The Golden Age

A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND: COURAGE

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in this issue ■

SALVAGINGS

CORN SUGAR
T. B. TESTED MILK

ALUM AND CHLORINE IN WATER SUPPLY

- THE SAUVA ANTS

IS HELL HOT?

Full text of an address by Judge Butlierford, broadcast in WATCHTOAvek national chain program.

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Vol. XII - No. 289 October 15, 19 3 0

LABOR AND ECONOMICS

Hard Times Widely Distributed 37

The Four-Hour Day Coming . 37

Industrial Democracy at Indianapolis

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL

Salvagings ........ 35

Denmark Sells Its Warship , . 35

Russia Getting Ready for Something

Transportation Levels at Grand Central   

Hurrah for Judge Runyon!

MANUFACTURING AND MINING

Doodle Bug Operation  .... 46

FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION

Labor Compares Bethlehem and France . .

World-wide Business Depression 40

Our Insane Medium of Exchange 47

POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

Anti-Fascisti Fleeing Italy . . 36

Slavery in the Congo .... 36

The Rulors of India .... 39

New Zealand Administration of

Samoa

Russian Revolution vs. Capitalistic Wars

AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY

Corn Sugar

Of Interest to Flower Enthusiasts

History of the Dahlia .... 45

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

The Amphibian Tank . . . . 35

A New Light Discovered ... 38

Just Missed Being a Billionaire 45 Tinallium ........48

HOME AND HEALTH

Massachusetts Doctors to Assist God . ......  .  48

Another Morning Brush Convert 49 Aluminum Cooking Recipes . . 49

T. B. Tested Milk ...... 49 Alum and Chlorine in the Water

Supply ........ 50

TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY

What the Rulers Have ... 38

The “Sauva” Ants ..... 51 Wonderful Organization of Locusts 53 Feeding the Prisoners of the

Scottish Islands ... . 54

religion and philosophy

Poltergeist in Southern France 47

Is Hell Hot?

The Gods of Jesus and Mary Baker

Eddy

“Where Are the Dead?” . . . 62 Stealing, Lying and Forging—for

Christ

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Entered as second-class matter at Brooklyn, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 187P.

Golden Age

Volume XII                       Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, October 15, 1930                      Number 289

Salvagings

What Happens to 100_s000 Men

OF 100,000 men born on a given day, 90,757 live to be one year old; 80,129 live to be 27; 64,311 live to be 52; and 32,583 live to be 72. The first year of life is the hardest on the child and the hardest on its parents.

Tuberculosis Among Young Cotton Workers

THE figures show that the tuberculosis rate among boys fifteen to nineteen years of age employed in the Fall River (Mass.) cotton mills was nearly double that of boys not so employed, and among girls was far more than double that of girls not so employed.

Denmark Sells Its Warship

DENMARK has decided to sell its warship.

Now if Britain and Uncle Sam and Japan and France and Italy will all do the same thing we shall all be at peace, or we should be unless Germany bought them all, and. then we should have to start all over again.

Jerusalem’s New Hotel

THE King David hotel, now building in Jerusalem, will be superior to any other hotel in western Asia or any part of Africa. It is an immense structure, covering nearly or quite an entire city block, and equipped with all modern comforts and conveniences.

Germany’s Non-tearable Money

GERMANY’S new money cannot be torn.

This result is obtained by spraying the notes with a metal. The new bills are noninflammable and are said to be virtually non-crumpable.

The Amphibian Tank

THE amphibian tank being made at Rahway, -*• N.J., will go ten miles an hour in the water, fifty miles on a rough road, and seventy miles an hour on a smooth road. This rambling fortress, as it is called, is supposed to be bombproof and gasproof.

Walls One Foot Thick

THE rooms in which solid carbon dioxid is carried from Tampico to New York have corkboard walls one foot in thickness. This solid dry ice turns back into a gas very slowly, producing intense cold as it does so, as low as 140 degrees below zero, Fahrenheit.

Russian Goods in Persia

IT IS said that Russia has about 50 percent of

Persia’s trade and is making it a dumping ground for surplus sugar and for cotton. Russian oil is sold on the Persian Gulf cheaper than that of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, which has its own oil fields right on the spot.

