Contents of the Golden Age

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Labor anb Economics

Pohifs in the Coal Controversy

What Machinery Has Done on the Farm .......... 267

Valuable Work of the Bureau of Standards

.                   Social ato Ebsoatiokab

Personal Exp^ibnceb nr an Earthquake ...... . . . .

Penhsbubg-'s Knight of the .Twentieth CENTny . . .  -  .  ■  .

Gist oar ths Worm's'News . ........  , . .

Finance—CoMJjrr.es—’teANsyowAnox

Where Uncle Sam Flourishes

Florida Rush Continues ........

The Phosphate Beds of Morocco .............. £11

Diamond Mines in the Congo .....

Political—Domestic and Forkmin

Georgia Moves Away from Freedom

King Business Still on the Decline...... .

France’s Beign of Blood in Syria ....

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

Methmoicqt and Weathek Rb^istoi ...

Cyclones and Tornadoes . . . . . .... « _w, » . . » . . 198

, Equinoxes and Solstices

Eclipses and Oppositions . .                                   . . 189

The Wonders of the Moon ............... 3.99

Signs of a Sevbr® Wkrtkr ....... _b ........ . 202

Millennial Cmmatb May Cur.e S'imnOT.T

Unbest in Natote ...................

Edison Company Watch-es rre Wb.wwii ... . . . . . . . 205

Moas About Susas

Bemgion and Philosofht

How BiHy Sunday Rates Himself

Demons Baffle Scientists..............   . . 209

Good Sowikbs of Jesus Christ . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . 212

The Christian Soldier in Battle ........ ..... 21<3 Why the Christian is Keenly Interested r- .........

tbsj Return ou the Jews to Pat.k»t:'c .

Otomes in “The Harp of Gob" ..............

Published every other Wednesday at IS Coneord Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., tJ. 8. by .          WOODWORTH, HUDGIN'GS & MARTIN

fjepssrtner's mid PrepWetore Address: IS Oosiesrd Street, Brooklyn, X. F„ U. S. A. CLAXTON 3. WOODWORTH . . . Editor ROBERT J. MARTIN . BuHnass'Mansser WM. F. HVDGING8 . . S^e’y and Treaa.

'Fwb CBKsa a Cow—51.00 a Xsa* Kin Bbmixtakcss so TBB QOLDBX 'J’OSSISK OFFICBS: British ..... 84 Craven Terraee, Laneaartor Gate, London W. 2

■ '      ' Canadian '. ....... . SS-40 Irwin Avenue, Toronto; Ontario¹

Australasian ....... 4SS Collins Street, Melbourne, Australia South African ...... 6 Lelie Street, Cape Tews, South Airies RBtsred m esaoud-olass matter at Brooklyn. N. X„ under th* Ast of March 8, 181#

^a!- Golden Age

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Volume VII                       Brooklyn, N.Y., Wednesday, December 39,1525          '             Number IM;-

Meteorology and Weather Forecasting By c. e. stewart

TyETEOROIUGY is the science of the phe-1VX nomena of the atmosphere, especially those that relate to weather and climate; it has to do with the character of the weather and of atmospheric changes everywhere. It is an international science, as weather conditions of phenomenal character may start almost anywhere and go in any direction, though there are localities where they are more common, the more common being near the Himalaya mountains; and the usual direction of storms is from west to east, though hurricanes out of the West Indies often travel northward. Meteorology may also be said to be the science of observing, registering and classifying' various and varying climatic and atmospheric phenomena in connection with the planets of our solar system.

There are three methods of studying the phenomena of weather: (1) The short-range forecasting as done by the Weather Bureau; (2) the local readings of thermometer, hygrometer and barometer for immediate and close-range forecasting; and (3) the long-range, which takes into consideration the positions, conjunctions and oppositions of practically every member of our solar system. The last of these is the one which shall have our special attention in this article.

In sending out the generalities of weather conditions each day, the United States Weather Bureau bases its conclusions on reports from 240 stations in the United States and Canada, 22 in Europe, 36 in the West Indies and Central America, 17 in Mexico, 12 in the Pacific and Far East countries, and 9 in Alaska. Many of these reports come by radio and cable. The heralding of weather conditions has been and is a very important business of the government, especially for the farmer and stock raiser and shippers by land and sea.

Since the advent of the radio the reports are more accurate, in that sudden storm conditions are immediately dispatched. Radios on ships

shows Wat these are not wholly abnormal conditions but the things to be expected, because of the peculiar planetary positions in the whirling, shifting combinations of conjunctions and oppositions of the various planets. When over 90% of the earthquakes predicted actually take place within the quake periods specified, there is something in evidence besides guessing. This system is what we might call the Hicks System, which was brought to a high plane of accuracy by the late Rev. Irl R. Hicks, having its beginning over forty years ago.

If our solar system were composed of but two bodies, the sun and the earth, there would be nothing to disturb the peaceful climatic conditions prevaiMag over the whole planet, except that our atmosphere would be disturbed during sunspot periods. The seasons would come and go, blending quietly into each other at the equinoxes and solstices. But there are seven ether planetary bodies in our solar system besides our own hmar satellite which, with their eVerehanging movements, make up hundreds of combinations which must be reckoned -with, the greatest of which is our relatively near neighbor the moon.

There seem to be sun-spot cycles of inferior and superior influence, the former coming in 11.11 year cycles, and the latter in 55.6 year cycles. Tile next major sun-spot period is due in the winter of 1926-27. The power of the sun is incredible; it cannot be measured. Besides the light, heat and power which it gives off, harnessed and unharnessed, it has an estimated drawing power of sea water said to be at least one hundred and thirty quadrillion (130,000,000,000,900,000) tens each year.

The Gulf Stream is a miracle. It has been called an ocean river. It has more power than all other of the physical forces of the earth combined. It rises in the tepid waters of the Gulf of Mexico, flows into the Atlantic ocean, thence northward and loses itself in the Arctic ocean.

It is estimated that in one hour’s time the enormous sum of 90,000,090,000 tons of water pass a given point. If this single hour’s flow of water were evaporated the remaining salts would require many times more than all the ships in the world to carry them. As far north as 81 degrees, 29 minutes, soundings to a depth of 3,100 meters (nearly two miles) has shown the Gulf Stream still to be very warm. It is a great factor in the general warming up ©f the climatic conditions of earth. It and the Japan Stream play their parts in the amelioration of earth’s atmosphere. Both of these have been shifted by recent earthquakes, and no one knows the course each will take when affected by the next earthquake.

General Characteristics af Weather

fpXACTNESS in weather forecasting is an.

impossibility; but the forecasts of the Hicks System may be used, intensified or modified by local conditions, such as geographical position, proximity to lakes, rivers, mountain ranges, etc.; for all ef these enter into the proposition, and with familiarity with these, associated things one need not be far wrong in weather anticipations, especially if consideration is given to thermometer, hygrometer and barometer.

The storm periods of the Hicks System are coincident with the Vulcan periods, called regular and reactionary, modified or intensified by the position and relation which the other members of the solar system bear to it. The time when the storms of a period will strike any given locality depends upon where one is, as to east, west, or central parts of the country. Storms have a tendency to move across the- United States from west to east. When the moon is in north declination, i. e., north of the equator, the storms normally travel from southwest to northeast; and when the moon is south of the equator the storms will usually come out of the northwest and travel southeast. When the storm is cyclonic the wind direction will depend on the position of the cyclone. Cyclones cover large areas, move from west to east, the wind traveling east on the south rim, north on the east rim, west on the north rim, and south on the west rim, with, possibly a large eddy in the center.

All general storm areas in the United States form somewhere in the extreme west, southwest or northwest. At the approach of a storm period, Vulcan period, while high barometer and general anti-storm conditions may still exist over much of the country eastward, somewhere in the west the temperature will rise, the barometer will begin to fall, the wind currents -will shift to points that presage change and storm, cloudiness ensues and storm areas of rain or snow take up their march across the country eastward. As these storm conditions advance, anti-

Dbcbmbsb SO, 1925 storm conditions break down in front of them, and rise up behind them, giving us storms at the center of from two to five days’ duration.

Many of us have noticed that we may have a severe rain, say for instance at 3 o’clock on a certain day, and that then for three or four days the rain will recur a little milder and a little later each day until clear weather returns. This is caused by a perfectly plain planetary condition, the position that the earth bears to the inferior planets, Venus and Mercury. Not always when a storm area passes a given point will rain or snow fall to earth, but the storm will be indicated as passing overhead by the wind, temperature and barometer.

Before a storm period the normal condition is fair and warmer; the storm will pass, then comes clear and cooler weather. All these phases are realized in the west, early in the storm periods; a day or so later in central; and later still in eastern sections. This accounts for the different kinds of weather which will prevail over the country during a storm period. The average rate of speed of storm areas is about 600 miles a day, being of greater velocity in the colder months. The periodic swing of storm periods shows us when to look for fair days, which of necessity must predominate.

The tropics act as earth’s great ventilator which keeps the cool air rushing in from the poles, and the ozone-laden air from the continual electrical discharges is carried high up; as it cools it gradually spreads towards the poles and slowly descends and begins to travel back equatorward, being drawn by the centrifugal force of the earth’s rotation. Thus the process known as trade-winds goes on and on.

In the oceans there should be but few cold surface currents, and these only in shallow or partially land-locked places. Cold water is heavier than warm; and under normal conditions a cold stream of water flowing into a warmer one will go to the bottom and flow underneath, while a warm stream flowing into a colder body will keep to the surface. A normal circulation would evidently be one in which there is a steady flowing of the waters of the equatorial zones towards the poles, with a corresponding underneath flow of the cold waters of the polar regions towards the equator.

The movements of air and water currents help us to appreciate the glory and power and wisdom of God in His kindness thus manifested

m

towards the children of men. God made the earth to be inhabited; the physical facts show this besides the revelation of His plan as recorded in the Bible,

The National Weather Book, in its chapter on ^ffThe Solar System”, after showing that at times the solar system is pulled as much as 3,000,000 miles from its normal path by the planets grouping on one side of the sun, says in the closing paragraph:

That any properly informed, unbiased persons should doubt or deny that all meteorological phenomena are the direct products of astronomical conditions and changes, is a position that would be hard to explain or defend. Even those who make no claim to an astronomical education understand that all the changing seasons—■ summer, winter, spring and fall—with all the storms and weather peculiar to each season, grow out of the movements of the earth around the sun.

The causes for the varied movements of the planets are perpetual and according to fixed laws, shifting backward and forward from one part of the year to another, carrying their perturbing influence with them. Hence the same season does not bring the same storms and weather every year. Neither does any given cause carry with it summer weather into winter, nor winter weather into summer; but each in its own way intensifies seasonable weather.

The ecliptic is the apparent yearly path of the sun around the heavens, as it looks to us; but the ecliptic is in reality the path of the earth around the sun. The moon, by reason of its rotation around the earth, oscillates first inside and then outside of the earth’s direct path, which brings her between the earth and the sun at one time, and causes the earth to be between her and the sun at another. She also oscillates up and down, above and below the plane of the ecliptic, thus giving her path a corkscrew shape.

The moon’s path is never very far from the ecliptic; the swing from the ecliptic is never so far as the swing from the equator. If the moon’s new or full falls on the same day as her crossing the ecliptic there will be an eclipse. If new moon happens when the moon is on the ecliptic, the moon is between the earth and the sun, and the sun is eclipsed. When full moon happens on the ecliptic, the earth is between moon and sun, and the moon is eclipsed.

These eclipses are primary causes for earthquakes, violent storms, hurricanes or seismic disturbances, intensified ifthe electrical puU ia

concentrated in one locality, or modified if the electrical energy is spread ©ver large areas. Earthquakes sometimes follow even the shadow of an eclipse, as in the northeast part of the United States last February 28 th. i Earthquakes are more common, too, where there are oil wells in operation. .                          '■

Cyclones and Tornadoes                .

