How is he to depend on ||f ' promotion, when, as is estimated, not fifty perE cent of the officials in the country can be trusted to deal fairly in the promotion of the men below I..' them?

The answer is difficult, but there is a way. The employe should always set before his mind the fact that the business is his business and its interests his interests; he should know that improvement is the order of the day, and he should use his brains to see how the work in his department could be improved. And when he has a suggestion that he thinks is worthy of adoption he should contrive to get that suggestion directly into the hands of his employer and to let is be known from whom it comes. This is liable to make trouble with his immediate superior; but it is not so liable to do so after the second, or third, or fourth suggestion has been made, because his value is appreciated higher up and the subordinate official does not dare discharge him.                             .

The reason why the suggestions should at first be confined to the things in one’s own department is so that the employer will not get the idea that "here is somebody who thinks that he knows more about how to run my business than I do myself’.

There are always plenty of improvements to

be made. The way to do is to question everything that is done, at least to one’s self. Is this form or process necessary? Am I sure that it      -V.

is necessary? What use is made of it? Am I       "v

sure that use is of sufficient importance to justi- ’ ' fy its continuance? Can it be made simpler? .s Can it be combined with something else ?_ Can      ■ •• f

it be done quicker? Can anything be omitted

from it? Should there be additions made to it? .A* Is the order of work here the right order? Could

the routine be changed to advantage? The ques- q tions one may ask himself are endless.               *

One who is aspiring for promotion should realize that no promotion can come without the . assumption of added responsibility, and he should be willing to assume such responsibilities ' when they come his way.                          .

In choosing a department in which to work, if choice is possible, or in choosing a business, _r it should be remembered that changes in per- -q sonnel are bound to come sooner or later and iyS that the larger the business the more likely the '      .

change is to come soon.

Obligations of Employers

NOTHING is more sure in the business world to wreck the usefulness of an ambitious

man than to prove to him that there is no op-

portunity for promotion in the position to which

he has been assigned. If such an employe strives for years for promotion, and his efforts are unrecognized, he is liable to become bitter and a disorganizer among the men, and a candidate for early unemployment.

Not every faithful employe has the gift of leadership, and some of them will not have promotion when it is offered to them; but it is generally true that an increase of wages without a posssibility of some other kind of advancement acts only as a temporary palliative, and that when the employe finds he can get no farther he becomes lazy and refuses to use his powers of imagination and administration for the welfare of the business.

The policy should be followed of promoting men from within’the force. Going outside for men destroys the confidence of the men in the sincerity of their employers, and a shakeup frequently follows which changes and disorganizes the business from top to bottom, not always to its benefit.

While a man must have a good measure of self-esteem in order to make a good executive, yet too much is worse than too little. It makes an executive proud, and supercilious, a domineering aristocrat and braggart; and no subordinate can have any respect or love for such a man but will almost unconsciously yield only such half-hearted service as is inspired by fear.

Trustworthiness should be an employer’s first consideration in the promotion of a man; and it not infrequently happens that the employer is less trustworthy than many of the men under him, because it often happens that his promotions rest not upon the things upon which they should rest but upon family ties, sect, denomination, membership in some secret order, politics, or pressure from outside source.

Promotions which have as their only basis the fact that a man has been with a company a given number of years are unsatisfactory to

employer and employe alike. It is conceivable* that a man might be with a company for a lifetime and know little and care less about its-general interests.                             .

Care and thought must be given to the effect ■ upon the workers beneath in case one of their' fellow employes is promoted over them. This not ■ infrequently leads to jealousies and dissensions; but if the man promoted is the right sort of man, the trouble is much less likely to happen.

It is not wise to let any man know in advance that he is to be promoted. It takes the edge off his ambition and tends to make him less alert • to watch in every direction for ways in which he can benefit the business.

Good Men Cannot Be Kept Down

A COLLEGE graduate in Boston was unable to secure employment in the usual way, so he put on his college cap and gown and started selling papers on the street. This effective method of advertising attracted the attention of business men, and in a short time he had his choice of several good positions.

Another college graduate desired to secure a* place with a certain chemical company, but could find no opening. After much persuasion he finally obtained permission of the superintendent to work as an office boy without wages.¹ After a few weeks he attracted the attention of one of the firm, who wondered why a six-foot man was doing the work of a small boy. He was very soon in a well-paid position with the company and at last reports was in charge of the^T; Paris office, the general manager of their foreign-sales force.                                  -

Another young man, unable to secure employ* ment of any kind, started down an avenue calling at each home and offering to scrub the family dog at 50 cents per scrub. He has built up a permanent business and is said to be enjoying his work immensely.

Labor Unit Defined By H. N. Branch, Strafford, Mo.

FOB half a century I have been an ardent student of social economy and have investigated the most eminent authorities, ancient and modern. Early in my investigations I discovered the fact that our social perplexities are all due to a vicious fiscal system that robs the many for the benefit of the few.

Like Colwell, Jevons, Allison, Del Mar, and many others, I fully realized the crying necessity for a standard or dictionary that would? correctly define each and every commercial factor or unit and thus eliminate all confusion andj, controversy from the world’s marts. Establish* ed facts are not subject to controversy. ■' .

' I failed to realize that nature had instituted an immutable law of standards and a specific standard for each and every class of social units or factors known to man. 1 started from a false premise and failed .to recognize nature’s only standard for correctly defining any and all commercial units. If we don’t know our destinat ion and the proper way thereto, we are not likely to arrive.

Twenty-five years ago I quit the political arena because I refused longer to discuss publicly a subject of whose character and parts I was sublimely ignorant. I arrived in February, 1916. -

I have been charged with boasting and peddling Karl Marx’s ideas under my own mental trade-mark. I plead, “Not guilty”.

WhenWestinghouse informed Vanderbilt and other rail-magnates that air-brakes would prove a great boon to transportation and to humanity in life-saving, he was not boasting in stating a demonstrated fact; but he was turned down good and hard. When McCormick asserted that the binder would revolutionize small grain husbandry, he was not boasting; but he was turned down, and for years the public refused to acknowledge his great service. When that great boon to surgery, the formula for nitrous oxide gas, was made public it was refused and its author died, and even his name was forgotten before his great service was recognized. When I assert that the discovery of the standard of social values is the exact equivalent of all other discoveries, past, present, and future, T am not theorizing nor boasting. I state a great and dominant truth fully demonstrated and Verified to my intelligence. I know exactly what I’m talking about.

Marx and Engels issued the great postulate that the worker is entitled to “production cost”, his entire product or its equivalent in other products in exchange, but the failure to demonstrate to the worker a method or rule by which he could correctly define and verify “production cost” left him stranded.

Farm organizations demand of Congress a tariff on foreign products that will equalize “production cost” here. For farm organizations and Congress to discuss units of “production cost” or units of labor value when they cannot correctly define the character and nature of those units, do not know what they are talking about, is the climax of asinine stupidity.

863 --Jt

The fact is the “production cost” or labor -ji value of a given product is exactly the same the world over, and the currency that does not > recognize that plain fact is the child either of I,' ignorance or of knavery. After materials are ‘ assembled the “production cost” or labor value _j of the Brooklyn Bridge will be exactly the same if erected in Australia, Egypt, or India as it is here. Units of labor energy are absolutely ■ stable in character and never vary in service or <:• value or use.                                            ■

A labor unit is any part of labor energy and ’ may be correctly defined by its results, units, * = or products, just as we correctly define units ■ of steam, heat, light, electricity, blood, and other energies by their visible and tangible units or products. The product or value is the exact '; equivalent of the energy employed in its production.                 •                                       : .

Duration is the only standard that recognizes . time units as its factors. The human mind can entertain hut one subject at a time. In all past ; aeons people have paid for time with little re- ' gard to the volume of service rendered.

If I buy a cord of wood the personality of the chopper and time employed in chopping do not concern me in the least. I am buying fuel, - i and not investing in time and personal equations. They are incorporated in products and ' there are no indices for defining them. If Miss Robinson will demonstrate to me a method that v will correctly define time and personal equa- " tions of products, I will take off my hat to her i and remain “unkivered” till she gets by. I am . hungering for correct information on the ques- ’ tion raised. When Miss Robinson buys a pair of shoes she examines material and mechanism in detail, has no other index; and time and the personal equation are not even thought of. <

If one man cuts two cords of wood while an- yi other cuts but one, the men should be paid for ~‘ actual service rendered by each without regard . to time.                                               ~

Labor energies of brain and brawn are always compounded in products. The simplest as well as the most complex labors of men and ani- ■' mals are always directed by brain neurons. A ■ crazy dog would be no good in a field trial.         '

Standards are natural agents over which men • 7 and nations have no jurisdiction. Man may, discover and employ a standard, but he cannot -A create one. Space, gravity, duration, altitude, -land, steam, electricity, nutrition, etc. etc,, are ,

- ’       S64

J*      natural agents and standards, each correctly

defining any and all units of its own kind or 7 class. Space or capacity defines all capacity or । space units from cubic inches to the universe.

An army standard defines and includes all army units from the private to the commander-in-chief.

The products of labor energies of brain and ■ • brawn include and define all commercial units from toothpicks to the sum total of all social .    enterprises. Labor energy is the world’s only

;        actual or real capital, the modern Atlas that

carries the world of commerce on his back. A „         standard is the sum total of all units of its kind

■    or class, the culminating or greatest unit of its

-        kind or class. That is the law of standards.

- The sum total of labor energies is equal to and includes “production cost” of all social factors ,      _ and is the only possible standard for defining

:         “production cost” or social values.

f          A surveyor or bridge contractor can take a

blue-print of details and determine the exact “production cost” or labor value of a bridge of . defined character; but when he tries to define _        that cost with terms (currency) that have no

stable meaning he is up against it, and his bid is a gamble.