Human Vivisection Material

AMAN in Bridgeport, Connecticut, unable to obtain employment, has offered himself as a subject for medical experiment, or, in other words, human vivisection. He merely stipulates that arrangements must be made to care for his wife, to whom he has been wed for the last eleven years.

Porto Rico Poor and Sick

PORTO RICO is poor and it is sick. It is so poor that three-fifths of the school children could not go to school if they wanted to, because there are no schools for them. The death rate is four and a half times what it is in the United States. Poverty and a high death rate always go hand in hand.

Strikers Make a Success of Business

rpWO years ago 250 strikers left the clothing making firm of David Adler and Sons Co.

and rented a factory at which they made up clothing on contract for Hart, Schaffner and Marx of Chicago. They have made a complete success of their business and their old employers have discontinued operations. -

Cost of Steamer Operation

QOME idea may be had of the great cost of steamer operation when it is learned that a round trip of the Bremen, the world’s fastest boat, costs in the neighborhood of $625,000. Such a boat must go loaded on every trip, winter and summer, or prove a financial burden to its owners.

Anti-Fascisti Fleeing Italy

A Temporary Solution of the Wheat Tangle

tyranny of the Mussolini forces that now have Italy in slavery. Even women and little children have fled over mountain passes ten thousand feet above sea level in order to escape. One woman broke her leg on a glacier, but was rescued; another young woman died in a raging blizzard.

Free Speech on Strikes

CONGRESS can make no law abridging freedom of speech, but according to Mr. Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, the Federation is at times forbidden to publish the fact that strikes are in progress, forbidden to discuss strikes, and even forbidden to talk over strikes that are in progress. No doubt these prohibitions come fro i federal judges who have placed their decisions above the Constitution, the supreme law of the land.

Slavery in the Congo

THE charge is made that the Belgian government, which, in a way, was the center of the great war that was to make the world safe for democracy, is so cruel in its rule of the poor blacks in the Congo region that they are forcibly recruited for public labor even when they are in a dying condition, and that the mor-paid more for wheat than it would bring in open market, the government was compelled to ask them to plant less. But now the unprecedented drought is showing a way'out. Wheat has fallen so low that it can now be profitably fed to stock, and as only about half the corn is maturing it is almost necessary to use it in that way.

Sound Sense from Owen D. Young

Owen D. Young says: “What shall we do with our surplus wheat or cotton, or what you please? We must get rid of it. There are only two ways. Either we must burn it at home or sell it abroad. If America starts to burn surplus wheat when people are hung*ry elsewhere in the world, that fire will start a conflagration which we cannot stop. There is no way out except to market this surplus where men are hungry and where men are underclothed.”

Stomachs Empty While Wheat Piles Up

THE London Herald says: “Stomachs remain empty while wheat piles up in the elevators, and farmers dread a too good harvest. And as goods accumulate and men decay, production must be artificially restricted. Unemployment grows. Purchasing power declines again. The vicious circle widens.” Everybody is beginning all. God’s kingdom alone will solve this difficulty.

What the Rulers Have

HE emperor of Abyssinia has a motor car fitted with machine guns; the pope has an auto presented to him by the city of Milan, the seat of which is a gilded throne; the shah of Persia has a snow-white Pierce-Arrow car with gold-plated hardware and with diamonds embedded here and there in the interior decorations. The king of Siam has a motor boat 38 feet long which will go- at a speed of 70 miles an hour.

Work for Neither Man nor Beast

PEAKING of a certain time the Scriptures say that before those days there was work for neither man nor beast. Apparently most of it would be done by machinery. Unemployment is widespread all. over the world, and growing by leaps and bounds. In America, Britain and Germany it is expressed in millions. In Wallas-sey, England, lately, sixty-eight men cast lots to see who should have the great privilege of two jobs that opened up in an electric power station.

A New Light'Discovered

e. William George Schnell, of Los Angeles, has discovered a means of impounding the sun’s rays by mixing certain basic minerals with oils. The light is said to have great brilliancy and to last indefinitely. It is maintained that the substance of the discovery contains the same atoms as the sun and that when the compound meets the sun’s rays there is an affinity that results in the powerful light. As soon as he made the discovery somebody broke his neck, but he is still living. His friends think that representatives of the Power Trust tried to kill him.