A CYCLONE is a vast area of low atmes-pheric pressure, with currents of air eir-cling aroundit and flowing into it with an upward tendency. All general storm disturbances are more or less cyclonic in their character. A large 'cyclone will sometimes cover as much as the entire United States, but at it travels east it will sometimes be central on land and sometimes out at sea.

In the northern hemisphere the general direction of the cyclone is from southwest to northeast. While the cyclonic disturbance is moving eastward the storms are raging at the outer edges in different extremes, whirling like a huge buzz saw, turning to the left as we in our minds face the north from a southern position. In the center of this mass there will be a calm; and these centers are not disturbed except, as the storm rims pass over them, the south winds on the front will carry warmth and the north winds on the rear will carry cold.

Following the lew pressure will come the high pressure, anti-cyclonic conditions, with cooler breezes from the northwest. Then comes the reactionary storm conditions, sometimes with renewed vigor, from the west, shifting to northwest. After the paroxysm, of a storm has subsided, if a dead calm sets in and the barometer shows no signs of rising, no matter if the sky is clear and the air is calm and balmy, those who understand those things will watch for the we,stern or rear -side of the cyclone to strike.

A tornado differs from a cyclone in that it is a small but exceedingly violent whirling point, comparatively local. When a tornado develops out of cyclonic conditions, it usually occurs on the south side and a little to the east of the center of down pr essure. ■ The violence .of a tornado is not. so much in the speed of the forward motion as. in_; the. whirling speed. A tornado has , been defined as being "The impingement of ether, Jutting down from space, cold and intensely charged with positive electricity, which is the

cause of low barometer, around which the warm air, negatively charged, circulates ascendingly from right to left”. . . .                    .

We are not to expect tornadoes all over the continent when they are predicted : they are of a very local nature and should be expected locally. Cyclones are larger, bat not damaging.

T5te Language of the Barometer

rpiIOSE who understand know that a rising barometer, west to north wind and cold, will bring clearing weather immediately behind the ■areas of low barometer and rain and snow. Eves before the actual storms, er areas ef cloudiness and precipitation, have passed east of the Mississippi river, and before the storm conditions have produced marked changes in the extreme east of the country, high barometer, northerly gales and cold, clearing weather, as a rule are found following on the heels of all marked winter storms from western and northwestern extremes.

A rising thermometer, with falling barometer, at or near full moon, will bring cloudiness with winds and ruin, especially in March. If the full moon is ©n the equator, there will be abnormal earth currents, variations of magnetic needles, static in radios and telegraphic disturbances.

If a very lew barometer lies along the southern border in the winter, with a bligaard and high barometer rashing out of the northwest, the cold and frost will reach far into the south. The lower the barometer and the warmer and brighter the weather as the storm conditions come on, the greater the danger of severe changes to storms and wintry weather. If the barometer is much below normal all over the country, the weather comparatively warm and rainy, the change to .rising barometer is almost certain to precipitate a rushing and dangerous cold wave, which will likely extend to the southern limits of the preceding. low barometer, even to the south coasts. ■

Equinoxes and Solstices

THE vernal equinox is when the days and nights are of equal length in March; the autumnal equinox is when the days and nights-are of equal length in September; the winter solstice is when the days are shortest in December; th© summer solstice is when the days are longest .in June.- In March the earth’s .equator is over the sun; in September the earth’s equator

is wider the sun. At these four-quarter marks of the earth’s passage around the sun there are more or less electrical disturbances and aggravation for the storm periods, March being the most severe and possibly December the least severe.                                                 . '

The crisis of the electricar and magnetic excitement in March comes usually between the 10th and 15th. If the moon is at perigee and at one of her quarter-posts at this season, then the disturbances are greatly increased. These earth periods extend over about six weeks; and the disturbances are more or less intense, according to the pull of other planetary influences.

The autumnal equinox is milder than the vernal; but should a Venus disturbance be combined with it, there will be a series of storm and weather perturbations out of the average. There may be sudden changes with phenomenal fluctuate ons of the barometer, and at such times shipping on the lakes and rivers is endangered.

The earth is 3,000,000 miles nearer the sun in December than in June; and the reason for the colder weather is that the sunshine comes to us on a slant from low in the south, with nights neatly twice as long as the days. The colder weather of January and February is caused by the accumulated cold which the sun has not yet been able to overcome. Likewise the heat of July and August is accumulated heat as the sun apparently passes back over his own track, which he made in reaching his summer solstice. Furthermore, the rays of the sun at that season are more direct upon the earth.

Eclipses and Oppositions

IT IS a fact that meteorological perturbations are increased at the eclipses of the sun and moon. These occur when earth, sun and moon are in a line;' for there is a direct intercepting and breaking of the electro-magnetic force or solar energy that forms a bond between the sun and every other body of our solar system. When planets are in conjunction or opposition, or both, the same thing results, but in a lesser degree. Even when the earth passes between the sun and so great a distant planet as Saturn there is a perturbation of our atmosphere caused by the earth swinging into the solar energy which plies between the sun and Saturn. If it is warm at such a time, the warmth will be prolonged, with dryness.

Sometimes planets will gather on one side of our earth and exert such a pull on the electromagnetic ether that plays between the sun and the earth that cold will result, which is quite unseasonable and which is otherwise unaccounted for. The oppositions, conjunctions/ equinoxes, and quadratures of Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn have a distinct effect upon the earth, and the movements of Vulcan and the moon are the great factors in causing variety. The oppositions of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn bring dryness; and when Mercury and Venus are at inferior conjunction we have wetness.

The direct cause of storms and weather phenomena on our globe lies in the sun. If its great energy were not sometimes excited to a maximum, and at other times modified to a minimum, we could reasonably count on the same kinds of storm and weather during the same months and days of each year. The solar energy is augmented or modified, in its effects on the earth, by the presence or absence of the perturbing equinoxes of the other planets. All these equinoxes are perpetually shifting their times into all parts of our year. Storm and weather changes shift with them.

Our sun is small compared with some of the other suns or stars outside of our solar system. Yet there are 2,357,127,702,000 square miles on the surface of this magnificent and powerful body; and the mass of matter contained in it is 332,160 times greater than that of the earth. No wonder its influence is so great upon our planet, though its distance be about 92,000,000 miles away from us! But we know also that such energy of light, heat and power that we get is to a large extent dependent upon the valency of our earth; for it is the unit of attraction, the drawing power or affinity, that the sun and earth have for each other, that makes it just as it is. Who will deny that there is superior, infinite knowledge and wisdom back of such an arrangement as this?

7 he Wonders of the Moon

THE moon accompanies the earth, swinging around it in corkscrew fashion, about 240,000 miles away, year in and year out. The light we get from it is reflected light from the sun. When it begins to rise between us and the sun it is at new; it gradually increases until it fulls

pectancy. As a rule, when the moon is en the , equator the storm periods d® not bring changes of temperature; but at such times electrical storms are much more liable, even in winter.

If, during a storm period (Vulcan period) the moon is either full or new on the equator, er at north or south declination, the storm will be severe, with rain or snow and strong winds. If this is embraced within a Mercury or Venus period, dr both, the intensity is increased ae-cording to relative positions. New and full moons on the equator come at the equinoctial periods, and therefore cause perturbations out of the ordinary as compared with other seasons of the year. Electrical storms, earthquakes, cyclones, seismic disturbances and other pho-nmnena are the normal things to expect at the

, earth’s equinoxes. If it is in the spring leek for heavy snow and blizzards in the west and north; if in the autumn look for rains and wind out of the west and south.

When the moon is at full, in perigee (point nearest the earth) and north declination, the tides and tidal waves reach phenomenal proportions on the North Atlantic; a reversal of this in the south makes high tides for the southern hemisphere. When the moon is on the celestial equator (over earth’s equator) in any of its phases the tendency is toward increased storminess, cloudy and threatening weather, electrical displays, and changes to warmer or cooler, according to season and other causes.

Thunder showers and gusts of wind are always liable in summer during the moon-on-the-equator days, intensified according to the positions of Mercury and Venus. If barometric pressure is uncommonly low anywhere, especially in the southern states at such times, the storm will b® sharp and quite severe.

Vulcan, Mercury, Venus

WHETHER there is actually a planet Vulcan close to the sun’s rim matters not.

There is certainly between the sun and Mercury some periodic influence which marks off time so precisely, causing atmospheric disturbances so pronounced, that weather predictions may be based upon it. The Vulcan period is the regular storm period ; in between these periods are the reactionary periods. A Vulcan period runs for five days, with an interval of about seven days.                            .

electrical storms, thunder and hail, come near the Venus equinoxes. High winds and often tornadoes are characteristic of such times. The heaviest downpours of rain are liable to come within the Venus brace.

These storm periods are introduced with warm weather for the season, rapidly falling , barometer; and they close with rushing eu>-rents of air from the northwest with changes to - ■ unseasonably cold weather. If the moon is on the equator or at new during such storms, force , will be added to the change to colder. Venus, _; Mercury and the moon in combination for max- < imuna storm conditions prolong the storms <and make them more universal.

Storms will be characterized by violent gales ; on the great lakes and Gulf of Mexico. West .• Indian hurricanes and tornadoes are also move . commoB under these conditions. Nothing short of heavy downpours of rain with lightning need be expected.

. Mun, Jupiter, Seturn

fipiIB conjunctions of Vulcan, Mercury and •

Venus, as we have seen, bring wet weather upon the earth. Now we will speak of the in- • fluence of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. These. ' latter are outside the earth’s orbit; and when they are in opposition ©r exerting their equineo _; tial influences, dry weather is the result. Whan the “wets” and “drys” are exerting their influence simultaneously upon the earth there is a great electric strain, which may lie relieved by. . heavy storms here and there on land and sea . or by seismic disturbances, earthquakes, or by

Volcanic eruptions. During the periods of these great strains upon the earth something meat break loose somewhere.

As a rule, the general character of the weather upon entering a Mars equinoctial period will continue throughout the period. If it is warm it will stay warm. Storm clouds may appear, there may be gusts ©f wind and dust, but very little rain will fall. Do not forget, however, that the moon has a voice in the weather program; and if she is in any of her phases on the equator os at perigee, she will be heard. Mars will not retard any storm condition, but will serve as an exciter, with a marked tendency toward dryness.

Jupiter is larger than all other units ®f ©us ' planetary system combined, and with his several moons has a little solar system of his own. if *

is during the Jupiter equinoxes that we have the greatest weather disturbances. During such equinoxes all weather phenomena caused by the other members of our system are greatly increased and prolonged, except that the trend is toward dryness. Vulcan, Mercury and Venus may be unitedly pulling for rain; yet Jupiter’s influence will be neutralizing the rainfall, and yet will cooperate with the other planets in causing heavy gales, seismic disturbances, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. The Jupiter periods bring more heat in the summer and more cold in the winter.

The influence of Saturn is less perceptible than the other mentioned planets, because of his great distance from the earth. Nevertheless, during a Saturn period a tendency to dryness is noticed. It has been discovered that there are earthquake cycles, periodic times when great earthquakes are more liable than at others; and these correspond almost exactly with the Saturn equinoxes. Uranus and Neptune, because of their great distance away, exert no discernible influence upon earth’s weather.

Characteristic Monthly Changes

THE periodic changes in relationship between the earth and the sun, from month to month throughout the year, lead to characteristic weather conditions that may be expected in regular sequence, unless altered by other disturbing factors. For example, violent tornadoes may be looked for over the Mississippi valley during the last half of May each year. Daily storms may set in, recurring for several days at about the same hour, during May, winding up with a heavy rain storm, wind and thunder, quickly changing to high barometer and cooler weather.