We learn by comparison. We test and verify the unknown by comparison to the known of

Bbooxlyw, M.

like character. With a defined unit of any kind to serve as a standard for comparison we can exactly determine its relative status to any other unit of the same character. With a three-inch longimetry unit for comparison we can deter- * mine the exact length value of any other longim- * etry unit. We define space, steam, gravity, ' 1 labor, and other values in like manner.

Strictly speaking, there is no such thing as raw material. Organized matter is the product ,-_t of natural energies. A mature tree is a finished i product.

Governments issue certificates of credit \in different denominations to gold diggers for 7 labor performed, and these certificates are good -at face demands for other products. Why not i give certificates good at face value in other pro- ' ducts to potato diggers, coal diggers, and all , other workers, denominating the volume of serv- • ’ v ice rendered and demanded in exchange as de- ?-fined by the labor units denominated by the cer- -tificates? Such a currency will require no “Legal '« Tender Act”, will stabilize exchanges by correctly defining “production cost” or labor cost or value, eliminate bond issues and interest, do ’>•; away with social unrest, and restore natural re- L sources to the unrestricted service of humanity. . i

■                   Anarchy Deliberately

IN NO. 52, page 747, of The Golden Age, reference is made to a certain resolution ofC       ferred to the New York County Committee of

the American Legion, in support of law and ‘         order, which was rejected by that body.

■■■■           When the origin of the American Legion is

ri         considered, no surprise need be felt at any such

'         attitude in respect to lawlessness on the part

/)f these men. Apparently they were organized f         by the Invisible Government and chartered by

the Federal Government. According to the peti-I;         tion of the Private Soldiers and Sailors Legion

L        of America, the American Legion was organized

’ - by Big Business for the very purpose of oppos-§         ing certain phases of Constitutional law and

£ ■ order. The petition speaks for itself, and speaks I-        loudly. The attitude of the American Legion

towards freedom of speech and organized labor, and its insolent opposition to the release of Mr. £        Debs, tend to show that the Money Power father-

tt. ed the organization. Through its officers the

Planned By L. D. Barnes                _

rank and file of these boys have been organized ¹ ■ to abridge the Constitutional rights of the . masses. If necessary to the plans of greed these boys may be used to shoot dpwn th^ir daddies, / ; their brothers, and their cousins in the time of ^; trouble that the money sharks are forcing on ’ the people; that is, if their plans carry. The belief is gaining ground that the American- ' Legion is measurably under papal-empire con- ■ trol, with whatever that irpplies. •            /

The petition referred to is attached; and ~ doubtless, as the only truthteller extant, The Golden Age will wish to pass it on to its large ^s family of intelligent readers and to as many of -the boys as possible.                             * ;

Mr. Michaelson, of Illinois, has offered a resolution in Congress for the investigation of these charges.                                         ' i.

[The petition of the Private Soldiers and Sailors Legion, Marvin Gates Sperry, National Chairman, asking for the revocation of the

*

charter of the American Legion on the ground that it is an anarchistic organization, is published in the Congressional Record of August 15, 1921, and reads as follows:

On September 16,1919, the Congress, by special enactment, granted a charter to a group of men and their successors empowering them to of veterans of the World War American Legion.

By reason of the possession

865

We charge:                                •

• 1. That the organizers and present officers of the American Legion organized it with tainted money, for the purpose of giving the men who placed themselves in its control an opportunity of misrepresenting the wishes and desires of former service men wherever such wishes and desires clashed with those of the unknown men who had furnished the money, and who are the real power behind the Legion.

• 2. That the present officers of the American Legion have no authority to speak for the rank and file of veterans, either within or without the Legion.

• 3. That the present officers of the Legion are receiving and paying out to themselves vast sums of money in ■ salaries and expenses, ostensibly because of the services they are rendering to former service men, when, in truth, their services and activities are not in the interest of the veterans but of the hidden group of men who furnished the secret funds for its organization.           '

• 4. That notwithstanding a clear and unequivocal provision in the law granting the American Legion its charter to the effect that a financial statement must be annually filed with Congress, no such statement has ever yet been filed.                                               ’

• 5. That in carrying out the orders of the unknown interests who furnished the funds for its organization the present officers of the American Legion have instigated and incited lawlessness in numerous instances. An examination of the facts in the cases of Arthur Clark-, Carpenteria, Calif.; Frederick Keis, Jr., Cincinnati ; Kate O’Hara, Minot, N. Dak.; former Senator J. Ralph Burton and Prof. Wilson, at Ellinwood Kans.— to mention only a few of these instances—will convince all fair-minded men that the perpetrators of these outrages should not be permitted to hide their offenses behind a Federal charter.

• 6. That the leaders of the American Legion have pursued the settled, uniform policy of interfering with, and dictating to public schools and colleges, churches, : newspapers, public meetings, political assemblies, officers charged with the preservation of the public peace' and all persons and all activities which in any way threatened to endanger the interests of the secret financial backers of the Legion, and they still pursue this policy under the cloak of the Federal charter and without any authorization from the body of their members.

• 7. That from the day of its organization the attitude of the officers of the American Legion toward labor, and especially toward organized labor, has been so virulent and hostile as to justify the inference that the secret funds secretly furnished for its organization were contributed for the express purpose of opposing the welfare of all men who work for wages, under the . specious guise of patriotism.                         ' - _t

We have no quarrel with our buddies who were induced by false pretenses to join the Legion. Our criticism is directed solely against the men who have mia-

represented and exploited not only the rank and file of the American Legion, but ourselves and all other veterans as well; and we respectfully petition 'the Congress, in the interest of all former service men, to appoint a committee to examine into this matter, with the view of repealing the charter of the American Legion, bo that it may cease to cloak the scandalous and disgraceful conduct of a small coterie of self-constituted, self-perpetuating officials.—Ed.]

At the Kansas City Convention of the American Legion, held in November, it was demonstrated that these fellows have no regard for established law but are a law unto themselves. That assembly was reported to have been a drunken carousal, all respect for law and order being trampled upon. It is stated that they took their jugs and bottles to the chief of police, and asked that official to keep them in custody until called for. This he did!

Thus is demonstrated the weakness of the

THE condition which impressed me most forcibly during my recent visit to England was that of unemployment, a condition which is of colossal importance and one which, unless prompt measures are taken for its alleviation, appears to be pregnant with possibilities of trouble in the perhaps not very distant future. It is apparent to a visitor that England is comparable with a much over-cultivated garden, which unless foreign fertilizer, in the form of commerce, is abundantly supplied, becomes at last incapable of nurturing its dense population. A thinning-out process and the cultivation of other fields through a scheme of emigration seem absolutely necessary. Unemployed are in evidence almost everywhere, in some districts more than in others. They can be seen with dejected mien, “hanging around” the labor exchanges and street corners. Varied are the efforts put forth to extract from the social soil sufficient nourishment to attend to daily needs. Some hawk small articles from door to door; others “sing” in the streets, casting wistful glances at the windows; others form into bands of musicians, forcing upon a bored public every variety of melody at unseasonable hours; while still others engage in the nocturnal profession ’of burglary. “Unemployables” are not wanting —those who prefer to drag along on the “dole” and to prop up the counters of “public houses”,

public protectors in the face of a scourge. Thus j is demonstrated the anarchous tendency of the " times and we may easily surmise what will be the nature of the occurrences when the “four winds” are loosed and the resulting whirlwind.-/ of anarchy begins to increase in strength and rapidity.

Of the disregard of the Kansas City Convention of the Legion for the prohibition amendment to the Constitution— the highest law of the land—the Joplin Tribune said:

“Of the distinguished visitors who attended the American Legion convention, none was received with more royal acclamations than John Barleycorn.

“With bonded labels like chevrons on his glassy shoulders, neck erect and his cock hat tipped jauntily fol immediately removal, Gen. John stalked through the downtown streets amid the cheers of hundreds of legion-aires.”

falling further and further into the abyss of dejection and hopelessness.

The housing problem still remains critical. At the same time that many families find themselves obliged to drag out an unsatisfactory existence in one or two rooms, a large number of houses stand empty—“For Sale” but not “For Rent”, their owners hoping to realize on them at a handsome profit. The building of new dwelling houses is negligible; and, although the building-material “ring” has allowed prices to drop slightly, it is unlikely that any marked activity will be noted until further progress is made in that direction. In the meantime, through the selfish greed of the “ring” private buildihg operations are suspended and the crying need of the people for increased housing accommodations remains disregarded. Most of the building of dwelling houses in the recent years has been carried out by the minicipal governments; and, although these constructions have been mostly designed as dwellings for the workers, their excessive cost places their rentals beyond the reach of that class.

In the best residential districts of the West End of London there are large numbers of houses for sale. The owners, formerly belonging to the wealthy classes, but whose incomes have been depleted on account of Income Tax demands, find themselves obliged to reduce ex

penses and move into smaller and less expensive abodes, or into hotels. Household staffs are being reduced, and butlers and other not absolutely essential servants dispensed with.

Land is rapidly changing hands in England, and a new class of landowner is coming into evidence. “Small holders” are increasing. Many of the great estates are being divided up and portions disposed of; and ancestral halls are passing into the hands of war millionaires. Occasionally a duke or an earl announces that Jie is in financial -straits and that he will be forced to dispose of a portion of his estates.

Hospitals are finding it difficult to make ends meet. Many of their former patrons have been obliged to cut. down charity expenditure, and it is said- that many of the newly rich do not fully appreciate their responsibilities in this regard.

The recent prolonged drought in many districts has wrought considerable havoc. It has been necessary, in- some counties, to carry water long distances in order to supply the needs of cattle. Wells have gone dry, and rivers have decreased in content. It has even been said that, unless conditions show an early improvement, certain localities may become uninhabitable. It is estimated that for the past year there has been .a shortage in rainfall of about 12 inches. In some parts the lack of moisture has brought about the contraction of the soil to such an extent that the foundations of buildings have had to be reinforced or rebuilt. Prospects for agriculturists and cattle raisers for the coming season are unpromising.