Adventists Misunderstand Creative Days

T SAN FRANCISCO, Seventh-Day Adventists, in solemn conference assembled, have declared that God created the earth in six days of trventy-four hours each. The Bible teaches nothing of the sort. We know the length of one of the creative days, the seventh. It is seven thousand years long. We have been in it for six thousand years and will be in it for yet another thousand. The length of the creative days is thus established at about seven thousand years each. For further particulars see Judge Rutherford’s book Creation.

Transportation Levels at Grand Central

T THE Grand Central station there is a viaduct crossing over Forty-second Street ; below it is Forty-second Street itself. Beneath that are two levels of underground sidewalks and ramps. Then there, is the Times Square subway shuttle. Then comes the level of the Lexington Avenue subway trains. Beneath that is the Queensborough subway, and still farther down is the underground power plant for the Grand Central zone; seven levels in all.

Industrial Democracy at Indianapolis

WITH rare wisdom and generosity the Hap-good brothers, owners of the Columbia Conserve Company of Indianapolis, have turned over their million-dollar business to their employees. Wages in this plant are based on needs, not efficiency or earning power. The rate is fixed by fellow workers. Married men are automatically paid more than single men, and are paid extra for each child up to three in number. Jobs are permanent. Old age pensions are provided. Last year the concern made a net profit of $163,000.'     .

An Intelligent Shepherd Dog •

POLICE dog became entangled in a -wire and was held an involuntary prisoner in a

Franklin (N. II.) wood. An intelligent shepherd dog found him, sensed his predicament, and succeeded in bringing a human creature to help him out of his trouble. In the effort to find somebody that would come in to the aid of the police dog the shepherd dog had worn a smooth path from the edge of the wood to the place where the captive was enmeshed. Dogs do not shoot one another. They have no chaplains. They do not use poison gas.

Rayburn Expounds the Scriptures

“HOLINESS” preacher in Englewood, Tennessee, did not preach to suit one of his hearers, another “reverend” gentleman by the name of Rayburn. Mr. Rayburn undertook to set him straight and was invited to leave. One of the congregation tried to accelerate his gait and Rev. Rayburn’s daughter knocked him down twice. At this distance it looks as if in Englewood the Scripture which reads, “Fight the good fight of faith,” had been changed to read, “If thy brother disagreeth with thee, sock him in the jaw.”

“Labor” Compares Bethlehem and France

COMMENTING caustically on the arrangement by which the Bethlehem Steel Company paid its president last year $1,623,753 in salary and bonus, most of it as a direct incentive to keep wages down to the lowest possible levels, the labor periodical Labor compares this foolish system to that of Louis XVI who used to farm out the French taxes on a somewhat similar plan. It worked for a time, but after a while it did not work; and all know what happened. A group of Bethlehem executives received a total of $36,493,668 in bonuses from 1911 to 1929, inclusive. Think what this would have meant to the workers if it had been more equitably distributed.

Common Sense in Oregon

THE Portland (Oreg.) News recently made the common sense statement: “If we spent a hundred million dollars making peace in China, raising the living standard of millions of Chinese, we should get our money back in a year or two, besides making American factories hum. If we could make India’s teeming population ambitious for better living, spur Hindu and Mahometan to earn more, we could put hundreds of thousands of our people to work, supplying their needs. Today’s problem is not to cut production, but to increase consumption. While one baby goes hungry, while one man lives in filth and poverty, w’hile one woman lacks every modern appliance in her home, there should not be any talk of overproduction.”

The Rulers of India

A CCORDING to The Nation, Colonel Osburn, formerly a medical officer in India, denounces the Englishmen who go to India from Harrow, Eton and other schools as the most merciless and incapable of rulers. He says of the average civil or military official that he despises all Indians, bullies, beats, flogs and mutilates them, curses them on the roads, berates them obscenely in shops and public places, flouts their customs, and outrages their religious feelings and observances. He drinks heavily, gambles, dances, makes love to other men’s waves, and boasts of the outrageous abuse which he has visited upon merchants, farmers, workers and others. To take an Indian’s part brings down upon the offender suspicion, ostracism or official rebuke.