Electrical and magnetic forces are excited 'during the first half of June. The earth currents are abnormal at this time, and disturb all wire and wireless communication; smouldering volcanoes are stirred up; and the atmospheric currents are erratic, so that the June solstice storms often rush in from unexpected quarters. The great displays of lightning at this time are mostly harmless, unless a thunderstorm is raging. These electrical displays, as someone has said, “are conserving a wise and munificent purpose of God in adjusting atmospheric changes and conditions so vital to plant and animal life at this time of the year.” 'While April showers bring May flowers, June is the month of greatest rainfall. During June, if there is the cooperation of the inferior planets, the electrical display and rainfall will be intensified. In July come the most ominous-looking clouds, often passing with gusts of wind and little rain. What heavy downpours of rain come will extend over very limited areas.

March, of course, has a bad reputation. It is caused by the breaking up of winter, the sun .. crossing the equator northbound, and by the cold currents of surface air going south and currents ' of warm air in higher altitudes going north. These fight and clash each other as the fighting line passes over the country from south to north at this time, until Jack Frost is compelled to hibernate in the far north.

The planetary eclipses and oppositions furnish the general causes lying back of weather phenomena; while the trusted barometer, hygrometer and thermometer give the local conditions as they exist day by day. Both factors must be considered in making forecasts. But regardless of whether rain comes in any given locality during a storm period, “the machinery of nature will conform to the periodic law that governs storm movements—the wheels of the weather-mill will go round in their accustomed way . . . whether there be moisture and electricity enough in the ‘hopperi to grind out a rain or thunder storm or not”

Signs of a Severe Winter

SIGNS of a severe winter seem to multiply.

In the eastern part of the United States there were said to be only three days of sunshine last month, and on those days for only thirty percent of the time. Both in America and in Britain there were gales of seventy-five miles an hour with much damage. Rains in London, in October and November were the heaviest known in many years. The storms on the Atlantic have been unusual thus far.

May Come Suddenly

which, will create a hothouse condition and make the .earth' again a paradise everywhere, as it was in Eden in the long ago.

The position is taken that the United States cannot continue to burn four billion cubic feet of petroleum every year, and the world cannot continue to burn one and one-third billion tons of coal, without the gases going somewhere. The logical place for them to go is upward until they reach a state ©f equilibrium; and the Lord has evidently so arranged matters that this state of equilibrium is reached just beyond the limits of rarefaction where men can live, and the blanket is coming just at the time when He needs it, if He is to care for all the billions that have gone down into death.

The myriads of resurrected humans will have to eat. Most of what they eat will be grown on soil that is now unused. With changed climatic conditions even the soil about the poles may become gardens of fertility, as geology shows that it once was. Those who are willing t© see have fresh proof every day of the wisdom of God and of His interest in humanity

Personal Experiences in an

J HAVE thought, as many people do, that earthquakes are interesting; but now the people who live in Santa Barbara and vicinity realize, better than they did, that to see and feel and hear a really severe earthquake is a tremendous and awe-inspiring experience.

When the earth shakes and trembles and jerks and twists as it did here on the morning of June 28th, fifteen or twenty seconds seem a long time. ¥ve know of people here who thought that the last great day had come. Of course individual conditions and experiences were not all the same. In the majority of buildings, large and small, while the earth was going through the convulsions of the quake, pandemonium seemed to reign. I have heard a number of people say that there seemed to be something Satanic about it. Some said that it seemed as though a great monster were shaking the earth as a dog would shake a rat.                           .

There are terrible -sounds which accompany such an earthquake and whieh are impossible t®

Earthquake Helen Mundy

describe. In some of the settling quakes which have come at intervals since the hard one, there has been noticed, first, a distant rumbling seed, followed by a trembling of the earth and thf?n by a sudden sharp shock. Sometimes a sudden jerk comes first and the shaking afterwards.

Even where avails did not fall or the house was not thrown from its foundation many people were more or less bruised by being thrown to the floor or against pieces ©f furniture. My house is a small wooden bungalow, and it was not moved from its foundation, and the chimney did not come down.

I had been up a few moments, and was still in my nightdress, when the quake began. I was standing near an open door between two rooms when the shock same, and I did the only thing I could do to keep on my feet: I held tightly with both hands to the door casing. A large heating stove, similar to an open-front Franklin, was moved, several indies from its place; and the stove pipe fell down. This of 'course, waa a small matter, but it added to the din. A lamp on a table went down to the floor, and the shade crashed in pieces at my feet. Books were thrown from the shelves, and dishes from the cupboard. Vases were upset and some of them broken. Similar things happened in adjoining rooms, but I cannot tell now what went down first.

There was a lull of about a second or two in the middle of the quake, and then it began again as hard as before.

, After it was over I ran out of doors and into (the middle of the street, to get as far as possible Srom the house in case a quake should come again.

Some much lighter quakes soon followed the first one, but after fifteen or twenty minutes I ventured back to the house to see what the quake had done there.

I have a good-sized clock, with pendulum, which hangs against the wall. After the quake the clock was still hanging, but many degrees from plumb. It had stopped, and the hands were pointing to the fateful moment when churches, schools, hospitals, banks and all kinds of business places and some houses, too, were -wrecked. ' In one place a “grandfather’s clock” was moved out some distance from the wall, and stood on the rug right side up with care.

Almost immediately after going into the house I heard the excited cries of the neighbors and went out, expecting to see a fire, as that seemed the most probable thing to come. It was not a fire however, but a flood of water from a large reservoir in which the city kept a supply of water stored. The quake had broken the reservoir, so that a great wall of water had rushed down a canyon, tearing up great trees by the roots and gathering many kinds of debris as it went. The water followed the creek bed and bordering lands till it was stopped by a bridge a block east of this place. The water sought the lower land; and when it reached my front yard, it was about a foot and a half deep.

Not knowing how much water might be coming, the people left their houses, where they could. Some got away in their cars. Others climbed fences and ran for higher ground. Some of the neighbors a block from here waded in svater three feet deep. The water covered the whole of my lot, taking down about ninety feet of fence and burying it under mud and debris. Q?he people in this neighborhood suffered more from the flood than from the immediate damage done by the quake.

It is difficult to state just what I thought and felt during the fifteen or more seconds of that furious shaking. I do not know that I even thought a prayer; but I did have a comforting consciousness that what war taking place was a part of what must come at the beginning of the new age; and that “the earth abideth forever”.

It seemed that no building could stand the strain very long and not be wrecked. Institutions, churches, business houses, etc., suffered most in the quake, while much less damage was done to residences. And there was a surprisingly small number of people lulled. (Likewise, at beginning of the Millennium, ecclesiasticism and big business first suffer, and judgment of individuals will come later.)

Generally speaking, it was the larger buildings, especially the ones made of brick and concrete, which could not stand the shaking. Still, some of the larger buildings were little hurt, because they were properly built.

We still think that earthquakes are interesting, and many people express the wish that they might experience one, under specified conditions, yet we are convinced that one really hard one would be enough to satisfy most people.

The- people here are still startled by sudden noises, or a slight jarring of the house or the chair they occupy. Children who were old enough to be frightened, were very nervous for weeks after the earthquake.

Of course many individual experiences, including narrow escapes from injury or death, will never be published. I have heard of more than one instance in which a portion of a brick chimney went down through the roof to a bed which had been occupied by some one only a few seconds before.

Many strange things happened during the quake. In the San Marcos Building a large mirror, without a frame, went down three stories into the basement and was not broken. In one home there were several dishes of food in the oven of a gas stove. The quake opened the oven door, threw out the dishes of food, and left the door closed.

The quake was hard on the contents of china closets and canned-fruit cupboards. It is a sorry sight to see fruit and preserves and broken

JSffiCBMBaB 80, 1825

glass mixed together, and it mates the housewife feel sorry to see her treasured china and glassware carried away to the dump heap.

A number of people said that the ground during the quake rose and fell, with a progressive movement, like the waves of the sea. This is supported by the statements of those who say that when they tried to walk, the ground or the floor, as the ease might be, came up to meet them; and that when they tried to take another step they could not reach the floor.

The reports of the great damage done to ths eity are not exaggerated, Many was come here from ether parts of California say that conditions. are much worse than they expected to find them. The city is in need of help from those who are interested and able to help in the reconstruction work.

There has been so much published about the Santa Barbara earthquake that I do not know if these few personal experiences and thoughts will be of interest or informing. But the earthquake is still a subject of keenest interest to ail residents of Santa Barbara.

Unrest in Nature

ONE of our Canadian subscribers has sent ns the following interesting clipping:

“European unrest” is spreading to nature itself, and Europe is naw puzzled with strange manifestations of upheaval and decay.

France’s government scientists are studying the recent phenomenon of a plateau rising in the Bay ef Biscay, discovered when mariners taking soundings found they were almost agrousd at a spot where normally they should have had deep water.

This is only one of a series of mysterious occurrences in nature noted throughout Europe recently.

For instance, one side ef that tremendous pile of rock, the Matterhorn, in. Switzerland, has commenced to “move”. Inhabitants of half a dozen villages have been ordered from their houses to escape the danger of falling rocks and a guard of troops has been scattered through the district to warn off mountain climbers. Near Greece, on the island of Santorini, a supposedly extinct volcano has suddenly broken forth into violent eruption throwing smoke, lava and burning stones to a great height and causing a panic among the population. Many of the inhabitants have fled from the viae-dad island, fearing that mors violent eruptions and a disaster would overtake them if they remained. .

Heligoland, the mighty pre-war island fortress at t&a German Empire, is reported crumbling.

Twenty-five acres of the Isle of Wight have part faBca into the sea. Three villages on the shore ef the Isle will-shortly have to be moved further inland, while geologists report that the ocean is making inroads against the shore-line of the entire island at the rate of more than a yard a year.

The statuarf and copings of the Houses of Pariidn meat have suddenly succumbed to a mysterious attack of destructive gases in the air and are crumbling and falling at an alarming rate. Under the same sort of attack, the dome of St. Paul’s cathedral has developed-dangerous points of weakness.

Meanwhile the waters of the North Sea have become warmer than for many years, and tunny fish, sharks and other semi-tropical species rarely known in this region, have appeared this summer in large numbers in tha Channel.

Edison Company Watches the Weather

THE New York Edison Company and the Brooklyn Edison Company, the gold-dust twins whose duty is to make the greater city spick and span by flooding it with light and furnishing electric power for its many industries, maintain a miniature weather bureau of their own. They have a number of barometric stations situated at advantageous points far beyond and on all sides of the cities’ limits, which automatically report to the light companies the approach of rainstorms or cloudiness.

It is important that the powerhouses receive Buch information at least two hours in advance so that they can start up additional dynamos and generators and be in position to supply the extra demand for current which is always made upon it immediately the clouds begin to settle over the metropolis. Everybody turns on additional lights as soon as daylight is dimmed by cloudiness, and within a few moments the usual daytime demand for current has doubled er trebled.

Not only do these automatic weather stations report the approach of storms by the ringing of a bell at the powerhouse, but the bell rings louder and louder as the storm approaches.

the Twentieth Century

point” contained “anything that would open a denominational or 'sectarian discussion”; because it mentioned “Russellism” as such only eighteen times in the whole letter.

The Knight of the Twentieth Century is the soul of courtesy and Idndness to the two Chris-Gan young women who have been entertained in his home, and whom he takes occasion to mention in the first and last paragraphs of his brief 2,184 word letter. He wants to be fair, this Ptmnsburg gentle man.

The only terms which he uses respecting the Bible Helps in which these young women ape , interested which might hinder anyone from having proper regard for them are merely that they are preposterous, rank, unchristian, bosh, nonsense, uncharitable, cheap stuff, contemptible drivel, ridiculous pipedreams, illogical juggling, erratic, artificial and ridiculous, fanciful and spectacular hairsplitting, insane pretended knowledge. The Knight uses no other objection- ,. able terms, unless some one might take exception to his reference to “Russell's hand-made Christ ■ of putty” or his expression “Rats”.