England is beginning to share the fate of America in the form of domination by “combines”. Milk is 8d per quart, as compared with pre-war price of 4d; while as regards its quality and the methods of distribution employed, these, compared with conditions of the industry in New York, are nothing short of a disgrace. One of the most enterprising London dailies, The Daily Express, has been making a campaign .for some time, to bring about better conditions in the milk supply business.

Prices of necessities, with the exception of house rent, traveling, and coal, have fallen very considerably, and are in many cases back to prewar rates. A medium quality suit of men’s clothes can be bought for $20.00, while a good pair of shoes cost $4.00. Christmas fare—with the exception of turkeys, the price of which was

“boosted” by heartless speculators from 28c. to $1.00 per pound—was reasonable, which enabled

the average family to provide a more liberal

table at the festive season than in the preced-

ing post-war years. Internal trade, especially at the great sales of women’s goods, 'is brisk, in view of the prevailing low prices.

General (export) trade returns show a gradual improvement. It seems doubtful, however, if the government will be able to balance the forthcoming budget, unless stringent economies are promptly affected. The nine months of the' current financial year shows a deficit of some £60,000,000, due very largely to the falling-off -   •

of income under the Excess Profits duty. The , ■ report and recommendations of Sir Eric Geddes ■; on governmental expenditures appears to have been side-tracked.

The rapidly lessening faith of the people in the clergy is becoming increasingly apparent as • skepticism and indifference increase. The church authorities recently refused the offer of a large sum of money for several of the church edifices and ground in the city of London, the sugges- • tion being that the money might be profitably employed in augmenting the stipends of necessitous clergy. Many of these city churches are ;• of ancient origin, situated in the central busi-     '

ness section of the city, whose number of inhab-    . '■

itants on other than working days is infinitesimal. Church attendance on Sundays is said often not to exceed a dozen persons; and aside from the fact that attaching to these churches there is usually a valuable “living”, it is difficult to find an adequate reason apart, possibly, from historical associations, that would warrant their perpetuation. The English church ap- ' -pears to be collapsing in more senses than one, ^r as announcement was recently made- that owing to subsidences a portion of Lincoln cathedral needed substantial repairs, which it was estimated would cost $1,000,000.

The British coal industry has recently secured some substantial orders, and in some fields the pits are working at full speed.

Discontent with, and criticism of, the govern- P ment are very apparent. It is felt that the powers that be are working more for their own' • ' ' particular interests than for the general inter- •: ests of the masses.

Transportation in England is almost invariably on a highly efficient basis, while the system u existing in London is probably the best in the , *

world. Surface transit is mainly carried on by means of well-designed and efficient motor omnibuses, of which there are hundreds of different routes in operation, and which are rapidly replacing street-car lines. These services operate not only in London itself but also to points at considerable distance outside. The subways are rapid and comfortable, and noise of operation has been to a very large extent eliminated. There is a general working agreement between the subways and motor bus lines, all of which come under the inclusive term of “underground”. Each station is clearly marked; and self-explanatory maps showing the whole transportation system of London are freely displayed, which helps tend to reduce travel to an almost exact science. Apart from a general re-planning of the entire system, it is hard to see how the facilities at present afforded could be improved upon.

The leaders of England, like those of many countries, would like to get back to in statu quo ante helium [in the same state as before the war—Ed.], not perceiving that such a thing, like the putting together of “Humpty Dumpty’s egg”, is neither possible nor desirable. They fail to observe the signs of the times and while • they believe that the old order is passing to a large extent, they do not perceive the invisible presence' of Him who has the right to the dominion of earth, or His unseen influence in national affairs.

England, in the “times of restitution” that are coming (Acts 3:21), will truly merit the title “Merrie England”. The “tight little island” will form part of a still greater empire that shall embrace the whole earth, the Head of which will be that great King, “the Prince of Peace”. “The government shall be upon his shoulder.”

BREVITIES

Radium Eye-Glasses By George r. c. mu

84? Addison St., Chicago, Hl.

AT THE age of two years I had a fever which affected my eyes. Between the ages of six and ten I lost many weeks of schooling on account of this. At one time I never saw light for over six weeks, having my eyes bandaged continually except during treatments. At that time the specialist saved my sight; but as I grew older there was little improvement, though nearly all “salves”, “drops,” “washes,” were used. Spectacles were fitted, and worn with no relief in particular.

At the age of fifteen I was compelled to leave the high school in the middle of my second year because my eyes were failing again. Specialists who carefully examined them claimed that the trouble was not granulated lids. No help was found in overcoming the weakness, the burning, and the itching of lids upon which scales formed continually and had to be removed daily until 1920, when I was thirty-five years of age. Then I learned of radium glasses. The result of their use was immediate. After using them for two weeks I have had no more itching or burning or scale formation. To me it is a miracle. My sight has also improved.

[The glasses above mentioned are to be obtained from the Radium Appliance Sales Com- ’.j pany, 518 Lincoln Inn Court, Cincinnati, Ohio] *?

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Some Thoughts on Money ^Bv John Buckley

IA T HAT is money, and what is it doing for ’ ■ the race? Years ago it was called the root of all evil; today it rules the world, and is a god. 5 It perverts justice, and corrupts officials. Be ' as democratic and liberal as you may, you must

in a measure be influenced by the prevailing ' 'A idea.                                  .                      - 1      <

Meeting people, we form a judgment of them ¹ by the clothes that they wear, and the style in which they live. We apply literally the saying, * . “To them that have”. If they have nothing, they “I are beneath us, and not in our class. The man or woman who is ill-clothed gets scant attention and little courtesy in our stores, and many there are who make their prices by a customer’s apparent ability to pay.                               ./

One of the leading physicians of the state of. „ Massachusetts recently said that there were , many doctors who kept patients ill or failed to -Q cure them, because of the continued profit. -

Since Moses threw down the tablets, the fol-

I lowers of th'e golden calf have been sufficiently numerous to lead the throng.

Even the minister of the gospel must recognize the power of money and bow to it. His utterances must not, by any degree of a proper radicalism, offend the wealthier members of his congregation, lest he be asked to resign, and find himself without a job.

Even among the well-informed, there is a difference of opinion as regards money. One will tell you that there is a lack of circulating medium; and another, that too much gold is the cause of business depression; that fiat money would mean a lesser purchasing power, and that a gold standard is the only thing.

We find that Government bonds are a good investment. Backed by the integrity and wealth of the country, they represent only a promise

F- to pay, while the paper money of the country, with the same guaranty back of it, must be se-| cured by a gold collateral. The bondholder is I' willing to trust the Government, while the comR. mon people, who handle only money, are not | allowed to show their patriotism and must be |-^r protected.

l Another peculiar feature brought out by the | war is the unemployment in the different coun-| tries. The United States, the richest country « in the world, has the greatest number of un-f employed. England, with a depreciated cur-i rency and a vast debt, has a less proportion; j while Germany, with her debts, indemnities, and ’ an almost worthless currency has the fewest £ unemployed.

£ Will it not be possible to learn something t ■ from these facts, if we put our minds to work? | Our wars are commercial wars; and it is pos-( sible for man or men, in their scramble for money, to embarrass a government and force t a war, with its horrible sacrifices and misery. '• It has been claimed that there is a money •    trust, and facts seem to bear out the claim.

'■ ’ < Supply and demand are supposed to govern the ", price of all things, yet at present they seem to ~ have little to do with money.

- The country never has been so rich, yet the legal rates of interest are higher than they once '■ , were and money cannot be obtained unless one pays the rate demanded.

i The common people are living on the savings of wartime; withdrawals from the Postal Savings Bank, amounted to $1,750,000 or more, for the month ending November 1, 1921.

Many people who bought Liberty Bonds during the war, have since been forced to discount them to money-lenders in order to pay living expenses.

Forty-Five Years of Disgrace

WHAT would you think of a man that would borrow $2,290.49 from another man, and give him a check in payment of the account, and then, for political reasons, would hem and haw forty-five years about making the check good? That is what Albert H. Baynolds, 4331 Oxford St., El Paso, Texas, claims Uncle Sam has done to him.

In the spring of 1877, during the Custer campaign in the Black Hills, Mr. Baynolds, now old and poor, furnished the United States troops under Lieutenant Johnson with cash to the amount of $2,290.49 (virtually all the money he had in the world—his patrimony in fact), and received a United States voucher in return. The voucher should have been redeemed; i. e., paid some time during that calendar year, but the Black Hills were then far from any bank and the voucher was not presented until early in the next calendar year. As a result payment on it was refused.

The outcome is that for forty-five years Mr. Baynolds has been beseeching presidents, senators, congressmen, everybody, to see that he gets his money. Presidents write back and say that they can do nothing; that there must be an act of congress. Senators write back and beguile him with tales that after just a little bit his bill will be passed.

The years have stretched into decades and decades are hastening Mr. Baynolds, once a . patriot of the patriots, and a believer in this government, down to a place where, shortly, unless he is one of the Millions Now Living that Will Never Die, he will have no use for his $2,290.49 when he gets it.

How is it possible that such a shameless robbery could be perpetrated by the greatest and richest country in the world? Mr. Baynolds tells us that the answer is in one word, Politics. When the Democrats would pass the measure some Bepublican objects; when the Bepublicans would pass the measure some Democrat objects. The days stretch into months, the months into years, the years into decades, the decades lead to the tomb. Mr. Baynolds has been robbed and the unintentional but none the less efficient thief

that stands before the world in this instance is the same great corporation, the United States Government, that has sent many a hapless bank clerk to Atlanta Penitentiary for five years for irregularities that in amount and in meanness of spirit in no way compare with the robbery to which Mr. Raynolds so justly objects.