New Zealand Administration of Samoa

WRITING of New Zealand’s wretched administration of Western Samoa, A. W. Page, M.A., of New Zealand, has this to say: “The record of tyranny, persecution and callous brutality, culminating in the cold-blooded, shooting last December of native chiefs, which stains the New Zealand administration of Western Samoa, is as vile as anything known in the history of modern imperialism. Here is a civilized and cultured population of about 40,000 souls, of fine physical and mental development, being hunted and harried like wild beasts by their New Zealand rulers. An ordinance passed comes into force at once and does not need the sanction of the New Zealand Parliament. Thus the Samoans are completely at the mercy of foreign legislators in a foreign country, usually in complete ignorance of the territories for which they are legislating.”

Human Fertilizer Plants Proposed

T) ROBABLY he was only joking, but a writer J- in the Tacoma News Tribune has proposed that the government build abattoirs in which all poor persons above the age of 45, together with the criminals, idiots, insane, maimed and diseased, be slaughtered mercifully and their carcases be made into phosphate to be sold to the farmers at cost. To this list of objectionable persons should be added those who object to paying the Power Trust fifteen to twenty times the cost of what the Power Trust has to sell. It would seem that here is a great cause w-orthy of the publicity department of the Power Trust and one to "which they could give themselves with rare abandon. Having killed off all persons objectionable to them they could shove the rates up instead of down, make the service charge twice what it now is, and in other ways help make the world ready for a Power Trtist paradise.

McCoy Offended when Recognized as Corpse

TWO insurance men on Staten Island opened up a business of making out death certificates and forging the names of doctors, undertakers, cemetery officers, health department clerks, witnesses and beneficiaries. Then they collected the insurance on the dead men that were not dead. All went smoothly until another insurance man recognized John McCoy as one of those upon whom death benefits had been paid. McCoy was o .Tended when it was brought to his attention that he was legally dead, and insisted such is not the ease. In fact he made out such a good presentation of the matter that about forty others in the community took the same view of things. None of these were willing to admit that they were as dead as the death certificates stated. No doubt the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company will try to get some of this money back from the agents, and they are likely to spend some time in retirement, thinking the matter over more carefully..

World-wide Business Depression

EFERBINGr to the world-wide business depression, Julius H. Barnes, chairman of the board of directors of the United States Chamber of Commerce, in an address in Cleveland, recently said: “Today in America and throughout the world, we face a period of doubt and hesitation. Surpluses of commodities that move in world trade have depressed price levels in many lines to the depression point. Wheat of America, Canada, Argentina and Australia has lost the stimulative price of a year ago. Cotton of America and India and Egypt has entered the price level of discouragement. Copper of Africa, South America, Canada and the United States has reached the level of loss for marginal producers. Cattle of Argentina and sheep of Australia present an unprofitable level of trade balances in international commerce. But all of these surpluses are of such small percent of total production that a rise in the living standards of Europe approaching those of America would absorb these surpluses and call for stimulative production.”

P/Iishigan Slipping Badly

SUBSCRIBER in Michigan reports more than three times the number of arrests in the district where he lives in the first six months of 1930 as compared with the first six months of 1929. Some of the causes of arrest, and in the order of their frequency, were as follows: motor vehicles, prohibition, assault and battery, conservation laws, disorderliness, larceny, defrauding by checks, lewdness, concealed weapons, false pretenses, forgery, nonsupport, breaking and entering, defrauding boarding house, nonpayment of labor, destroying property, disposing of mortgaged property, possession of

stolen goods, rape, resisting an officer, search warrants, oral threats, uttering and publishing, narcotic laws, abandonment of wife, selling merchandise under weight, bribery, desertion, vagrancy, embezzlement, highway laws, homicide, impersonation of officers, indecency, leaving scone of accident, failure to deliver title, school laws, soliciting funds without license, cruelty to horses, keeping dog without license, felonious assault, bastardy, no barber’s license, bigamy, unchastity, gambling, escape from jail, maintaining public nuisances, criminal libel, operating stand for soft drinks without license, obtaining property under false pretense, concealing contract property, prostitution, seduction, selling cigarettes to minors, and criminal slander. What a terrible bunch these Michiganders are thus shown to be 1                                 -

Hurrah for Judge Runyon!