Toward the young women themselves, who have given their lives to the service of the Lord, he does not seem to have directed any shafts worse than to merely refer to them as dreamers, mentally unfortunates, misled and deluded workers, arrogantly and sanctimoniously putting forth Pharisaism. The Knight of Pennsburg is a Christian! Good Knight!!

But now reverting to the editor of the “Mail Bag”. We do not know whether the editor of the “Mail Bag” is Mr. Hillegass, the regular editor of Town and Country, or whether the associate editor, Reverend George W. Lutz, cares for the “Mail Bag”. About Mr. Hillegass we know little except that he permitted Pennsburg’s Valiant Knight to reveal his prowess in a one-sided fight against two young women. But we do chance to know something of interest regarding the Reverend Lutz.

The Reverend Lutz is on record, written record, too, that the teachings over which the Sir Knight raved for twenty odd pages are “advanced and intelligent views”. In conversation with the mother of one of the two dispossessed young women, to quote her words, “He told me personally that he would be only a voice in the darkness were he to say anything from the pulpit.”

The Gist of the World’s News

(Radiocast, 'with other items, from Watchtower WBBB on a wave length of 272.6 meters by the Editor.J

Points in the Coal Controversy         .-■;■■_

IN THE anthracite mining district, according

to John L. Lewis, one man in six is injured every year and laid up for twenty-five days. For his work the man receives -from $4.62 to $5.96 per day. The mine labor cost of anthracite coal is $4.62 per ton. The consumer ordinarily pays an increase of upwards of $10 per ton ever these costs. The $10 or more go to the railroads which are, in effect, the real owners of the anthracite mines. They also charge more for transporting the coal than they should be allowed to do. When the miners asked for more money the operators had on had 7,000,000 to 9,000,000 tons of coal, for which they have been getting several dollars a ton more than when the suspension took place. Moreover, by substituting round-hole screen for square-hole screen and, in addition, reducing the sizes of the mesh, they are picking the pockets of the public to the extent of some fifteen million dollars annually. It is folly to talk of burning bituminous coal in heating plants made to use hard coal. The poor in New York City, who must buy coal by the scuttle ®r the basket, are at this moment paying for it $30 to $35 per ton. The rich who have their bins filled will not suffer. The poor will.

Who is to Benefit as Machinery Improves?

AT ITS convention in Atlantic City the American Federation of Labor has in substance taken the position that when machinery improves, and enables the worker to turn out mor®, some of the benefit must go to the workers, some to the owners of the machines, and some to the public in the form of lower prices for the goods. Unless the purchasing power of workers is kept at a high level it standsrto reason they cannot make good'customers. It is obviously unfair and impossible that the production of workers should increase and that at the same time their buying power should decrease or remain sta~ tionary. .                          .

What Machinery Has D&ne on the Farm

SEVENTY-FIVE years ago in the United.

States an agricultural worker could care for twelve acres of land.' Now, in places where the conditions are the most favorable totb as re-

spects the nature of the soil and the kind of machinery selected, a single worker can care tor three hundred acres, and do it in an eight-hour day and without drudgery.            ■ : . .

Where Uncle Sam Flourishes

IN THE last three years Uncle Sam has more than doubled his foreign trade in brass, bronze, agricultural machinery and implements, automobiles and parts, raw cotton and paraffin wax. He has added more than fifty percent in the same time to his trade in gas and fuel oil, refined copper, typewriters, paints, pigments, varnishes, tools and fish; and large and steady gains have been made in the sale of medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations, books, maps, wheat flour and cured hams and shoulders.

Americans Pay Double for Bread

HE point has been brought to light that the price of bread in London is a little less than half of what it is in the city of Fargo, North Dakota, in the heart of the world’s greatest wheat belt. The London bread is made of wheat grown in the neighborhood of Fargo. Less for labor and less profits keep British prices down.

Fifty Cents for a Penny Tomato

IN THE New York American Mr. Hinman

■tells interestingly of seeing tomatoes sold in the field for $1 a basket, or about one eerti each, and then of going to a hotel not more than five miles away, where he saw no larger or better tomatoes sold for fifty cents apiece, baked. But the purchaser of the baked tomato besides paying for the food had an-incidental temporary interest in electric lights, elaborate linen and table service, an orchestra, a tenor singer, and an acre or so of lobbies, lounges, etc., all of which went into the price.

Valuable Work of Bureau of Standards

ASA result of a conference ©f manufacturers arranged by the Bureau ©f Standards the thirty-six varieties of building tile in use in th@ United Steles were reduced to nineteen; ths sixty different sizes ef roofing slate were reduced to thirty; kitchen'boilers from 130 to 13: woven wire fencing from 552 designs to 69. Lumber lias also been regraded.

Wood is Going Out of Use

THE New York Times presents an interesting article showing that wood is going out of use for buildings of all sorts, cooperage, boxes, bridges, carriages, wagons and farm implements. In 1921 the cut of timber was twenty percent less than it was in 1899. Construction today is of concrete, brick, and stone, and steel. The mineral output of the country increased sevenfold in the third of a century preceding 1914, while the population has scarcely doubled.

Keeping Tabs on the Movers

LL the cooking in New York City is done with gas. So every family has to have a gas meter, and the family cannot get gas connections without signing up for the meter with the gas company and leaving a deposit. Thus the gas company knows at all times what changes in tenantry are taking place. In the two weeks, ending October first forty thousand families shifted their dwelling places. The changes were greatest in the high-rent areas.

More About the Autogyro

THE autogyro, invention of the Spaniard de la Ciervi, may revolutionize flying. Not. only did the machine travel at as low a speed as twenty miles an hour without lowering its height, but it was demonstrated that landings can be made flat, i. e., with engines shut off. It is even claimed that the machine, if fitted with reverse gear, will fly backwards as well as forwards, and can be used to hover over any desired place and land in any desired spot. Captain Courtney, the aviator who tested the machine at Farnsborough, England, is enthusiastic in his declaration that the device is extremely easy to handle in the air.

New York’s Four-Year-Old Fireman

FOUR-YEAR-OLD lad caught on the top floor of a three-story apartment house by the breaking out of a fire in the basement, tried to make his way down the stairs. On the' landing of the second floor he found a little girl lost in the smoke, crying. He took her by the hand, led her back up the stairs to his own floor, and succeeded in getting her into a room, shutting the door and raising the window, from which later both were rescued. His name is Frank Campagna.

Leavenworth Convicts Will Receive Wages

T THE Leavenworth federal penitentiary a new million dollar shoe factory has been opened, where the convicts -will make shoes for the army and navy. The factory has a capacity of about three thousand pairs per day. The seven hundred convicts employed in this work will receive some wages, small though they are, which will be sene out for the maintenance of their families or reserved for their own welfare when released.

Even Armored Cars Do Not Avail

ONE would suppose that it would be safe to transport a sum of money three blocks from one bank to another in the heart of Buffalo at nine fifteen in the morning, especially if the money was carried in an armored car guarded by two armed men. But such proved not to be the case. A gang of six killed the chauffeur, wounded the twm guards and escaped with $93,000. In their flight they dropped one bag containing $24,000.

Smoking a Cause of Menial Inefficiency

NTIOCH college has just made a careful study of the effect of tobacco upon scholarship. Of twenty-three men dismissed for low scholarship twenty were smokers. It was found that heavy smokers have lower grades than light smokers. Smokers who inhale have lower scholarship than those who do not. Smokers who remain in college fall steadily in scholarship.

American China Stronger Than Foreign

JT COMES as somewhat of a surprise to know that the strongest china is of American make. The Bureau of Standards has proven this in a series of exhaustive tests. It has been experimenting to see what can be done to reduce the expense of breakage of dishes and glasses. The replacement of dishes and glassware in the largest hotels runs as high as $1,000 a week.

Florida Rush Continues

OTHINGr to equal the rush into Florida has ever been seen in the world. In the latter part of October there were fifteen thousand cars of freight crowding the tracks of the Florida roads south of Jacksonville, mostly filled with building material; and the railroads are having a strenuous time to handle the situation.

Duke University Will Be the Richest

WHEN James B. Duke founded the tobacco trust he subsisted on an income of $1000 a year and lived in a hall room as cheaply as possible, so that he could put as much as possible back into the trust. Just before his death he presented the Duke University with an endowment of $80,000,000, making it the most richly endowed American educational institution.

Georgia Moves Away from Freedom

IT IS a singular law which Georgia has passed that makes it illegal to entice labor from an employer by offering a higher compensation. It is still more singular that the Supreme Court of that state has confirmed the legality of the act. Of course, the object of the law is to prevent Northerners from hiring Georgia’s Negro laborers. It is slavery in a mild form.

Mr. Joyce Would Teach Honesty

Mb. Joyce, chairman of the National Surety

Company, would teach honesty. He says the crime loss in the United States is $3,500,000,000 a year, and that most of the offenders are youths. We wonder -whether he ever heard of the Teapot Dome affair; and whether we are to believe that those hoary politicians and financial crooks were all in their teens.

The Millionaire of the Present

A LITTLE while ago the millionaire was a man whose total assets amounted to a million dollars. Now we have in the United States seventy-four persons whose net incomes are a million dollars a year. The fortunes of each of these persons if put out at compound interest (and any Trust Company will do that for them) would amount to not less than seventeen billion . dollars in a hundred years, and collectively they would be worth about four times all the present wealth of the country.

How Billy Sunday Rates Himself

THE Portland, Oregon, Journal tells of a recent vaudeville performance in that city at which Mr. William A. Sunday, generally known as Billy Sunday, reduced a kitchen chair to kindling wood, and after the chair was thoroughly demolished exclaimed that there would not be a devil this side of hell if he were Ged for twenty-four hours. By this statement Billy seems to suggest that in his mind he is superior to God or else that God is inferior to him. He needs a rest.

Demons Baffle Scientists

THE demons or devils who infest the atmosphere of our earth have the power to obsess certain spirit mediums, usually women, and draw out of their organisms bands of living cells which they transform into shadowy hands. With these they ring bells, play tambourines, and do other tricks at a distance of several feet from the medium. Boston scientists have been investigating such manifestations of the work of these devils, but seem unable to understand the phenomena which they describe. Some time they will come to see that the Bible has the key to this great mystery.

Demons Have Power to Stop Blood

THE demons or devils who infest the earth’s atmosphere have the power to suspend the flow of blood in a medium who gives himself over to their tender care. An Egyptian has been entertaining Paris by allowing needles and even knives to be thrust into his flesh without the loss of blood. All these manifestations of demons have as their object the destruction of reason and of faith in the Bible as the Word of God. But the Bible alone contains the true explanation of how these miracles of the devils are performed. Better keep a-way from these shows if you want to stay out of the insane asylum. This word in time may save your reason, as the party in question is headed for America. When last heard of he was in London.

Demons Operate Ouija Boards

THE demons or devils who infest the earth’s atmosphere have the power- to operate certain mechanical devices, among them being the ouija board, a Russian invention, and the plan-chette. Millions of people have been drawn into contact with these demons by paying attention to these apparently innocent toys. They are not toys, but contrivances by which the demons make their presence known. The demons prefer not to be known as such, but palm themselves off as the spirits of those who are really and actually dead and awaiting the resurrection. These demons were never human beings at any time, and they were never in hell. In fact there is nothing in the Bible to show that any devil was ever iu hdl at any tin®. The hell of the Bible means the grave. The. place where these demons exist is in the atmosphere of our earth. Over and over again the Lord warned the Jews set to have anything to d© with them.

King Business SHU on the Decline

THE king business goes from bad to worse.

The latest sovereign to be told to seek some other line of work is the Shah of Persia. The decision to tell the Shah to stay away from Persia was carried by a vote of eighty to five and represents about the present sentiment the world over. The Shah’s gambling losses in the last two years are estimated at $3,000,000. During most of that time he has lived in Paris or at Monte Carlo.