How can the United States Government consistently send anybody to Atlanta Prison as a thief when it is itself in this instance, a thief of the meanest, lowest order, a thief that borrows money which it is well able to repay but which it refuses by neglect to repay to a poor man? But perhaps it is enough for the common people to reflect that not much can be expected from a body that w’ould seat Truman H. Newberry in the highest legislative seat in the gift, or in this instance, we might say, the purchase, of the people. If this country does not need Christ’s kingdom, none ever will.

Paying the Fiddler           By Benjamin Innis

T SEE “by the papers”, that the “disarmament J- convention is a success of the first magnitude”. If we believe all we read in the papers we must have a leather judgment, an elastic conscience, a dark brown imagination, and a pair of opaque eye-glasses, and then we shall be qualified to enjoy “oursel’s as ithers”.

A few years ago the papers arose to remark that Germany was hell and the inhabitants were all he-devils and she-devils and imps; and that this nation was divinely appointed to execute judgment on Germany. The pulpit and press started a war-dance and invited all the_inhabi-tants to join in the mirth-provoking exercises; and this they did with a keen relish. The nations round about were invited to “join with us” and all unite in a supreme effort to make the festivities the most successful that our oldest inhabitant ever “hearn tell on”.

Those who did not dance were invited to contribute toward the fiddler’s fund, the refreshment fund, the manager’s fund, the castor-oil fund, the sugar fund, the Hog Island fund. There were more holes to fill with funds than there are rooms in a yellow-jacket’s castle. Preachers pounded pulpits for funds to make “the world safe for democracy”. Editors beat their tomtoms loud, long and furiously, calling attention to the fact that “if we do not destroy the devil and his imps they will invade the U.

S. A. and create a hell that will supersede all our own efforts as yet I”                   '

Suddenly there was a panic; a day was appointed for “prayers for peace”. Then the edi- / tors addressed the inhabitants, saying, “Much ^?

good will come from your prayers, because you prayed with one hand and made shrapnel with the other, and no time was lost”.

Next the preachers had their inning. They

high-power rifle, join our ranks and fight Ger* 2 many”; yet, knowing God’s will in the matter, • they “prayed for peace”.

I honestly believe that the tadpole from which , they claim to be evolved was not properly nour- ’ ished in his youth; and that his offspring inher- : ited his mental weakness; and that weakness , has been manifested in the “disarmament powwow”.

I also firmly believe that the “men of Nineveh” are well qualified to judge and condemn this age. Something is wrong with our Christian -(?) civilization. “Why stand ye idle?” No work. , Why so? Overproduction; warehouses are full of shoes; we are barefoot; wool is being used to improve highways, while we wear patched '' cotton overalls; millions of treasure are spent on monuments in honor of the dead, while the boys ’ who were sent “overseas” who hobble around on .. crutches are looked upon by the priest and levite ’ who pass by, saying, “Too bad I”

Mr. Griffith ought to film a few chapters of our Christian (?) civilization; it would make ' “Intolerance” look righteous, compared to mod- U ern facts and acts committed by professors of ’ Christianity. Mr. Griffith can obtain full information from the latest discovered manuscript, namely, “The Acts of the Twentieth-Century • Christians”. This, however, is not considered . much of an improvement on the Acts of the Apostles.                                      .     -

Mexican Lands          ^BV Ira E. Johnson, • '

Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico

I HAVE been a reader of your valuable maga- " zine, and am always entertained and instrue-ted by its contents. No. 58 is the latest to hand; and I wish to add a thought to the first article, by Robert Lawson. We must remember that God changeth not, and that every command He

ever gave will be carried out some time and by some one.

For some time the first command given to I- father Adam in his beautiful garden home has been dinning in my ears, day and night. “Subdue the earth” is part of it; and now as there is so much agitation about the coming restitution I am very much impressed with the fact ' that man still has this work to do. And the sooner men awake to their responsibility and opportunity, I believe, so much sooner we shall see the curse begin to be removed. Every reasonable thinking person admits that the soil is the foundation and source of all wealth, and that without access to free land people are at the mercy of the money kings who at present control almost everything.

l am here in a country (Mexico) that by most Americans is regarded as very unsafe to life and property. But from what I have seen and heard, I believe that I am much safer here than in any city in the United States. I have seen men go into the banks, and come out with sacks of gold and silver on their shoulders, and walk the streets in safety. This could not be done in any other country that I know of.

Moreover, I do not know any place on this continent where the government is offering - such favorable opportunities for real, earnest i men and women who would like to secure homes in a climate and on a soil that produce abundantly Tor a small outlay of labor. I also see the opportunity for families with small means ( to secure homes, where they soon can have a miniature Edenic garden.

• • So I am agitating for the work of restitution ±    to be begun here, by men and women coming

f    and grasping the opportunity for practically

• <    free land with every condition very favorable;

r     and if we are really living in the time when

f    millions now living shall never die, is it not

about time that those who believe in the literal ■ restoration spoken of by the mouth of all the T - holy prophets since the world began, should ; show their faith by their works, and begin by getting out of the cities (which in the near fu-ture shall be overthrown), where every crime thrives and increases? I believe it will not be

long after we really go to work in faith to do God’s will that we Shall see the curse gradu

ally remove.

The Mexican people are quiet and peaceable, and much in need of leaders and instructors.

They have been under the oppressor s so many years that it is only natural that they are suspicious. So if you think that God meant man to subdue the earth, remember that in Mexico there are millions of acres available at almost any terms.

The government is organizing a colony six miles from this city, with good soil, water, and climate much like that of Los Angeles, without fog. As much land as a family is capable of using can be leased for a term of from twenty-five to fifty years; and I believe the great reason why this government is not recognized by the United States is simply the fact that bankers and real-estate sharks see plainly their doom written. If this government can put the people on the land and let them make for themselves happy homes, this nation will be an object lesson for the whole earth.

God’s will shall be done on earth as it is in heaven. I am 68 years old, and expect to live forever. Glory to God! I do not know how long I shall be here, as I expect some friends who wish, to locate in Durango, and I will go with them. But any information which I can give I will gladly do so.

Wasteful America             By John Buckley

TO THE poor and unemployed of our great cities, the burning of corn for fuel by Western farmers and by light and power companies, seems a frightful thing. What it means to the farmers is not so easily apparent.

From the Department of Agriculture we learn that a ton of corn is equal to coal at $10 per ' ton. We are also informed that a ton of hay extracts $7 worth of value from the soil. Corn will probably take an equal toll; and an equal value in fertilizer must be used to replace it, if the soil is to continue to be productive.

If the corn was fed to stock of any kind, a large part of it would be returned to the soil as fertilizer. When jt is burned, the value disappears.

Thousands of acres in our Eastern states have been worn out to a point where they will produce nothing but sheep sorrel.

Our timber, like our soil, is being ruthlessly wasted and destroyed; and in the more thickly settled parts of the country there is no timber.

The Canadian Government gets a revenue and conserves its forests through a stumpage tax.

In the United States, most of our timber lands have .gone to the individual, for exploitation.

Some years ago, vast stretches of timber, coal, and mineral lands in West Virginia were advertised and sold for cents an acre; and for the exploiting of these resources, the American public is now suffering.

Our methods of the past have been chaotic and harmful. It is universally admitted that we are the most wasteful people in the world. In every walk of life we are improvident and wasteful. When you receive your mail today please note that for one letter of importance, there will be several that advertise goods that you do not want, appeals for support from candidates for office, and a multitude of other things that do not interest you. In an election in this city recently, the postal employes were forced to work three additional hours to deliver campaign literature alone.

You may ask: What has this to do with me? The reply is: It is waste, and every one has to stand a part of it; and whether you know it or not, you must stand your share.

Take the daily paper: The greater part of it is devoted to advertisements that busy and useful people seldom have time to read. Three-fourths of the printing, and three-fourths of the material on which the printing is done, are wasted through lack of a proper system of manufacture and distribution. The labor of thousands of men and the forests from thousands of acres are wasted to market shoddy goods, that it would be better never to have made.

Good hides are destroyed to make cheap leather to supply the poc_zr with shoes, half of which are paper. Burlap overcoats are made for those who can pay for no better; poorly built houses waste our fuel; we live at long distances from our work’, and in labor and carfares waste a vast amount annually. To go to and from work, the ordinary city worker spends the interest on $1,500 annually.

We have in our present system built a wonderfully ingenious machine, that is so complicated that it will not pay to use it much longer. When a ship costs too much to repair, or becomes obsolete, the Government scraps it. When a manufacturer finds that he cannot afford to use antiquated methods, he adopts new ones. A nation cannot do this with an economic system such as we live under. There are too many to profit by the old order.

Were we able to put into operation a systenE*| that would save one-fourth of the waste of to-'⁵! day, there would be a vast amount of unemploy* V ment.

Should we turn the labor of these idlers into useful channels, we could make a wonderful world, in which it would be a pleasure to live. ’

At present we are like a horde of locusts: we consume the material resources in coal, oil,', timber, and minerals. There is nothing that’ our well-being requires, that we do not destroy. A

Chemistry of Iron            By E. h. Comstock

rpiIE mixing of iron by chemical analysis is -L one of the many presages, or signs, of the Golden Age.