UST because we have some, unemployment in the United States, and because soviet

Russia is selling paper, pulp, coal, textiles, matches and other things at loss than we can produce them for, there is at present a wave of anti-Communism spreading over.the land, one of America’s temporary fits of insanity. In New Jersey a man who happened to be a believer in Communism was arrested and held four days in jail, not charged with any offense indictable in New Jersey as a crime. He finally came before Judge William N. Runyon, of the United States District Court, and that able and level-headed magistrate apologized to him for the inconvenience he had been caused and then said:

I don’t take it that this government is designed to throttle a man’s ideas, to close his mouth. I believe that free speech is just as much today an incident and a principle of this government as it ever was. I believe you have the right to express your ideas as and when you please so long as those ideas so expressed are not designed to undo and destroy our government. The exchange of your ideas, the announcement of your ideas in the course of conversation, are a part of your rights.

These words of sound sense on the part of a great jurist ought to be an eye-opener to some of these public officials here in this country who ought really to be clothed in skirts or rompers rather than in trousers, and are afraid of their own shadow after dark, and even in the daylight.

Corn Sugar By BI. E. Coffey (Texas)

Ij^OR our health's sake we should give due consideration to the foods we eat. An attempt is made in the following discussion of corn sugar to convey to the mind of the reader a correct understanding of what this name did mean and its meaning as generally applied today. I take liberty also to digress from a strict adherence to theme subject in order to bring to light facts which the public deserve to know’ in reference to several foodstuffs.

Corn Sugar and Corn Syrup in History

Before the rediscovery of America by Columbus the Aztecs and other people of America, were manufacturing corn sugar and corn syrup. The Universal Encyclopedia and Atlas (1895) says: “Humboldt reported, in an account of his visit to Mexico, that before the arrival of the Europeans, the Mexicans, as well as the Peruvians, pressed out the sap in the maize stalks and by concentration thereof prepared sugar, and Cortez reported to Charles V that the Mexicans had for sale honey, wax, sirup and sugar from the maize stalks, which were as sweet as sugar cane. From the maize grown in Germany in 1766 Justi obtained a fairly good sugar, and in Italy in 1748 Jacquin and Mara-belli erected a mill for pressing maize stalks and succeeded in making sugar therefrom.”

On pages 138, 139, volume 1, of Prescott’s History of Mexico is given an interesting description of the corn sugar industry of early America. I quote: “The great staple of the country, as, indeed, of the American Continent, was maize, or Indian corn which grew freely among the valleys and up the steep sides of the tableland. The Aztecs were as curious in its preparation, and as well instructed in its manifold uses, as the most expert New England housewife. Its gigantic stalks, in these equinoctial regions, afford a saccharine matter not found to the same extent in northern latitudes, and supplied the natives with sugar not inferior to that of the cane itself, which was not introduced among them until after the conquest.”

A paper written by Governor Winthrop of Massachusetts was published in 1678 in the “Philosophical Transactions”, Royal Society of Great Britain, a part of which states: “A sirup as sweet as sugar may be made of it, as has been often tried. And meats sweetened with it have not been distinguished from the like sweetened with sugar. Trial may easily be made, whether it will not be brought to crystallize or shoot into a saccharine powder, as the juice of sugar cane.”

Until recent years producers of corn sugar and corn syrup were to be found in a number of agricultural localities. As an example I mention Mr. F. L. Stewart, of Murraysville, Pennsylvania, who as late as 1904 exhibited at the Louisana Purchase Exposition samples of coni sugar and corn syrup from his factory.

History of a Sugar Falsely Called Corn Sugar

The chemical name for sugar made from the juices of the cornstalk, or from sugar cane, or from beets, is sucrose. Maple sugar is also sucrose, and honey is chiefly dextrose and levulose, with about 8 percent sucrose and containing a minute amount of other substances. Corn sugar as the name applies today is entirely dextrose. It is manufactured chiefly from corn starch by the catalytic action of hydrochloric acid on the starch grains. Hence a more appropriate name for it would be “starch sugar”. The same kind of sugar (dextrose) can be (and has been) made from the starch of the potato, cassava, rice, sorghum grains and other plant starches. Ordinary wood cellulose can be treated with concentrated acids to form the same kind of sugar (dextrose).