Mr. Hoover Declined the Title

THE Manchester         publishes a letter

from Ambassador Page to Mr. Wilson in which Mr. Page says that during the war the British Government approached Mr. Hoover and offered him an important executive position, with a title subsequently; and that Mr. Hoover replied, “I’ll do what I can for you with pleasure; but I’ll net give up my American citizenship—not ©n year life.” Mr. Hoover’s words are said to have been even a little more emphatic than we quote.

Taking All that World Traffic Will Bear

IN A speech at Erie, Pennsylvania, Secretary

Hoover has pointed out that our British cousins, and the Dutch and others as well, are squeezing this country pretty hard in the prices which they charge for coffee, silk, nitrates, potash, rubber, quinine, iodide, tin, sisal, quicksilver and some other things. Secretary Hoover warns that prices on these things must be made fair to American consumers or the United States will boost the prices of oil, cotton and copper, maybe; and we shall have an international rush on the part of every nation to charge for its par-ticuiar products all that world traffic will bear.

Why the United States to Hated ' .

THE United States is hated all oyer the world now because it has loaned money everywhere to people who either cannot pay or do not wish to pay. In Japan Uncle Sam is pictured as a fox, the. animal most hated by the Japs; in Germany and on the continent he is pictured as a moneybag; while Britain tells all the nations over and over that she would be glad to be generous to them were it not for the fact that Uncle Sam so selfishly insists that Britain wt pay her debts. It is an unpleasant position to be in. Unde Sana is like a rich man in a den ef thieves. If the thieves band together he will de well to escape with his life.

What the War Cost

rpO EQUAL the number ©f deaths caused by •*- the world War, it is stated that a Lusitania would have to be sunk every day for seventy years. In terms of property values the losses of the war amounted to more than the value of the entire United States and everything in it. The moral losses were greater still. Standards of culture and civilization have become lost.

What People Do When They Are Insane

Consressman Mastin Madden, chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations, before the President’s Air Board, showing the eagerness of some of the brilliant military men to spend the people’s money, cited the purchase of 256 pursuit planes by the army which were so constructed that the pilots could not see out of them, but that the defect was not discovered until the deal had been closed! Probably nobody can be blamed for being insane, but it seems too bad that sane hard-working people should have to pay bills incurred by the mentally unsound.

The Misuse of Pictures

DURING the war photographs of Jewish massacres by Russians taken ten years before the war were published to show German cruelty toward the Foies in Poland. Photographs st ■ the feeding of French prisoners of war were published as proof that the Germans had resorted to the bread line for themselves. A ~ photograph of the Germans having a good time before the war was published a year later under the title of “Enthusiasm and Joy of the Barbarians”. Gradually the truth on all these mat* ters is coming to light. Truthfully it may be _: said that never did the lie come into; its own as it did in the years 1914 to 1918.

No Germans Boiled for. Fat

THE Germans did not boil any of their dead soldiers for fat, after all. The Chief of Im telligence of the British Army during the war in an address before the National Arts Club in New York explained that he started the story by trading the titles of two pictures and getting one of the Chinese newspapers to publish the pictorial lie. One by one the lies come up for review.

France's Reign of Blood in Syria

THE French seem to be making a poor showing with their government of Syria. There does not seem to bo much to their government there except force, force, without stint or limit. That is a poor way to get along in this year of our Lord 1925. If it is so difficult for the French to govern the Syrians, why not get out and let them try governing themselves! The Syrians could hardly do worse than to kill their citizens by the thousands, as France did in its bombardment of unarmed Damascenes in their own homes. Through serious blundering no notice of intention to bombard the city was given to foreign consulates, and in at least one instance a sergeant misunderstood his instructions and went down a street through a Christian quarter with a tank spitting machine gun fire from both, sides. French homes were quietly visited by officers and their inhabitants taken to places of safety; but British and American citizens, t® the number of several thousand, were left to shift for themselves.                    .

The Phosphate Beds of Morocco

FRENCH interest in Morocco is not confined entirely to the wish to give Morocco a better government than Abd el Krim might be able to afford. Morocco has a phosphate deposit estimated at twenty-five million tons; and as Morocco is a heathen country and France is & Christian country, why of course France feels that she ought to have the phosphate. In five years the phosphate shipments from Morocco have grown from 8,000 to 600,000 tons.

Diamond Mines in the Congo

DISCOVERY of diamonds in the Congo is helping to open up the country. At present there are some fifty diamond mines in operation, some of them employing thousands of native workers. ‘Where cannibalism reigned, a few years ago there are now fine automobile-roads. An American woman recently traversed with native guides the territory through which Henry M. Stanley went prior to writing his book, .; ‘Tn -Darkest Africa." She had some brushes with the pygmies whom he described so well.

Tried to Stop the Procession

A BRITISH paper gives us an account of a religious procession in th© church of St.

James at Mauston, near Leeds. It seems that the intent was to walk around the interior of the church, singing as they went. Some of the members took exception to the procedure and tried to stop the procession forcibly, all to no avail. To suppose that the Lord God Almighty would take any interest in such flapdoodle, on either side of the question, is ridiculous.

British Might Net Let Christ In

IN A speech before the Church Congress of the Church of England at Eastbourne an Indian speaker, following up the Bishop of Chichester’s blunt reminder that Jesus Christ was an Asiatic, gave his hearers a great surprise by asserting that today, as an Asiatic, in some of the British Dominions Jesus Christ would find the door of the Christian church slammed in His face. We wonder whether He would fare much better in many an American church.

What Britain Spends for Drink

IN AN address reported in the Manchester Guardian Mr. Lloyd George declares that Britain’s bread bill is eighty million pounds, its milk bill is seventy-six million pounds, and its bill for alcoholic liquors three hundred and sixteen million pounds, or more than the interest on the national debt.

One-Room Houses in Dublin and Glasgow

OF EVERY thousand persons in the city of

Dublin 229 live in one-room tenements. Next to Dublin in this misery and shame is Glasgow, where 132 out of every thousand persons live in one-room tenements. In the year 1917 there were in Dublin more than eight thousand families with incomes of less than 25 shillings ($6.25) a week,

More About Sugar

T WISH ta eaB attention to the article, "The Case Against Sagar,” by Dr. Philip M.

Novell, published in September 23rd issue of The Goi.ben Age. I have been continually employed in the manufacture of beet sugar since 1899, and think that I know something about the business. I point out some ©f the Doctor’s errors:

Beet sugar is not more extensively used than eane sugar. When the beets are received at the sugar factory, no part is removed except a very f&w remaining tops.

The Doctor says that the sugar is dissolved in the diffusion process. You will see that this statement is absolutely wrong, in that the juice of the richest beet would not contain more than twenty-five percent total solids so that the sugar could not be there as a solid and could not be dissolved.

He says that lime or carbon dioxide is added to precipitate some of the impurities. As a matter ©f fact both are used, the lime being first mixed with the juice at a temperature of about 85° Centigrade and carbon dioxide is then introduced to precipitate the lime. The purpose in the whole process is the removal of all the fion-sugar possible.

Following this process the Doctor says the clear juice is centrifugated. What he means by this I do not know. We separate sugar crystals from syrup by means of centrifugal machines, but the good Doctor has no crystals yet. He also says that blood albumen, bone black and bluing are used to whiten the sugar. I have never seen blood albumen used in the manufacture of beet sugar. We have net used any Bone black for over twenty years. It is eighteen years since we used any bluing.

I have no objection to what the Doctor is evidently trying to prove, which seems to be that white sugar is not a balanced food; it would not properly nourish anyone. Neither would salt, soda, iron er calcium; but you would not have us cast these substances out of our diet for this reason. I think that sugar is not unhealthy as a food, and it is used in the great-, est quantities in the countries of the world where the people seem the most intelligent.

.The sugar made by the company for whom I work is 99.9% pure; and we are all very proud of the record.

There is an important difference between the impurities or crude elements in eane and beet juice. Some may, and do, like the Haver of cane impurities. But no one likes the flavor of beet impurities; and I do not believe that beet molasses is ever used in gelatin or jam making. The flavor would stop the sale.

Beet sugar cannot be sold as brown sugar because all brown sugar contains a small amount of molasses, and brown beet sugar is not pleasant to eat.

Doctor Lovell’s last statement, that sugar is the most injurious product in our national dietary, etc., may be true; but judging from his other statements I would be inclined to think that this statement was also at least slightly exaggerated. I have known a number of healthy old men and women who liked plenty of sugar with their meals.

Good Soldiers of Jesus Christ

THERE is something about a true Christian that marks him as different from other men. Napoleon I, one who knew men, is reported to have said, “If I could get soldiers who would follow me as the early Christians followed Christ, I could easily conquer the whole world.” The Christian soldier is a rebel in an enemy’s country. “The whole world lieth in the evil one.” (1 John 5:19 R. F.) Satan resents nothing bo much as to have one of his subjects turn against him. The Lord puts the matter plainly, that before anybody enlists under His banner he should stop and consider whether he is able with ten thousand to meet him that cometh against him with twenty thousand. During the entire time of Satan’s reign the followers of the Lord have been but a small minority of the people, and they are so today. It is much easier to go with the crowd than.it is to go against it.

Putting Aside Encumbrances

A VING made up his mind to enlist in the Lord’s army, and having done so by a com

December SO, 1925

to the Lord, the first thing required of the soldier is to part with the things that will be impediments to him in his new line of work. The way the apostle puts the matter is that “no man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life; that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier”.—2 Tim. 2:4.

The more completely one is enwrapped in worldly interests of any sort, the less time he has for the pursuit of heavenly interests. It would be a poor soldier that would spend all his time in writing letters to the folks back home, giving them instructions as to how to run their own affairs. Like other men the Christian is expected to provide things decent and things needful, but to give the remainder of his time and effort and influence to the cause of his King.

The Christian soldier’s progress is hindered by a life that is out of accord with the principles of righteousness. Hence says the apostle: “Let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us.” These words “beset us” really mean “entangle our feet” and are so translated in Weymouth’s “New Testament in Modern Speech”.—Hebrews 12:1.

The Christian soldier cannot live as he did before he became a Christian, corruptly and deceitfully, but is told that he must ‘put off concerning the former manner of life, the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts’. Some of the things which must be put off, and which, if retained, would disqualify the would-be Christian soldier for any service in the King’s army, are designated by name as ‘anger, wrath, malice, blasphemy, filthy communications out of one’s mouth’ (Colossians 3: 8, 9) and lies one to another. The Lord does not want that kind of people in His army; and who can blame Him?

Putting On the Armor

IN THE sixth chapter of his epistle to the church at Ephesus St. Paul sets before us the different pieces of the Christian soldier’s armor: The girdle of truth, the breastplate of righteousness, the shoes of the gospel of peace, the shield of faith, the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the spirit, which is God’s Word.

The object of putting on this armor is not fo stand around and admire ourselves or to b© admired by others, and to be idle and useless and worthless. The apostle says that the object of putting it on is “that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand”. Weymouth puts this passage very much clearer: “That ye may be able to stand your ground on the day of battle and remain victors in the field.” (Ephesians 6 :13) There will be fighting, hard fighting; and the one that wears the armor is expected to fight so vigorously as to vanquish his opponent.

Espousing the Cause

HE best soldiers are those that believe most firmly in the righteousness of their cause.

The reason why Cromwell’s soldiers swept all before them was that they had such unlimited confidence in their chief and in the cause which he represented. The motive which animates the soldiers of Jesus Christ is love for their supreme King. “Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.”—Matthew 22: 37.

A soldier must first of all be submissive to his sovereign. “Submit yourselves therefore to God.” (James 4:7) And he should be submissive not only outwardly but inwardly. Therefore he is admonished, “Do all things without murmurings and disputings.”—Phil. 2:14.

He must be an obedient man. “Wherefore, my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath.” (James 1: 19) And as a soldier with no brains would be of no benefit to his sovereign, especially in an enemy’s country, so the Lord, when sending forth His disciples said: “Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves.” (Matthew 10:16) Having provided us with brains the Lord expects us to make reasonable use of them.