Al any of the foundrymen today can remember the time when iron was mixed by fracture with " uncertain results. Now there are few if any •• who do this.                                        - “

To understand the mixing of iron by chemical <• analysis it is necessary to be acquainted with A the fact that iron has mixed with it certain chemical elements. These have a very marked ■ : effect on the strength of the iron. One hun- , ■ dred pounds is the basis upon which the mix- e ture is figured. For example, suppose we have -an analysis made; we find it as follows:      y

Manganese .......... .55 %

Graphitic Carbon 2.75 %

Silicon ..........................  2.13 %

Combined Carbon  .45

Phosphorus.45 %

Sulphur ................    .019%

The balance is metallic iron .........93.651%

It lias been discovered in the last few decades that these elements can be regulated when cast- ” ing, and better results obtained. Castings can be made so that they may be machined easily, and yet they will be strong; or they may be -hard, weak, and brittle. Because of this, up-to-date manufacturers, when having-castings ' made, demand that they stand a certain test, and require test-bars frpm every heat. The re- ' f suits are better and uniform castings.

Four elements are taken into consideration in most cases, when casting ordinary gray iron: f namely, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, and ■ sulphur. Let us consider them in the order named.                                   .

silicon                     ,

This element is a softener up to a certain > ' point, after which it has a hardening effect, .

It is not advisable to permit it to go above 3.50 percent. It is not necessary that it go any higher for any class of work, although chemists generally agree that it does not reach the hardening point until the 3.50 percent is reached. For farm and other light machinery from 2.00 to 2.25 percent is sufficient; but for gas-engine cylinders better results will be obtained by keeping this element at 1.75 percent or as low as 1.25 percent, depending upon the required size. Other elements being normal, the higher the silicon, even reaching as high as 3.50 percent, the softer and weaker the castings will be. With low silicon, hard and strong castings will be obtained.

MANGANESE

This element is a very important one; and : it has been the experience of the writer that defective castings could be remedied by the proper use of it. Manganese from .45 to .60 percent in machine castings gives good results. When it runs higher the effect is to soften, unless it runs as high as the silicon; for then it hardens. With from .60 to.90 percent in cylinders there is fi close grain which tends to keep them from leaking. When casting white iron for feed-grinder burrs the teeth failed to run out sharp. On making an analysis it was found that manganese was only .21 percent. The next heat it was raised to .40 percent with the other elements about the same. The result was good sharp teeth which were not too brittle. _

PHOSPHORUS

This’ element is very desirable in light castings ; for it adds to the fluidity of the iron. To illustrate: the iron may flow from the cupola with every indication of being very hot, but does not run light pieces. Usually, upon investigation, the phosphorus is found to be low. In light castings this element may run from .80 to 1.00 percent. This results in brittle castings. One factory was losing a large percent of work by breakage in their tumblers. By lowering the phosphorus the loss was overcome.

SULPHUR

Sulphur is very detrimental to iron if it is found in an excessive degree. It is preferable below .10 percent in machinery castings and as much lower as possible in cylinders. To add to the foundryman’s troubles it is absorbed

from the coke by the iron during the melting    '_f

process. This is overcome to some extent by ,    ?

the use of manganese, which carries off some of ■ the excess sulphur. When this element is found < in too large a percent it has the following effects; . The castingswillbe strong but very hard, causing considerable difficulty in machining. Also in : •/ process of pouring,the iron will be very sluggish . and sharp corners are not inclined to fill out. In cylinders there will be leaky places, called by foundrymen sulphur holes.                        '

As we stand at the dawn of the Golden Age the possibilities in the perfection of mixing and melting irons are still before us. The accomplishment, in Solomon’s day, of brass moulding refutes the evolution theory. In 1 Kings 7:15, 16 and 46, the casting of two large pillars, each _; 27 feet long, is recorded. This feat would tax j the ingenuity of brass foundrymen of today.

The account is very simple: “In the plains of * Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay. c ground between Succoth and Zarthan”. If some one would step into the office of a brass foundry- - i man in our day and offer him such a task, it is    ^A

doubtful if it could be accomplished as easily    ?;

as the writer has stated it.                          .

Modern Miracles                 By if. l. Leffler.

IN 1844 Samuel F. B. Morse invented the mag

netic telegraph. People ridiculed the idea of getting messages over wires and looked upon Morse as being a harmless creature, though a little weak mentally. The line between Baltimore and Washington was duly completed; and the first message transmitted was, “What hath God wrought!” During the past seventy-eight years, hundreds of thousands of miles of tele- • graph lines have been constructed and the oceans crossed and recrossed with cables.

But telegraphy after a time, seemed too slow; messages had to be sent by dots and dashes. Could not something be invented to make it possible to talk over the wires? Men began to think and to work along this line; and in the early 70’s Alexander Graham Bell successfully carried on ’ a conversation over wires. The voice was transmitted, and from that time we have had the telephone. During the past fifty years, millions of telephones have been installed in the homes of the people in this land and other countries. The telegraph and the telephone are

' considered indispensable, not only for business but also for pleasure.

Still more thinking was done. Would it not be possible to transmit messages without wires ? The cost of hundreds of thousands of miles of poles and wires, to say nothing of erecting them and keeping them in place in spite of storms, fires, etc. was thought of. After much experimenting on both sides of the Atlantic the wire' less telegraph was invented in 1900; and when people heard of the invention they thought it . a false report and an impossibility. But again the supposedly impossible was accomplished, and today, only twenty-two years later, we have thousands of land stations and every ship required by law to keep and maintain a station and the necessary operators. Now, ships in distress may signal for relief; and thus thousands of people have been saved that otherwise would have, perished at sea.

While the wonders of radio were being discussed, and while station after station was being erected, men were experimenting with means of conveying the voice through space without wires, and in this too they have been highly successful. This has been accomplished within the present decade. The radiophone has followed the radiograph, just as the telephone followed the telegraph in even a shorter interval of time.

Now with a radiophone set in the home, one is able to hear and enjoy musical concerts, press dispatches, weather and crop reports and time signals. The writer has a set in the home, and nightly is able to hear stations in New York and New Jersey, six hundred miles away, Pittsburgh, Chicago and other large cities. Any electrical supply house, in any city, can furnish a good * receiving outfit of twenty-five-mile radius for $25.

Recently, Mr. Maxim, the inventor, was heard delivering a lecture in New Jersey in which he said that 20,000 people were listening to him by radiophone, and that he expects it to be possible to thus speak to one million people within three years. What would George Washington think if he were to return today and witness the means of communication and transportation that we daily use? Would he not say in the words of that first telegraph message, “What hath God

way photographs are now being sent, one SUCKS-• having been thus successfully sent in July, 1921^ from New York to Paris.                    -AS

Another prospect: Every Sunday evening M church services are being transmitted from J;-Pittsburgh; and recently a lady from Maine sent..' word to the Pittsburgh preacher that she' WfflP enjoying his sermons. There may be at least S two advantages to such a system of attending church services: (a) In ease the sermon becomes A too long or uninteresting, it may be tuned out without disturbing others by your leaving the ' audience; (b) it will make possible the discontinuance of the collection-plate nuisance. - ;

Have you ever thought of the marvelous* changes that have taken place since 1870, a date Avithin the memory of millions of people? Since that date railroad and electric lines have been built in such large numbers that almost every, city, town and hamlet is located on one or more of these lines. And now it is possible for S-v person to travel as far in a day as our grand- . ■ parents could in a week—and we can do it in comfort, too (if we have the price)—not only over the surface of the earth but above and below it.

Why has so much progress been made in the , development and invention of labor-saving » machinery' since 1900? Is it because the human race is wiser, has greater brain capacity? It is" ■ in harmony with prophetic statements by Daniel, Nahum, Zephaniah, etc. See Nahum 2:3,4; Daniel 12; Zephaniah 3:8,9. These clearly teach that the Golden Age would be •: introduced by wonderful inventions and, as a result of a selfish monopoly of these by selfisty mi'n, by a great time of trouble. The inventions we have, and the monopoly of these the whole , world recognizes as factors in the comixjgy trouble. Readers of this magazine are familiar with the fact that the railroads, the telegraph ^? and telephone sytem, the steel industry, the oil -industry, etc. are all controlled by a compara- • tively few men, in most cases for their financial enrichment first, the “dear people” second.: But when the Golden Age is fully inaugurate^ . the inventions and modern conveniences will be -for all the people and then “every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree with none to molest him or make him afraid”,“They shall not A

Oliver Wendell Holmes says that it is necessary to begin at least two hundred years before birth if a child is to have the inheritance s that it has a right to demand. But Bible Students know that to go back six thousand years we could not get what our father Adam lost when he brought the penalty of dying and death upon himself, and by the law of heredity upon all of his posterity. And it is to restore to 'Adam and his posterity what Adam forfeited when he disobeyed God that our Redeemer laid down His perfect human life a ransom-price to be given to the poor suffering children of Adam, when the times of restitution of all that was lost to the human race shall come.—Acts 3: 21.

So then, the wisest course to take is to make the most of what we received as a birthday present, and to do the best we can under present conditions. And to do that, we can begin with the prospective mother. The first essential is to put her into as good physical condition as possible; for she who carries one must nourish two. If there is a time in a woman’s life when foods are more important than at any other time, that time is the period of expectant motherhood.

If the mother’s diet before birth of the child, and during the nursing period, is deficient in tissue-sweetening mineral salts and so-called Vitamines required by the developing embryo, the deficiency is made up at the expense of the mother’s own tissues, with a corresponding loss of health and vitality, affecting not only the mother but also her child. How can vitamines or mineral salts that have been taken out of the mother’s food find their way into the tissues of her unborn child, or into the maternal milk on which her child is nourished after birth ? It requires no highly endowed intellect to come to the conclusion that it simply cannot be done.

There is no greater tragedy than the result of ignorance of food and nutrition, which affect both mother and child. Without the proper supply of those food elements during gestation, the lactation period is followed by depressing consequences. During those two periods the mother who does not have those elements in her food is asked to operate without the materials essential to the accomplishment of the heaviest burdens of life. But she pays the penalty in extreme suffering, and many times with her life. There are many other factors which contribute Ito her. distress and suffering, but no single one is as far-reaching as the lack of natural nour-

ishing foods—foods which contain all the ele- • ments essential to nourish the body in all its requirements.                .