Credit for the discovery of the process for converting starch into dextrose by means of acids belongs to a Russian chemist of German ancestry named Gottlob Kirchof, who made the discovery in 1806 and revealed it to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1812. His government bestowed a life pension on him for this service. Interest was keen in Kirchof’s discovery during Napoleon’s blockade of continental Europe. On the overthrow of Napoleon interest quickly subsided. Resumption of normal commerce came rapidly and the beet sugar industry developed rapidly in France and Germany, which further lessened interest in the discovery. Detailed information and many other facts and history are to be found in a book published by Dr. H. Wichelhaus, at Leipzig, and entitled Der Starkezucker.

Some sixty-five years ago Dr. F. W. Goerling organized the Union Sugar Company in New York for manufacturing s⁺arch sugar and starch syrup under a new process patented by him, but the enterprise was not a lasting success. About 1880 Chicago manufacturers invested a million dollars in a corn sugar factory which was a failure, but in New York city about the same time Matthiessen and Wichers began manufacturing starch sugar and starch syrup under directions of the chemist Dr. Arno Behr and were successful commercially.

It is to a large extent due to Dr. Behr’s discoveries that corn is used so extensively today in producing starch, dextrose, commercial glucose, maize oil, gluten feed, etc. Although millions of dollars were spent in the attempt it was not until 1923 that the Bureau of Standards, Washington, succeeded in producing from corn starch a sugar (dextrose) chemically more than 99.9 percent pure and of clear white crystalline appearance.

The bureau claimed to have dedicated its discovery to the public good. It sent Mr. W. B. Newkirk to perform some experiments at the factory of the Corn Products Refining Company. Mr. Newkirk demonstrated his ability to make dextrose of high quality from corn starch. Subsequently the Corn Products Refining Company offered him a large salary and he left the services of the government. He then took out patents covering the process of manufacturing crystallized dextrose. Whether or not any of these patents cover processes discovered in the Bureau of Standards has never been divulged.

Today the Corn Products Refining Company have a practical monopoly of the manufacture of sugar from corn starch. Pennick & Ford are a subsidiary of this company (Corn Products Refining Company), and other independent companies have come under its control. The reader may judge how well the discoveries of the Bureau of Standards benefit the public.

The New Com Sugar Described

The new factory-made corn sugar (starch sugar) is not found in nature, but dextrose is found in the blood stream of man and- other animals. Because the new sugar differs in chemical properties from ordinary cane sugar it cannot be substituted wholly or in part for cane sugar. Corn sugar is only four-fifths as heavy as cane sugar and from one-half to three-fourths as sweet as cane sugar. It has been found that when corn sugar is heated with a mild alkali, as hard water or sweet milk, the product (bakery goods, or what not) develops a slightly bitter taste and becomes rather dark in color.

Since the new sugar caramelizes at a lower temperature than cane sugar, it is not satisfactory for candy brittles. These facts are gleaned from Bulletin 92 of the Iowa State College of Agriculture. Corn sugar is less soluble than cane sugar, and this is found to be a great disadvantage in preparing many foods. Jams, jellies and the like made with corn sugar have been found to be inferior in quality and appearance. This fact is certified to by the National Preservers Association.

How a Great Fraud Was Perpetrated

Before the enactment of the Pure Food Law the new corn sugar was called “grape sugar” (dextrose), and syrup made from starch was called “glucose”. Glylcys, from which the word “glucose” is derived, is a Greek word meaning “sweet”. Back in 1898 when it was opposing the mixed flour law, passed in that year, the present Corn Products Company went under the name “Glucose Sugar Refining Company”. Glucose sugar would be an appropriate name for the present corn sugar.

After the enactment of the pure food law the Corn Products people desired to have the name “corn syrup” applied to their glucose syrup. In 1907 their Mr. Bedford wrote the Board of Food and Drug Inspection: “We are advised by our attorneys that in their opinion the courts would uphold us in the use of the title ‘Corn Sirup’, but we do not want to seek relief in that way. We hope to get it from your honorable body.”