The soldier has to depend upon his commander to see that he is supplied with food; and always, at the appropriate time, the Lord has provided things new and old for the household of faith. Concerning the harvest of the Gospel Age the Lord said: “Who then is a faithful and wise servant, whom his lord hath made ruler over his household, to give meat in due season?”' (Matthew 24:45; Luke 12:42) We who are here are here because the Lord faithfully fulfilled that promise to the very letter.

If the soldier gets side he must depend upoa his commander for medical attention. Even the Christian soldier gets rick sometimes. The spiritual food which was onee so much relished becomes repugnant; fevers- set in, disorders' ®f various _t sorts manifest themselves. In such-an" hour the Christian can turn to his heavenly Father, “who forgiveth all thine iniquities, who healeth all' thy diseases,” with full assurance that he will get the needed help.

Association with the Commander-In-Chief •

IT IS not given to the common soldiers in earthly armies to have association with the eommander-in-ehief. The commander has duties and responsibilities which prevent such association, although it is said that Frederick the Great knew personally by name every one of the ten thousand soldiers who constituted his standing army.                                 -

But we have a very much greater Commanderin-Chief than that of any earthly army. “The Father himself loveth you.” God has said: “He that toueheth you toueheth the apple of his eye.” (Zechariah 2:8) He courts the companionship of the soldiers in the Christian army; and hence our Master said: “Ask, and it shall he given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you.” -

But the soldiers in the Christian army arc warned against taking the name of their Commander lightly upon their lips. They are not to take His name in vain. Solemnly the Lord Jesus says to us: “I say unto you, Swear not at all: neither by heaven; for it is God’s throne: nor by the earth; for it is his footstool: neither by Jerusalem; for it is the city of the great King. Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black. But let your communication be, Yea, yea: Nay, nay: for whatsoever is.more than these, cometh of evil.”—Matthew 5:34-37.

Car® must be taken by the Christian soldier to remember that the eye of his Commanderin-Chief is literally upon him at all times. He must maintain such an attitude toward this great. One-as to justify a continuance of relationship, “Grieve not - the holy spirit ©f God, whereby-ye are sealed unto the day of redemp-tion/’—Ephesians 4:30.

And although the common soldier in- , the Lord’s army may -have companionship with the Commander-in-Chief, he must never forget that he is a private.' His instructions-on this-point are, “Let nothing- be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves. Look not every man on his own things, but every man also on the things of others.”—Philippians 2:3,4.

Following the Captain -

npHE Christian soldier is fighting the same fight that his Captain fought. He is enlisted under the same banner. We read, “His banner over me was love.” It is the soldier’s duty and his privilege to keep under that banner to the end and to follow where Jesus leads the way.

The way is not the popular way. It is the unpopular way. “Wherefore Jesus also, that he might sanctify th© people with his own blood, suffered without the gate. Let us go forth therefore unto him without the camp, bearing his reproach.”—Hebrews 13:12,13.

In an earthly army the deserter is punished with imprisonment or death. While the Lord seems to be more merciful toward those who drop out ©f His ranks, yet one of His expressions indicates the low esteem in which He holds such; and it is worth noting: “He that is an hi reling, and not the shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, seeth the wolf coming, and leaveth the sheep, and fleeth: and the wolf eatcheth them, and seattereth the sheep. The hireling fleeth, because he is an hireling, and careth not for the sheep.”—John 10:12,13.

Duties to Fellow Soldiers

IN THE armies of the world the comrades in arms get to think much of each other. When the strife is on there is nothing they will nc>t do for their pals; and when it is over they are friends to the end of their days. This is not true of all comrades in arms, but of certain chosen ones—buddies, as they like to call themselves. But in the army of Christ this love goes out to every soldier in the ranks. Indeed, if one is himself a soldier in the army it is impossible for him not to love every fellow soldier* The Lord puts this in this way:              '

“This is my commandment, That ye love one -another, as I have loved you. Greater love hath' no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you.” (John 15:12-14)’ It will be seen that the Lord virtually asks each of His followers to lay down his'We fox-the' others. That this was the significance of what the Lord had in mind is shown by St. John’s reference to the same thought: “Hereby know we love, because he laid down his life for us: and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren.”—1 John 3:16. B. F.

Love for fellow soldiers will manifest itself in thoughtfulness as respects either their heavenly or their earthly needs. Hence says the apostle: “Believe the necessities of God’s people : always practise hospitality.”—Romans 12: 13, Weymouth.

Love for fellow soldiers will manifest itself in kindness toward them. Hence St. Peter’s admonition, “All of you should be of one mind, quick to sympathize, kind to the brethren, tenderhearted, lowly-minded, not requiting evil with evil, nor abuse with abuse, but, on the contrary, giving a blessing in return.”-—1 Peter 3:8,9, Weymouth.

Love for fellow soldiers will manifest itself in forgiveness of their shortcomings; and hence; “Be ye kind one to another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, even as God for Christ’s sake hath forgiven you.”—Ephesians 4:32, Weymouth.

Things to Avoid in Comradeship

COMRADE who would betray his friend into the hands of the enemy would be a poor comrade, but he who encourages pride in his fellow soldier in Christ’s army does just that. When the Apostle John says, “Keep yourself from idols,” he is in effect saying, Do not make an idol out of any brother, and thus work him perhaps irreparable injury. St. Paul voices this thought in another way: “Therefore let no man glory in men. For all things are yours.”

But as he would avoid betraying his comrade by making an idol of him, so the true Christian soldier will avoid discouraging a true comrade by sitting in judgment upon his motives. “Judge not, and ye shall not be judged: condemn not, and ye shall not be condemned: forgive, and ye shall be forgiven. Give, and it shall be given unto you; good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom. For with the same measure that ye mete withal, it shall be measured to you again."—Luke 6:37,38.

Trouble-makers among the fellow soldiers should be given a wide berth. The fact that one soldier is sick is no reason why he should wish' everybody in the army to be sick. The fact that one soldier has already decided in his heart that . he wishes to be a deserter, is no r eason why he should wish everybody in the army to desert; but that is frequently the way it works out. At any rate the apostle says to look out for them. Put them into the guard house.

“Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them which cause divisions and offences, contrary to the doctrine yhieh ye have learned; and avoid them. For they that are such serve not our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly; and by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple."—Romans 16:17,18.

And then the good soldiers are urged not to forget those who have given their lives on the battlefield, fighting in the same cause. Please notice particularly this translation by Weymouth of Hebrews 13:7, and its application to Pastor Bussell, whom we all knew and loved so well: “Remember your former leaders—it was they who brought you God’s message. Bear in mind how they ended their lives, and imitate their faith.”

The Lord laid down the principle that the right spirit with regard to feasts is to give them to those who would otherwise never have them; and His soldiers have no right to ignore what He said on this point. “When thou makest a dinner or a supper, call not thy friends, nor thy brethren, neither thy kinsmen, nor thy rich neighbours; lest they also bid thee again, and a recompence be made thee. But when thou makest a feast, call the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind: and thou shalt be blessed; for they cannot recompense thee: for thou shalt be recompensed at the resurrection of the just.”— Luke 14:12-14.

There are people with whom it is difficult to live peaceably. Toward these and toward all, the soldiers of Christ are to be forbearing. “The servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto all men, apt to teach, patient.”—2 Timothy 2:24.

As respects persecutors his attitude is to be one of flight from them rather than battle against them. “When they persecute you in this city, flee ye into another.”—Matthew 10:23.

And when he has his enemies in his power he is not to wreak vengeance upon them but leave the issues with the Lord. “Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves; but rather give place un*

drink: for in so doing thou filialt heap coals of fire an his head.”—-Romans 12:19,20.

The Christian soldier has a light in his camp which is net available to others in anything like the same degree. "Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path.”—Psa, 119:105.

The Christian Soldier in Bailie ,

A T THE end ©f his earthly journey the Apos-tie Paul said: “I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith.” (2 Timothy 4:7)' He was eager that Timothy should pursue a similar career and urged him, “Fight the good fight of faith, lay hold on eternal life.”-—1 Timothy 6:12.

The fight of the Christian is against a definite and personal antagonist.' “Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring Iio-Xi,, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour.” (1: Peter 5:8) In at least two instances in the Scriptures we see this fight pictured as one in which the Christian is on the defensive.

“Resist the devil, and he will flee from you” and again, Tut ©n the whole armour of God, that-ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places.”—James 4:7; Ephesians 6:11,12.

From these passages we see that every Christian is engaged in the warfare, and we recognize that the battle takes place in the mind. It is only in the mind that we wrestle against principalities, powers, rulers of the darkness and spiritual wicked ones in high places; and at the outset of our Christian careers it is liable to be with us as it was with the Lord Jesus, that the battle is a defensive one.

But as Jesus in the wilderness fought a defensive warfare against the devil, being forty days tempted to adopt some plan different from that which the Father had marked out for Him; and as He subsequently carried the war into the enemy’s camp by preaching tins gospel of the kingdom throughout the length and breadth of Palestine, so our battles of faith, at first defensive, come later t© be aggressive campaigns for carrying the gospel into the enemy’s country.

THE weapons ©f our warfare are the same as those which Jesus used so effectively in his battle in the wilderness; i. e., "The word of God, ... sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit.” (Hebrews 4:12) It is an interesting fact that the Bible Students today, and they only, seem, to have the ability to make this distinction.

Throughout the Revelation (1:16) Jesus is constantly pictured to us as equipped with this . sword. In the first chapter he is described as having “in his right hand seven stars; and out of his mouth went a sharp two-edged sword [the Old and New Testaments] : and his oounto-nance was as the sun shine th in his strength.” In the second chapter He warns the; Bergamos . epoch of the church that the sword of His mouth will be used against them unless they repeat. In the nineteenth chapter the sword is represent- _; ted as in execution, His enemies falling before Him.                   .

Jesus’ conquest of the world in the MiBennfal Age is represented in the prophecies of the Old Testament as brought about by this weapon .

which issues from His mouth. Thus the Prophet Isaiah (11:4) says; “With righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the meek of the earth; and he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked.” This slaying of the wicked is not a slaughter of men, but a conversion of them to the truth. Some of us were once enemies through wicked works, and were thus slain by the Lord’s sword. A similar picture is presented in the 45th Psalm, except that in that picture the sword is represented as on the Lord’s thigh.

As Jesus used the sword effectively, s© Jehovah says of some: “I hewed them by the prophets ; I have slain them by the words of my mouth.” (Hosea 6:5) And in the hands of us who are alive this day He has put the sword doubled the third time, and its sharp and glittering point for use as we will.

Concerning our defensive warfare, Weymouth’s translation puts very well the Apostle Peter’s statement in 1 Peter 3:15: “In your hearts consecrate Christ as Lord, being always-ready t© make your defence to any one who asks from you a reason for the hope you cherish.”

As the command for offensive warfare, the pushing of the battle of faith into the enemy’s camp, we have the Lord’s directions, “Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the holy spirit.” (Matthew 28:19) In the same line is the apostle’s instruction, “Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with, good.”— Romans 12:21.

The Plan of Campaign

EVERY general who ever won a campaign had a definite plan of conquest at the outset; and as the Christian soldier’s battles are waged in his mind, it is appropriate that his campaign should begin and end there. Hence says the apostle; “Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, what-. soever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think oh these things.”—Philippians 4:8.

The soldiers in Christ’s army must take good aim. They must aim to be perfect. “Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect.”—Matthew 5: 48.

The soldiers in Christ's army must at all times handle the Word of God in an honest, straightforward manner. Hence says St. Paul to Timothy: “Earnestly seek to commend yourself to God as a servant who, because of straightforward dealing with the word of truth, has no .reason to feel any shame.”—2 Timothy 2:15, Weymouth.