Prospective mothers should know, or should get this knowledge and act upon it, that there are certain minute quantities of certain substances found in natural foods, the lack of which entails serious disturbances of nutrition with corresponding loss of health, and this lack prevents her from returning to a normal condition of health after the two periods—gestation and lactation. The absence of these substances is always followed by serious consequences. The demand of lactation during the nursing period consumes the tissues in milk production until a condition of emaciation, anemia, impaired vitality results, favorable to the development of certain diseases, if the mineral salts have been refined out of the mother’s diet.

It is well known that mineral starvation is usually the primary cause of disease, and that the absence of these salts not only impairs all food values but actually tends to make them poisonous. Mineral starvation is followed by disturbances in the vital process, a reduction of the . blood, a reduction of the internal secretions, leaving the system in a condition favorable for the development of that dread disease, consumption.

Mineral salts are absolutely indispensable to the life of the tissues of the human body, and properly nourished tissues are indispensable to normal motherhood. The body is constantly excreting them; and where a new supply is not immediately available the blood and tissues are constantly impoverished by this process. It is therefore imperative that the prospective mother should know and use this knowledge in providing those substances in all the food she consumes.

This subject of mineral-starvation is no new thing. Everybody should know that from milk— natural—whole grains, vegetables when properly prepared, and fruits^ we -obtain substances that are not found in white bread or white-flour . products, nor in meat, nor refined cereals. Yet as a rule they entirely ignore this important fact. Day after day they sit down to a table abundantly supplied with white bread and white-flour products, refined cereals, meat and condiments. Yet none of those foods contains the substances needed by the human body. Meat is wholly deficient in the mineral-salts of iron, calcium, potassium and magnesium.

Next in importance to milk and whole wheat come the vegetables — baked potatoes, stringbeans, peas, tomatoes, cauliflower, cabbage, beets, celery, lettuce, radishes, fruits—oranges, apples, peaches, berries, melons, etc. When any of the above mentioned can be eaten in their raw state so much the better.

A poached .egg on whole wheat toast, with some fruit and unskimmed natural milk—not pasteurized—makes a good meal. Then a glass of milk when retiring is splendid. Fried foods, pickles, spices, pastry and starchy sweets should be avoided, and replaced by sweet fruits such as figs, dates, raisins, prunes, etc., which are much more wholesome. *

PUKE AIR

It is estimated that to take a room 12 x 12 ft., flood it with fresh air, then put one adult into it and close the doors and windows—in two hours he has breathed all the air over once; in four hours, tw^Tice; and so on. Pure, fresh air is essential to life, health, and happiness. Air is a marvelous invigorator to both mind and body. Nothing is more depressing and unwholesome than the breathing of impure air. And when we fully realize the renewing force, the li fe-giving power, of fresh air and sunshine, we will admit them freely to our homes and by thus doing exclude much sickness and suffering. When we live in close, ill-ventilated houses, we are courting danger by breathing and rebreathing the exhalations from our own and others’ lungs.

One of the principal factors in causing sickness in the average home is that of air breathed over and over. If oxygen is the basis of lii’e— and it is—and if carbon dioxide is the great enemy of life, then it docs not require a great amount of reasoning to see that when we rebreathe carbon dioxide that has been thrown off in the process of breathing we are taking an enemy into our system to stead away our health and life. For how can (he lungs supply oxygen to the blood if there is no oxygen in the air which the lungs breathe ? ITow very simple the question is when one stops to think!

Each one of us, and especially prospective mothers, should give this all-important subject her most earnest consideration? You would not knowingly starve yourself or your child. Therefore why shut off the supply of the life-giving oxygen ? If all people could be made to understand the importance of fresh air, what a great if reduction in the number of sick people it might make, if the knowledge were acted upon. -

How hard it is to impress people with this. - ? fact: that air was made to breathe, and that it was made about as it should be used. Some seem

to think that they can improve it by filtering it -through several layers of lath and plaster, shut- N ting it away from the sunshine, contaminating it with the emanations of bodies of old and ? young, cats and dogs, etc., before it is properly prepared for themselves and their children to . breathe. How frequently one hears mothers /. say if the door is left open, “Close that door, , quick! Can't you see that baby is in a draft!”' How unreasonable to be afraid of air in motion! It is about as harmless as any thing can be. If you love your child give it fresh air day and night. If you must sleep indoors in summer, ' at least throw every window and door wide open.                                                    '

To keep children healthy and sw^Teet-tempered, . they must get plenty of fresh air. They cannot get too much. In cold, stormy weather when ' , you do not wish to venture out, put the chil- . ‘ dren’s wraps on them and throw the windows w ide open. Do this just before their afternoon nap and you will see the beneficial results.

FEEDING THE BABY

Mother’s milk is the perfect food for the human infant intended by nature for its suste-. C nance during the¹ first year or longer. Failing , in the supply of mother’s milk, substitutes may be used. ’The stomach of the new born infant is small. It has a capacity of only about two • or three tahlespoonfuls at first, so that during the first week it is best to give the feedings at intervals of two hours, and give nine or ten . feedings per day. With the second week the in* . tervals should be two and a half hours, with seven or eight feedings per day; and after three months, intervals of three hours should be observed with not more than six feedings per day. . At seven or eight months, intervals of three and a half hours should be allowed, with five feedings daily.

The best substitute for mother’s milk is goat’s of- cow ’s milk. If either goat’s or cow’s milk is. used it should be modified. Goat’s milk and -cow’s milk have nearly the same composition,, j

fe ' MJJtCH 15, 1922

though perhaps the amount of fat in the goat’s p milk is slightly less. A quart of either goat’s g or cow’s milk should be set aside in a cool place £ for eight hours. Then the upper half, contain-k' ing most of the cream, is poured off and diluted ?' with an equal amount of pure water. To this mixture an ounce of milk sugar is added. The & quantity for a feeding is to be determined by the age of the child. [Authorities on vitamines

i disagree with this paragraph.—Ed.]

> A breast-fed baby is seldom troubled with l~' indigestion, unless fed too much or too often, i Bottle-fed babies are not always so fortunate in this respect. Sometimes the stream of milk ■' coming from the bottle is too large, and thus Hot mixed with the saliva. This is easily reme-i died by procuring a new nipple and making j smaller holes in it. Sometimes modified milk “7 should be given as though for a younger child, ;• the quality being rather rich for the little stom-5 ¹ ach. When the child is well over one year or eighteen months it may be given small quanti-ties of more solid food. But go slowly.

Babies as a rule are not given enough water to drink. In the morning instead of the usual _s bottle of milk, substitute for it a bottle of warm [ Water with a little sugar in it, to make it more i' palatable for baby. This will flush out the alimentary tract and prevent constipation. Never resort to the pernicious practice of giving sooth-’ ing syrups, or any other drug. When its bowels ' need attention give it an enema. Then there will be no danger of after-effects that prove ? harmful.

’ Never encourage a child to eat, a very common practice among parents but a very harmful one.

‘ It does not matter if two or three meals are *■ missed. When the appetite returns, the food eaten then will more than make up for what was ? lost by better digestion and assimilation. A warm bath and a long nap will set the child . right again.

Piecing between meals for older children is a bad practice. It causes indigestion and destroys appetite, which is the most important factor in digestion. The skin becomes sallow or very flushed, while the tissues become soft and the - teeth decay, the bowels are not normal, and the child becomes fretful. Many cases of summer complaint attributed to the heat or to fruit are the direct result of irregular or over-feeding. Observe regularity in feeding, sleep, bathing ; and the other requirements.

There is nothing so good to give a child for a bilious attack or cold as all the orange juice : it wants. This applies .also to very young in-fants. Do not feed your child with white bread, >\-or white-flour products, such as cookies, doughnuts, pies, or cakes. The elements for making      »

bone and teeth have been pilfered out of this       -

food. A child should never be given meat to eat till after the age of five years at least; and tea and coffee are not fit for any one, let alone a -; child. But see that the child has all the milk it can drink. The more milk children drink the ■' less other food they will eat, and milk is a perfect food for any one. See that between meals they drink plenty of water.

children’s diseases

It is the prevailing superstition that one cannot escape the contagious childhood diseases* such as mumps, whooping cough, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, and the like. Some are so stupid in this belief that they tell us that we should try to have them while young, “get them and have them over with,” assuming that every one is bound to contract them some time, and that they are less dangerous in childhood. Such people look upon sickness as a natural instead y of an abnormal condition.

Any trifling indisposition on the part of the child is often regarded as the forerunner of a contagious disease. “He is coming down with something,” the mother fears; and forthwith the child is coddled, drugged, bundled up, kept in the house for fear he will get some fresh air, etc., until the wonder is that he does not justify her fears. There is really no reason why a child should be sick at all. Children reared under proper conditions of life would not “catch” those diseases, even if exposed to them. It is the child _;' with the lowered vitality that is subject to them. ^z If good health is maintained, a power of resistance is established that effectually baffles disease.

Many times when a child is in seeming good health it consumes unwholesome food, or water, - ■ unnoticed by the mother, perhaps; and it is only when the child becomes ill as a result that any attention is paid to it. However, if it had only received the proper attention then, it undoubtedly would have escaped a serious sickness. But with the usual ignorance among parents in re- , gard to the laws of health and the nature of z' the trouble, the child is almost certain to receive

the wrong treatment, and is almost sure to have “something”. Windows are kept closed, extra clothing is put upon the child, and it is given every thing to eat it wants, because it is sick.

Of course the child grows worse. Then the doctor is called, who also proceeds to make matters worse with the usual drugs or “antitoxins”. If the child manages to live through this foolish treatment, the doctor is given the credit, and if it dies, well, “He did the best he could!” But he did not do the best he could. He should have removed the poisons from the child’s system, instead of putting more into it.