They must at all times be sincere. “Test yourselves to discover whether you are true believers: put your own selves under examination. Or do you not know that Jesus Christ is within you, unless you are insincere?”—2 Corinthians 13: 5, Weymouth.

They must be watchful, courageous and strong. “Thou therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus.” “Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong.”—2 Timothy 2:1; 1 Corinthians 16:13.

They must be joyful and confident. "Rejoice in the Lord alway: and again I say, Rejoice.” “For we are made partakers of Christ, if we hold the beginning of our confidence steadfast unto the end.”—Philippians 4:4; Hebrews 3: 6-

They must be calm and level-headed. “Be careful for nothing; but- in everything by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known unto Ged.” (Philip-pians 4: 6) “Do not be drawn aside by all sorts of strange teaching: for it is well to have the heart made steadfast through God’s grace, and not by special kinds of food [spiritual food], from which those who scrupulously attend to them have received no benefit.”—Hebrews 13: 9, Weymouth.

Serve and Suffer Deliberately                ‘

WRITING to Timothy St. Paul told him to “provide yourself with an outline of the sound teaching which you have heard from my lips, and be true to the faith and love which ard in Christ Jesus.” (2 Timothy 1:13, Weymouth^ To the Romans and to us all he said: “I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that you present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service.”—Romans 12:1.

St. Peter tells us that if we are soldiers for Christ we must expect t® suffer and that we should settle it in our minds to do so. “Forasmuch then as Christ hath suffered for us in the flesh, arm yourselves likewise wuth the same mind: for he that hath suffered [as a Christian^ in the flesh hath ceased from sin.”—1 Peter 4:1.

The church is promised that its concluding experiences in the earth shall be more severe than at any other time: “Whose voice then shook the earth; hut now he hath promised, saying, Yet once more I shake not the earth only, but also heaven. And this word, Yet once more, sig-nifieth the removing of those things that are shaken, as of things that are made [fabricated, false] that those things which cannot be shaken may remain.”—Hebrews 12: 27.

The true soldier ©f Jesus Christ will fear neither prison nor death. “Fear none of these things which thou shaft suffer: behold, the devil shall cast some of you into prison, that ye may be tried;... be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life.”—Bev. 2:10.

And it is the privilege of the true soldier ©f Jesus Christ to remember the prize which is to be his at the end of the great fight. “To him that overeometh will I grant to sit with me in my throne, even as I also overcame, and am set down with my Father in his throne.”—Revela-: tion 3:21.

“Thou therefore endure hardness as a good soldier of Jesus Christ.”

Why the Christian is Keenly Interested in the Return of the Jews to Palestine

[Radiocast from Watchtower WBBR on a wave length of 272.6 meters, by Judge Rutherford.]

fpHE deliverer of Israel from, the land of

Egypt was Moses, He was also the mediator of the law covenant between God and the people of Israel, Moses was a type of something better to follow.

Of course God knew that the Jews could not keep the law covenant and that it would not give them life, and that He would cast them off. Why, then, did He make a covenant with them? I answer: For several reasons, amongst which are the following:

(1) To prove to the Jews, and to all men ever thereafter, that no man can get life by his own efforts. God foreknew the position that would be taken by the Evolutionists and the Modernists, and when the truth is understood it will forever silence these in their claims that man can lift himself up to the perfect standard.

, (2) It served as a school master to lead the Jews to their Messiah, the Savior of mankind, and

(3) It was a type of a better covenant which is to follow, and which is for the benefit of the Jews first and through them all mankind.

Moses was a type of the greater one that is to follow. In proof of this we read in Deuteronomy 18:18,19: “I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and I will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him. And it shall come to pass, that whosoever will not hearken unto my words which he shall speak in my name, I will require it of him.”

The proof of the fulfilment of one of God’s promises should strengthen faith that the other promises will be fulfilled. In a previous lecture I pointed out a number of promises that God made concerning the return of the Jews to Palestine, which are now being fulfilled before the eyes of all. This should strengthen the faith of the people in God’s Word that He will fulfil all of His promises. Remember that He said: “T have spoken it, it shall come to pass.”—Isaiah 46:11.

We have, then, the plain statement that the greater one than Moses must come, and that he must be the ruler of the world, and that all who would have blessings must obey him.

This is the same mighty one about whom

Jacob, on his death bed, prophesied as Shiloh, who should be the ruler of the world. Genesis 49:10 reads: “The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be.”

This mighty one must be the Messiah, and about this there has not at any time been a doubt in the mind of any one, Jew or Gentile, who believes God’s Word. All Jews who believe the Bible have understood that the Messiah must first come before the blessing. Messiah means anointed one. The Greek word Christ means the same thing. The question is, Who is the Messiah?

Identification

THE most important things for Jew and Gen-til® to first determine is, the identification of the Messiah. If the Scriptures give a plain description of him, and it is found from the undisputed facts that follow that a certain one meets every part of the description in detail, may we then not reasonably conclude that such an one is the Messiah?

Jehovah, through his prophet Micah 5:2, foretold that the Messiah must be born in Bethlehem. Members of the Sanhedrin, the leading ones of the Jews, told King Herod the same thing, showing that they expected him to be born there. (Matthew 2: 5, 6) Jesus of Nazareth was born there exactly as foretold. He was of the tribe of Judah, as mentioned by Jacob in the aforementioned prophecy.

The Prophet Isaiah testified that the Messiah would be a Jew, come to his own people, and would be rejected by them; would be a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; that he would be put to death; that there would be no just cause for his death, yet he would be numbered with the transgressors. Each one of these things Jesus of Nazareth fulfilled.—Isa. 53:1-11.

The Prophet Zechariah, chapter 11, verse 12, foretold that he who would be the Messiah would be betrayed for thirty pieces of silver. Judas betrayed Jesus for thirty pieces of silver, as foretold.

The Prophet Daniel (9:27) foretold that the Messiah would be cut off, but not for himself, his words being, “And in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation

. to cease.” A week is of seven days, and symbolically means seven years., Jesus was cut off ox’ crucified exactly in the middle of the week, or at the end of three and one-half years.

The Prophet David foretold,in Psalm 34:20 that he who would be the Messiah would die a violent death, but that not one bone of his body would' be broken. Jesus exactly fulfilled these conditions in his death upon the cross. The same prophet foretold that Messiah’s flesh would not corrupt and that he would rise from the dead. (Psalm 16:10) The facts concerning Jesus’ death and resurrection exactly fulfil this prophecy.

Redeemer                              ■

THE Jews made the mistake of expecting the

Messiah to come with a superior army and drive out the-invading forces and establish his government in .great power, pomp and glory. They did not understand that he who was to be the Messiah must first be the Redeemer of the human race; that he must die and rise from the dead. They could not understand it. Why , were his death and resurrection necessary? The answer to this question should appeal to Jews and Gentiles alike, because all spring from Adam.

Adam, the perfect man, sinned, and for this violation of God’s law he was sentenced to death. Ged promised t© redeem mankind from death. The words of the Prophet Hosea 1.3:14 read: ‘ri. will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death: O death, I will ‘be thy plagues; O grave, I will be thy destruction.”                   ■

The law which Ged gave to the Jews, through Moses, provided that redemption should be only by a life given for a life. (Deuteronomy 19: 21) It must be apparent to all Jews that their forefathers could not keep the law covenant, which promised them life, because of their imperfection. They must have a redeemer to wipe out the record that stood against them by inheritance through father Adam. ■

Jesus was born under the law, a Jew. He came to do the will of God, just as had been foretold of Him by the prophet: “Lo, I come: in the volume of the book it is written of me, I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my heart.”—-Psalm 40: 7,8.         '

It was the will of God, as heretofore shown, that he who should be honored with the office of Messiah must first be the Redeemer of mankind. Of himself Jesus said: “Even as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.” Again Jesus said concerning Himself: “There-’’ fore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again. Ko • man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father. There was a division therefore again among the Jews for these sayings” '                       ■                  *

The writers of the New Testament were all Jews, with, one exception. If God could inspire the prophets of. old, who were used to write the Old Testament,, could He not as well inspire others of their descendants to faithfully write the New Testament? The major portion of the Jews in the past have rejected the New Testameat because they have been blinded to its real value. The time is come when they must and will understand it and rejoice. They will come to see that the entire Bible, Old and New Testaments, is in exact harmony.

The prophets Isaiah, Daniel and David testified that he who would be the Messiah must die and rise from the dead.

Concerning what David wrote St. Peter, a Jew, afterwards said: “Therefore being a . prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him, that of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, he would raise up Christ [Messiah] to sit on his throne; he, seeing this before, spake of the resurrection of Christ [Messiah] that his soul was not left in hell, neither his flesh did see corruption. This Jesus hath God raised up, whereof we all are witnesses.” —Acts 2:30-32.              '

The Coverlets

WE HAVE seen that, the blood for the old

law covenant was the paschal lamb slain in Egypt on the 14th of Nisan. It was slain instead of Moses, but for Moses. Moses was the ■ • type of the greater one to follow, the Messiah. Of him it is written that h® is the antitypieal • Iamb of God that takes away the sin of the' ■ world. (John 1:29) As a Jew,. Jesus of Naa-sreth must observe, and did observe, the passover, because it was enjoined by the law. When He had finished eating the last passover He then and there stated to His disciples that His own blood was the antitype of the paschal lamb, and that His blood was the blood for the basis of the n&uv law covenant. This new covenant is made between God on one side, and Jesus Christ, the Messiah, on the other, in behalf of Israel. It must be made with the Messiah, who is the antitype of Moses.

Now concerning Jesus it is written: “There is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus; who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time.”—« 1 Timothy 2:5,6.

This covenant made between God and Jesus, when on earth, is to be ratified and inaugurated in the antitypical Mount Sinai, the kingdom of God, of which Sinai was a type. Then will follow the blessing which God has provided for the Jews and through the Jews to all the families of the earth. This blessing must come through the seed of Abraham according to the promise, because God thus promised it.

Mystery

THE Christ or the Messiah, both meaning the same thing, has been a mystery from ages and generations. Not one of the disciples understood it while Jesus was on earth. The time has come for this real mystery to be understood, even by the world. Christ, or Messiah, means anointed body, the antitypical seed of Abraham, which was pictured by the stars of heaven.

Concerning this it is written: “Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ.... For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ, have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. And if ye be Christ’s, then are ye Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.”—Galatians 3:16, 27-29.

God gave the Jews the first privilege of making up this entire body. He made Jesus, His beloved Son, the head of it. For three and one-half years after the death and resurrection of Jesus no one but Jews were permitted to apply for membership in that anointed body. Thereafter God opened the way to Gentiles and Jews alike. When one becomes a member of this anointed class he is no longer a Jew.

Time

ET us now examine the time features of the prophecy made by Jeremiah, in which he

said: “Therefore behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that it shall no more be said, The Lord liveth that brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt;... For mine eyes are upon all their ways; they are not hid from my face, neither is their iniquity hid from mine eyes. And first I will recompense their iniquity and their sin double."—Jeremiah 16:14,17,18.

The word “double”, from the Hebrew word mishneh, means a duplication of time; that is to say, the promise of God was that the Jews must suffer for the same length of time that they had received His favor. We know that His favor began with the organization of Israel at Jacob’s death. If we can find when the double count began then we can calculate the time exactly. In this we are not left in doubt.

Through His prophet Zechariah God said: Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, 0 daughter of Jerusalem ; behold, thy King cometh unto thee; he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass.... Turn you to the strong hold, ye prisoners of hope: even today do I declare that I will render double unto thee.”—Zech. 9:9,12.

The date of the fulfilment of this prophecy is not left in doubt for one moment. It was fulfilled on the tenth of Nisan, the first Jewish month (corresponding to our month April), the day on which the paschal lamb was taken up, in the year A. D. 33. The account of that fulfilment is recorded in Matthew 21:1-9, as follows:

“And when they drew nigh unto Jerusalem, and were come to Bethphage, unto the mount of Olives, then sent Jesus two disciples, saying unto them, Go into the village over against you, and straightway ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her: loose them, and bring them unto me. And if any man say ought unto you, ye shall say, The Lord hath need of them; and straightway he will send them. All this was done, that it might be fulfilled "which was spoken by the prophet [Zech, 9:9,12], saying, Tell ye the daughter of Sion, Behold, thy King cometh unto thee, meek, and sitting upon an ass, and a colt the foal of an ass. And the disciples went, and did as Jesus commanded them, and brought the ass, and the eolt, and put on them their clothes, and they set him thereon. And a very great multitude spread their garments in the way; others cut down branches from the trees, and strawed them in the way. And the multitudes that went before, and that followed, cried, saying, Hosanna to the son of David!. Blessed is he that cometh in the ■name of the Lord: Hosanna in the highest! And when he was come into Jerusalem, all the city was moved, saying, Who is this? And the multitude said, This is Jesus, the prophet of Nazareth of Galilee.”

The beginning of God’s favor, as above stated, was in the year B. C. 1812. Add to that 33 A. D. and we have 1845 years. This was the length of God’s favor to Israel; and there the favor began to pass away. To double that period we must add 1845 years to A. D. 33, which brings us to 1878. That marked, a period in which some favor should be expected to come from Jehovah to the Jews.

In that very year, on June 13th, the Berlin Congress convened and was presided over by a Jew, Lord Beaconsfield, Prime Minister of Great Britain; and that congress took the first steps that had been taken in 1845 years, looking to the regaining of the rights of Israel in Palestine.                                ■

Note another parallel of forty years that must be added here. The “double” began to count in A.D. 33, when Jesus offered Himself as king to Israel. There the favor began to pass away. Exactly forty years to the very day thereafter, to wit, A. D. 73, the 10th of Nisan, the last fort of Israel fell and the Jews were completely expelled from Palestine. We should expect to find then some marked favor coming to the Jews just forty years after 187§.

Now forty years added to 1878 bring us to 1918. It was in the spring of the year 1918 that Dr. Chaim Weizmann, acting under authority issued to him from the British government, landed with a commission at Jerusalem, and began to lay the foundation of a new Jewish government.

Be it noted that since the year 1918 there has been a great awakening amongst the Jews throughout the world concerning the rebuilding of Palestine. Thus we see exactly on time and in harmony with His promise, God is returning His once chosen people to their homeland. Jews and Christians alike should rejoice in this.

Furthermore the Jubilee system, which Ged inaugurated with Israel in Palestine, which required them to let their land re-st every fiftieth, or jubilee year, and on which year every man should have restored to him what was lost, has reached a climax in 1925.

Ged required seventy jubilees to be kept, and seventy times fifty are 3500 years. This 3500 year-period ends with the year 1925. Therefore 1925 is a marked year in the world’s history and particularly with the Jews, and it was to be expected that, something unusual would transpire concerning the Jews in the year 1925.

On the 12th of March, 1925, the Palestifis Steamship Company began, the operation of its steamship line from New York to Palestine. J*j flies, for the. first time, the Jewish flag, whidli carries ©n it the star of David. Large numbers •f Jews are now settling in Palestine each month, and the work of rehabilitating the Holy Land has this year begun in real earnest

Bttndneas in. Part

WHY were the Jews cast off as a nation? I answer : Because of their blindness to God’s promises and because of their unheHet'. There was a remnant @f Jews who accepted God’s promises and were not east off. Who were the chief ones responsible for the Jew^ys, as a people, failing to see and understand the Scriptures? I answer: The clergy of their time, Pharisees who pretended to represent God. and arrogated to themselves all knowledge of the Scriptures.

Down through the Gospel Age many professed Christians have persecuted the Jews, They have said all manner of evil things against them. That was due to their ignorance. Whj has been chiefly responsible for this misunderstanding and misrepresenting ©f the Jews! I answer: The clergy of modern times, who have arrogated to themselves the ability to understand and the authority to interpret the Scriptures to the exclusion of all others. In St. Paul’s day some of them were of the same dispositi&u. Foreknowing that others would be of this type, he wrote: “For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant ©f this mystery, lest yo should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in. And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall tom away ungodliness from Jacob."—Romans 11: 25,26; Isaiah 59:20,21.

Mark now, he says that this blindness is only partialand has happened until the fulness of. the Gentiles be come in. This means, until the full number is selected from the Gentiles who shall compose the Christ, the Messiah—the anointed ones.-—See Acts 15:14 18.

Then what shall follow? The apostle answers: “For this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins. As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers’ sakes.”—Romans 11:27, 28.

Thus Paul shows that then the new covenant will be made, and that through this covenant all Israel shall be saved. It will mean then that the Jews, regathered to Palestine in unbelief, shall understand the Scriptures, receive the Lord’s promises; and then, as the prophet has said, they will look upon Him whom they have pierced and mourn for Him.

The greatest event with Christians has been, and is, the second coming of the Lord, the end of the world, and the inauguration of His kingdom. His disciples asked Him what would be the proof of these things and He answered that there would be a world war, famines, pestilences and revolutions in various parts of the earth; that this would mark the beginning of sorrows upon the things of the earth. Then He added that Jerusalem shall be trodden dovzn of the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled. Then, says the Lord, when you see these things come to pass, look up, and lift up your heads, for the time of deliverance draweth nigh.—Luke 21: 28.

We therefore see that the return of Israel to Palestine and the rebuilding of their homeland is one of the strongest proofs that the old world has ended; that Christ the Messiah is present; that the kingdom of heaven is at hand; and that the inauguration of the new covenant is just at the door. For' these reasons the Christian should have the keenest interest in the restoration of Israel.

For 1900 years Christians have been the special witnesses of the Lord in the earth. Now they have a special obligation laid upon them concerning the Jews. God’s prophet Isaiah, looking down to the conclusion of their “double” when their suffering should begin to pass away, says: “Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God. Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned: for she hath received of the Lord’s hand double for all her sins.”—Isaiah 40:1,2.

Thus the obligation devolves upon the Christians now, not only to know about the Jews returning to Palestine but to tell them that, the day of their deliverance is at hand; that Christ is the Messiah, and that the time of His kingdom is here.

Jesus describes the disturbed conditions at the end of the world, which we new see, and in harmony therewith God’s prophet wrote concerning this, in Daniel 2:44: “And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever.” Again the prophet Daniel wrote: “And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince which standeth for the children of thy people.”

Now, says the Apostle Paul, concerning the restoration of Israel: “For if the casting away of them be the reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving of them be, but life from the dead?” (Romans 11:15) What he really means is this: If the casting away of Israel in A. D. 33 marked the beginning of the development of the seed of Abraham for the blessing of the world, now when that work is completed and God’s favor is returned to Israel, it gives evidence that soon the dead shall live again; that those on earth who are alive and obey the Lord shall never die; and this is a further proof that millions now living will never die.

Let the Christians, then with gladness proclaim the message of the King and His kingdom. Let them say with the Prophet Isaiah “For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given, and the government shall be upon his shoulder; and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.”—Isa. 9: 6,7.

Hail to the brightness of Zion’s glad morning! The glory of the Lord has risen upon her. As Satan’s empire of darkness crumbles before the rising Sun of Righteousness the true Christians, as witnesses for the Lord, confidently and joyfully sing out: The kingdom of heaven has come! Let Jew and Gentile be glad and rejoice! The day of deliverance is at hand J

STUDIES IN THE “HARP OF GOD” ( ^JVDSS.^,raST^HB^8?^D’⁹ ) ® With Issue Number 60 we began running Judge Rutherord’e uew book, fT*| “Tiie Harp* of God”, with aceompenying questions, taking place of both Advanced and Juvenile Bible Studies which have teen hitherto published.

^<Sflrf’his new creation had its beginning with Jesus Christ at the time of His baptism in Jordan when He was begotten to the divine nature and anointed with the holy spirit without limitation. As a man, He was pure, blameless, holy. At the age of thirty years, He was qualified wider the law to be a priest, and there He consecrated Himself and at that time was baptized and begotten to the divine nature, hence became a new creature there from the divine standpoint. As a new creature He was made perfect by the things which He suffered.—Hebrews 5:8.

''⁷⁰From the time of His baptism He was opposed by Satan the Devil, who sought to destroy Him. The reason for this opposition lay in the fact that when God sentenced Adam t® death He had said unto Satan: “I will put enmity betvzeen thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shaft bruise his heel.” (Genesis 3:15) The woman here symbolized or typified the Abrahamic-Sarah covenant, from which the seed of promise springs. As Isaac was the son of promise, so the church was typified by Isa&e. (Galatians 4:25-29) The seed of promise is therefore the new creation. The seed of the serpent consists of those agencies visible and invisible which are his offspring, and which are used by him for his wicked work. la Jesus’ day the scribes and Pharisees and doctors of the law were classed as the offspring of Satan, his seed (John 8:44); and it has been true at all times that, many who have pretended to be Christians are really the seed of Satan and engage in persecuting others who love the Lord.

‘^Immediately after the baptism of Jesus He went up into a mountain in the wilderness to study God’s plan and to meditate upon it, that He might be instructed in the way that Jehovah would have.Him go; and when this season of forty days was ended and He came forth, He was subjected te a great temptation by the Devil. Jesus resisted all of these efforts of Satan. (Luke 4:1-13) Jesus, the Head of the seed of promise, was the target of Satan’s instruments. For three and a half years He suffered daily at the hands of Satan and those who represented him; namely, those human beings who possessed the devilish spirit. During that period of three and a half years He was indeed a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; but all this suffering was necessary for His perfection as a new creature. (Hebrew’s 5:8,9) Because of His faithfulness, His fidelity and loyalty to God even unto death, He won the great victory, became an overeomer. Hence we read: “Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name; that at the same of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; and that every tongue should eonfes® that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.” (Philippians 2:9-11) The members of the body of Christ, the members ©f the church, must follow in His footsteps.—1 Peter 2:21. -

QUESTIONS ON "THE HARP OF GOD”

When did the new creation have its beginning? fl 469.

What occurred with reference to Jesus when He wa» thirty years of age ? fl 469.

How was He perfected as a new creature? fl 469.

Who opposed Jesus from the time of His baptism? fl 47'0.

Why this opposition? fl 470.

In the sentence by Jehovah, as set forth in Genesis 3:15, what is symbolized by the woman? fl 470.

Whom did Isaac typify? fl 47'0.

Of what does the seed of ths serpent consist ? Give soma Scriptural proof, fl 470.

What is the disposition of the seed of the serpent? fl 470. Where did Jesus go immediately following His baptism, &nd for what purpose? fl 471.

To what temptation was He subjected shortly thereafter’? Give the Scriptural account, fl 471.

How long did He suffer at the hands of Satan and his -representatives ? fl 471,

How did Me gain the victory? fl 471.

How d id Jehavgh reward Jesus for His faithful devotion te the. divine arrangement even unto death? fl 471.

What Scriptures indicate that the body members must follow in His steps ? fl 471.

“A bright new . year and a sunny track • Along, an upward way;

And a song of praise on looking back, .

When the year has passed away, . •     ,

Amid, golden sheaves., nor small, nor few;.

■This is my new year’s wish for. you.”

Bound In Cloth, 50 cents.

We cannot do less than to say that this latest book by Judge Rutherford fs an Epoch-making book. It comes at just the right time—at the close of Israel’s long period of waiting for the Jubilee of Jubilees. The seventy Jubilee periods have expired. The time for the blessing of the Jews has come. The blessing itself is here in this wonderful book.

The book is not only for the Jews. It is for them, very much so, but it is for Gentiles too. They need to have set before them the Old Testament evidence of the Plan of God.

Judge Rutherford has done just that in this book. Those who have read it regard it as in many respects the most remarkable thing he has written, Send orders to us or to

International Bible Students Association,

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