According to the mortality record of this country there are twenty-five thousand deaths a year from vaccination for smallpox, although death-rate from smallpox is lower than that of any other disease. Little victims who survive this vaccination fetish are many times made weaklings, are invalids, and at last they fill an early grave. And all for what? Because of norance in respect to these vital questions. 43

For sore throat apply alternately hot and ecO| applications over the affected parts. When the appetite returns, if the babe is young it may fed less often and given a bottle of water stead of the usual meals until it recovers itfifc^ normal condition. If it is an older child give MU at first all the fruit juices, of which orange ist;! best; then milk and some of the sweet fruits— dates, raisins, figs, prunes, etc.; observe a low proteid diet for some time after recovery.

If children are fed regularly, the food well*.’ balanced with plenty of fruit, if the bowels are"' kept normal, if they are bathed aften, and bur-r dened with as little clothing.as possible in or-' der to be comfortable, with fresh air to breathe a all the time night and day, and if allowed to play and exercise in the sun, the mother may consid* ” er her little ones quite immune to disease.

A Valuable Home Recipe By w. Canary

I KNOW of an instance where a capable physician who had tried the following recipe, and had found it valuable, sold the preparation for $5 per liquid ounce. It is specially valuable for mothers who have much trouble in trying to quiet their little ones. It is very good for indigestion and for correcting the children’s bowels ’ that they may sleep and rest. It is very simple and is worth any one’s while trying.

Take a few nice ripe tomatoes (not canned tomatoes) squeeze them into a pulp; squeeze in a rag all the juice from the pulp and strain the juice through another fine cloth. Then for every tablespoonful of the juice add one teaspoonful of granulated sugar and boil until about as thick as molasses.

For a small child 3 to 6 months old give of teaspoonful one hour and the milk the next hour. In a few days one can increase the tomato juice to teaspoonful, and in a month to a teaspoonful. This will correct the bowel trouble and cure indigestion. Moreover, your doctor’s bill will be nothing.

I have informed many mothers of this, and their report was that they had never found anything as good. A doctor tried it on his child, prostitution were brought to light during that sensation^ after he had consulted many specialists, but all al trial of a human fiend sentenced to death for Mr in vain. The result is that now his little one is crime.”                                      *

By Dr. H. C. Temple

ippi sent to him a substantial present; and the Apostle is here expressing his appreciation of this gift, and commending the spirit that prompted it. Apparently it provided for all his wants, so that he could say, “I am full”, I have abundance. It is this spirit of self-sacrifice for the good of others, the spirit of loving friendship prompting sacrifice, and his appreciation of this, that he calls “an odor of a sweet . smell”.

HOLY PERFUMED OIL

The holy oil with which the kings and priests of Israel were anointed, or set apart to their sacred office, was perfumed or scented with sweet spices. This holy anointing oil represented God’s holy spirit; and their anointing with it represented the anointing, or setting apart by God’s holy spirit, of Christ and the church for a sacred purpose. These" sweet spices with which the holy anointing oil was perfumed, we believe, represent certain endowments bestowed upon the anointed ones by God’s holy spirit.

The Lord gave Moses particular instruction in regard to making this holy anointing oil, found in Exodus 30:23, 24: “Take thou also unto thee principal spices of pure myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekelsj and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty shekels, and of cassia five hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of oil olive an hin”.

To understand the significance of these principal (sweet) spices, take for example Bezaleel, who was especially endowed by the spirit of the Lord for the work of building the tabernacle (Exodus 31:3), and who was a type of Jesus Christ, whom God anointed for the work of building the antitypical tabernacle, or house, “not made with hands, eternal in the heavens”. (2 Corinthians 5 : l)“See, I have called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. And I have filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship, to devise cunning work, to work in gold and in silver and in copper” (mistranslated brass).

We note that Bezaleel was filled with the spirit of God; that the holy anointing oil is a symbol of the spirit; and that this holy anointing oil was scented with myrrh, sweet cinna-378

mon, sweet calamus and cassia: also that wisdom, understanding, knowledge, and all manner of workmanship were the endowments of the spirit of God upon Bezaleel. We conclude, therefore, that the myrrh represents wisdom, sweet cinnamon understanding, sweet calamus knowledge and cassia all manner of workmanship. But Bezaleel was the type. Christ, the antitypical Bezaleel, received the real anointing of the . spirit of God in wisdom (myrrh), understanding (sweet cinnamon), knowledge (sweet calamus), and in all manner of workmanship (cassia).

This harmonizes also with the statement of the prophet Isaiah in his account of the anointing of our Lord with the holy spirit. “The Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him [oil], and the spirit of wisdom [myrrh], and understanding [sweet cinnamon], and the spirit of counsel and might [cassia], and the spirit of knowledge and the fear of the Lord [sweet calamus].” (Isaiah ll:2)Itwill he noticed that the statement“coun-sel and might” used here and symbolized by cassia, is equivalent to the statement “workmanship” as used in the case of Bezaleel.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING EQUIVALENT TO

WISDOM

We note that in the holy anointing oil there were five hundred shekels of myrrh, and five hundred shekels of cassia, and only two hundred and fifty shekels each of sweet cinnamon and sweet calamus. Why not five hundred shekels of cinnamon and calamus also? We answer: Wisdom (myrrh) is the proper application of knowledge (sweet calamus); a man may have . knowledge and yet be a fool if he improperly applies that knowledge; hence understanding (sweet cinnamon) is necessary to the proper application of knowledge; or a proper balance of knowledge and understanding is equivalent to wisdom. Thus five hundred shekels of myrrh (wisdom), five hundred shekels of sweet calamus and sweet cinnamon combined, (knowledge and understanding), and five hundred shekels of cassia (workmanship), to a hin of oil is equivalent to the full measure of the holy spirit with which our Lord was anointed.

The following from The Watch Tower of 1917, page 349, confirms our belief that Bezaleel was a type of Jesus Christ:

“The ancestry of Bezaleel, as mentioned here, is typical of the existence of Christ on the various planes He

Brooklyn. N.

' 'I

lived. Bezaleel was son of Uri, he in turn a son of Hur, and he in turn a son of Judah. Now Judah mean# -* praised; so was Christ praised in his prehuman exist⁴ A ence, referring to the glory He had with the Father ‘ before the world was. Hur, the next offspring, repre- _ sents Christ’s humiliation, as the word Hur means grave, so Christ humbled himself even unto death, yea, to the> ignominious death of the cross, down into the grave. From there He came forth with the right to life for every human being, and is the “Light of the world” John 1: 4), as Uri signifies light. And now He is the shadow of the Almighty, the robe of righteousness pro- -vided by God for us, as signified in the word Bezaleel, “Shadow of the Almighty”. Verse four says that this Bezaleel could devise cunning work to work in gold (the divine nature) and in silver (the spirit nature) and in copper (brass, the perfect human nature) show- . • ing Christ can complete work- on all these planes of existence.”                                                      e

Thus we see that when the anti typical Beza- . leel has completed his “cunning work” on the ] antitypical tabernacle, He will have worked out jewels of gold (144,000 — Revelation 14:1) in -the divine nature (2 Peter 1:4); and a great . multitude of ornaments of silver, in the spirit nature (Revelation 7: 9,14); and a world of copper, in the perfect human nature, the restor- . ed human race, in the divine image, as copper . resembles gold; and all perfumed with the “principal spices” in wisdom, in understanding, ^; in knowledge and in all manner of workman- _? ship; each perfected and scented in his own J-nature. “I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh.” < (Joel 22:28) So even the fleshly will be perfumed with spices.

WISDOM AND FOOLISHNESS           '

Myrrh does not represent the “wisdom of this . world” which the Apostle says “is foolishness i with God” (1 Corinthians 3:19); but it does represent the wisdom “that is from above”. It “is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be intreated, full of mercy and good fruits, ■ without wrangling, and without hypocrisy”. ’

This is not a description of

mixed spices „

the incense offered upon the

golden altar in the holy (Exodus 30: 34): "And the Lord said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet

spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum, these

sweet spices with pure frankincense: of each shall there be a like weight: and thou shalt make ' "

it a perfume, a confection after the art of the -apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy”. JThese “sweet spices” we learn from “Taber-f nacle Shadows of the Better Sacrifices”, page 120, represent by the perfume of burning, willing service, praise, willing obedience, apprecia-< tion, thanksgiving—all things done to the glory

of God. These spices of equal weight ground together were sprinkled by the high priest upon the hot coals in the censer upon the golden altar. The smoke ascending therefrom implied God’s remembrance of this willing, obedient service : to His glory.

t Revelation 5:8: “Four living creatures and < four and twenty elders fell down [reverently]

Before the Lamb, having every one of them • harps, and golden vials [divine vessels] full of odors, which are the prayers of the saints.” The odors which filled these “golden vials” had prob-_t ably been gathered from the antitypical burning of these antitypical (mixed) sweet spices.

Psalm 45: 7: “Thou lovest righteousness and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hast _r anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.” The anointing of the holy spirit, “the ^; oil of gladness,” perfumes with gladness the heart of the anointed one.

PERFUMED GARMENTS

In Psalm 45:8 we read: “All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia”. From the “Finished Mystery” we learn that aloes rep, resent patience. In this text “garments” may - refer to the robe of Christ’s righteousness, scented by divine wisdom (myrrh), and the patient endurance of our Lord (aloes and cassia), . in the carrying out of God’s purpose in providing such a garment: with which every child of • God must be clothed.

■   Again we read( John 19: 39) :“There came also

BEFORE the war even the Romanist women and children were boasting around the United States that after the conflict there was going to be only one religion, and that would beRome.

But the war ended in half the time that was expected and upset many an applecart of intrigue.              _:

Now it is not a boom in “religion”—which Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pound weight”. About a hundred pound weight would be all a man could carry; so Nicodemus was loaded down with “wisdom” and “patience” (myrrh and aloes) as he took the body of Jesus from the cross and embalmed it.

PERFUMED BEDS

In Proverbs 7:17 we read: “I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes and cinnamon”. My bed would be that upon which I rest, referring, we believe, to Bible doctrines upon which we rest in faith. The Christian should rest in faith upon doctrines perfumed with wisdom (myrrh), patience (aloes), and understanding (cinnamon). But the prophet Isaiah tells of other beds that are not thus perfumed. “For the bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it: and the covering narrower than that he can wrap himself in it.” (Isaiah 28:20) Pastor Russell says, “Studies in the Scriptures”, Volume IV, page GOS: “This may be interpreted to symbolize human creeds which are long enough for babes in Christ, but too short for a developed man, substituted for but very different from the doctrines of God’s Word whose length and breadth surpass human knowledge”.

The sweetly perfumed doctrine of God’s great love (John 3:16) pulls all the cover off and exposes the fallacy of the unperfumed and unholy doctrine of eternal torture, taught by the traditions of men. Yet these two doctrines lay side by side in all the unperfumed creed-beds of Christendom.

Then if we would rest in perfect peace beneath a covering of sufficient length and breadth, let us rest our faith upon doctrines, as a sure foundation, a bed perfumed with wisdom, patience and understanding.

means one in papal-empire interests—but a sad slump that is expected.

So says the Roman Catholic Bishop of Clifton, England. He preaches: “There will be much less religion in the world in twenty years time”.

Undoubtedly the Bishop has clearer vision of the drift of the tide than his brother of the cloth, the Reverend J. E. Rattenbury, of the West London Mission. At the Mission optimism

reigns supreme, unclouded by the least perception of facts as visible as thunder heads:

“It was a very silly remark for the Bishop to have made,” says the Reverend.

"No one can tell what the world will think of religion in twenty years time. Such prophecies cannot do any good, and they may do harm. A hundred years ago it was the generally expressed view of leaders of the Church that religion in England was dying out, and there followed the Evangelical revival. If I were going to add my prophecy, which I am not, I should be inclined to think that the probabilities are that there would be more and not less religion in England in the future. There is just now, in fact, a distinct revival of interest in this country in spiritual matters, and present-day tendencies certainly do not bear out the expression of opinion uttered by the Bishop of Clifton.”

When the preachers disagree, the man on the street must form his own opinion.

The Bishop is right. There will be much less Roman Catholic religion in twenty years.

The Reverend is right. There will be a mighty revival of religion within twenty, nay, within five or ten years; but it will not be by or through men of the cloth.

The day of the clerical garb is over. The lay -1 Christian is coming into his own. Ecclesiastic cism, its politics, its hypocrisies, its cant, its denials of Christ and of God’s Word, and its outright apostasy from true religion are about to disappear forever. With them will go both the Bishop and the Reverend, as ecclesiastical junk,' but to take their place, it is to be hoped, is the. world-wide host upon host of the Christian laity, who are already teaching and preaching true-: religion to every corner of the earth.

To the bats and to the owls with a worn-out ;■ effete religious system! is the hearty hope of every well-wisher of mankind. To the fore with • God’s laymen! is the shout from millions of people who already strain eager ears for the message of hope for humanity. The clerics have discarded the banner of the truth, but it has never touched the ground. Thousands and thousands of laymen with apostolic zeal have raised up the banner of the cross of Christ. By this sign the old must vanish and the new come into. its own.                                            '.’*3

IN THE Literary Digest for December 3,1921, is an article, "Casting Out Devils,” telling how Doctor Montagne Lomax, an alienist of repute, told a London conference of churchmen, called to discuss spiritual healing, that in spite of the popular skepticism of men of science and psychologists concerning demon possessions, he himself firmly believes that many cases of insanity are demoniacal possession.

The article goes on to explain how the advances in psychological knowledge are undermining the skepticism of nineteenth century materialism. Quoting the London Church Times it says: “We can believe, for example, in the existence of evil and malignant spirits, and be at the same time intelligent and up-to-date scholars”.

However, this intellectual change of front has not filtered down to the general public, whose prevailing attitude toward the unknown, is one of skepticism. Probably scientific men soon will soberly accept the view of demoniacal possession, and thus pave the way for a popular belief in Spiritism.

The public would be taught, not that the malignant influences are the fallen angels, hut that they are the disembodied spirits of wicked human beings. This would, however, conflict with the Purgatory teaching of the Roman Catholic church. Perhaps the failure of Spiritism to become popular with the masses has something to do with the attitude of the Papal church concerning it. If Spiritism is to become ascendant, it would seem that the Roman Church must somehow reconcile its doctrine to admit it.

Big Religion in Australia

A VISITOR in an Australian home inquired of his host’s little son, “Do you go to school now?”

“Yes, sir.”               .

“And what do you learn—reading, writing, -J

sums ? ”

“Oh, yes, and I learn religion, too.”

‘ ‘ Religion ? ”

“Yes, I learn the little religion which teaches-' that we all come from Adam. But my older ‘ brother is in a higher class; he learns the big religion and that teaches that we all come from monkeys.”                      -            ■

STUDIES IN THE “HARP OF GOD” ( ^JUD<LATEST^HBOOK^{tD S} ) ffTTI     With issue Number 60’ we began running Judge Rutherford’s new book,     II | Il

■JAg     “The Harp of God”, with accompanying questions, taking the place of both     aAs

Advanced and Juvenile Bible Studies which have been hitherto published.

' “Itnraortal means that which cannot die; something that cannot be destroyed in death. Soul ■ ' means a moving, breathing, sentient creature, . or being; a creature or being that possesses faculties and uses them. To understand whether - or not a soul is immortal it is first essential ■ that we determine from the Bible what consti-^p tutes a soul. “The Lord God formed man of the ? dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of lives; and man became a living soul.” (Genesis 2:7) The word soul is synonymous with the words being, creature, and man. The dust out of which Jehovah formed the body was °not conscious. It had no life in it.

5 After God had used these elements to form the man, He breathed into his nostrils the breath ■ of lives, which animated the body, caused the f lungs to begin to work, sent the blood tingling r through the arteries and returning through the / veins; therefore there resulted a moving, breath' ing, sentient being, a man, which is a soul. The body aside from the breath does not constitute

• the soul; but it requires the uniting of the breath with the body to constitute the soul. And when Hgi we separate the breath from the body the soul f no longer exists. The Scriptures do not say ■. that God breathed into this body immortality, ;■ but merely that the soul resulted by animating j the body after it had been created; and this I resulted from the breath which He breathed into p the nostrils.

f'  ⁶*A locomotive may be used as an illustration.

It stands upon the track with no fire in the box, no water in the boiler, hence no steam. We speak of it as a dead engine. Then the steam fee. is produced by heating the water; it is forced K into the cylinders, the throttle is opened, and Wb the machine moves. Withdraw the steam and it stops.

*^TJust so with man. When the body is formed yf it would be inanimate and inactive without ’A breath. When the breath of life is breathed into the nostrils and his organs begin to functionate, it is said that man then is a breathing creature;

■ ■ hence a soul. When he ceases to breathe he is Uead.

^5SMan is a soul. He does not possess a soul. Every creature that breathes is a soul. God applied the words living soul to the lower order of animals long before man’s creation. (Genesis 1: 20, margin) That all breathing creatures are designated as souls by Jehovah is proven by these words: “Levy a tribute unto the Lord of the men of war which went out to battle: one soul of five hundred, both of the persons, and of the beeves, and of the asses, and of the sheep”. ( Numbers 31 : 28) All souls die alike. “For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them: as one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; so that a man hath no preeminence above a beast: for all is vanity. All go unto one place; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again.” —Ecclesiastes 3:19, 20.

⁵Tn the manifestation of divine justice God said to Adam: “Of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat; . . . for in the day that thou eatest thereof, dying thou shalt die”. (Genesis 2:17, margin) This sentence was pronounced against man, the being, the soul. If there could be any doubt about this, it is definitely settled by another statement in the Bible which reads: “The soul that sinneth it , shall die”. (Ezekiel 18: 4) “What man is he that liveth, and shall not see death? shall he deliver his soul from the hand of the grave?”—Psalm 89:48.

QUESTIONS ON “THE HARP OF GOD”

Define immortality, fl 55.

Define the soul, fl 55.

State fully the Scriptural account of how the soul was created, fl 55.

Give some illustration of the soul, fl 56.

Docs man possess a soul? fl 58.

What ercatures beside man are souls? fl 58.

Is there a difference in the manner of the death of souls? fl 58.                                                  .

Give some Scriptures to show that the soul is not immortal, fl 59.

You Have Heard —

“millions now living will never die”

prove it to your own satisfaction

YOU may live forever on earth, but not by taking a spoonful of some new-found “elixir of life”;

On the contrary life forever on earth is promised to you and all of your friends; life for all, not merely for the few elect—saved ones.

To understand why this is so now will give you a new hold on life.                             .

Understanding, you wall not permit forebodings of disaster to take the edge from off your present joys and experiences in life.

The Bible sets these matters forth. You will profit by knowing what the Bible guarantees you. Further, you need not fear being “reformed” or puritanized. "

The Bible was given to all. It was intended to be understood by all. It was never intended for the exclusive use of the pious.

There is a thorough, short, yet comprehensive means of understanding what the Bible assures you provided in THE HARP BIBLE STUDY COURSE.

It is a study that -will point to the worth while things in life. It is a study that is no mere preachment.

THE HARP BIBLE STUDY COURSE complete includes: text-book ‘‘The Harp of God”; reading assignments; self-quiz student classes.

The Harp Bible Study Course, 68c, no further payments.

International Bible Students Association, Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A.