In the same year Dr. Harvey AV. Wiley, in a statement to the secretary of agriculture said: “The term ‘sirup’ means a sirup which is eaten on the table and which can only be made from the juice of sugar-producing plants according to the official standards and according to its accepted and common meaning. Thus glucose (commercial) could not possibly, with any ethical or legal right, be known as corn sirup. The only reason for wanting to use the name is to deceive the purchaser. True corn sirup has been made in this country in large quantities as far back as the Revolutionary War, and espe-

daily in large quantities in the decade between 1840 and 1850, as the records of the Patent Office, which at that time published the agricultural reports, will show. The term ‘corn sirup’ can therefore apply only to the product obtained from the saccharine juices of the maize stalk. To designate glucose under the name of ‘corn sirup’ is a violation of all the ethical and legal principles on which the enforcement of the food and drugs acts is based, as well as the plain letter of the law itself.”

Under the federal Food and Drugs Act the only office in the United States with authority to decide whether an article is adulterated or misbranded is the Bureau of Chemistry. In 1907 this bureau decided that under the law “corn sirup” when used to designate glucose was a misbranding.

When proof of this decision was read to Mr. Roosevelt, who was president at the time, he assumed a false authority which he did not possess and ordered the secretary of agriculture to change the decision of the Bureau of Chemistry, The Bureau of Chemistry could not be convinced that it was wrong, even by the president and the secretary of agriculture, and in order to make the act of the president appear legal the committee referred to at the beginning of this paragraph as the Board of Food and Drug Inspection was appointed. This committee has by law no right to exist. It was given authority by the president to make decisions over the Bureau of Chemistry, and the name ‘corn sirup’ was now legalized (apparently) when applied to glucose.

At the time that this great fraud was perpetrated the Bureau of Chemistry had, from extensive experiments on young men, come to the conclusion that the use of sulphur fumes in preserving and refining foods was injurious to the health. Thus the food manufacturers who used sulphur and other injurious chemicals combined with the Corn Products Company and had the president, by executive edict, repeal certain activities of the Bureau of Chemistry which determined whether or not in certain cases a food product was adulterated.

The Remsen Board of Consulting Scientific Experts (an illegal board) was appointed to investigate certain subjects anew, and during its period of activity all activities of the Bureau of Chemistry in control of certain food adulterants was forbidden—among them sulphur dioxide, benzoate of soda, sulphate of copper, saccharine and alum.

This illegal body, after several years of investigation (?), came to the conclusion (which they probably had at the beginning) that the use of sulphur fumes, benzoate of soda, and alum were entirely harmless. The reader may judge as to how far the welfare of the consumer has been neglected and the law overridden to satisfy the greed of selfish food trusts and the lust of public officials for gold.

The Corn Sugar Fraud Attempt

Not satisfied with the millions they have amassed since the corn sirup fraud the Corn Products Trust are now seeking to have the legislative branch of the United States government modify the provisions of the Pure Food Law that they may accumulate even more millions at the people’s expense.

Since 1926 and earlier they have been seeking to put through Congress an amendment to the Food and Drugs Act which would allow the use of corn sugar in other foodstuffs ’without this fact’s being made known on the label. Thus canned fruits in which cane or beet sugar is usually the sweetening agent would be sweetened with corn sugar (dextrose) and there would be nothing on the label to inform the consumer of the fact.

The new sugar would be used in canned milk and in preserves, jellies, etc., without the consumer’s being the wiser. Maple syrup and honey could be made to contain fifty percent or more of the new sugar without the consumer’s being-able to detect the adulteration, since there would be no label declaration.

In defense of this newest proposed fraud which the representatives of the people themselves are being requested to legalize it is claimed the corn growers of the United States would be immensely benefited. It is claimed that all the surplus of corn (or a large part of it) could be converted into sugar and consumed in place of cane sugar which is imported and that the raise in the price of corn would benefit the producer.

The Corn Growers Association was represented as favoring this legislation. It was found on investigation that this Association was composed of about twelve corn sugar people.

In 1928, when the second corn sugar bill was introduced in Congress, Dr. William R. Catheart, of the Com Products Refining Company, wrote a booklet which was represented on the title page as an address delivered by him at the meeting of the American Farm Bureau Federation in Chicago, December 7,1927. A letterhead of the Bureau was reproduced on the first inner cover page, and a letter, supposed to have been written by a high official of the Bureau, in which it was stated that the Bureau supported the corn sugar bill. But the records of the Bureau meeting referred to show that Dr. Cathcart was present but not permitted to deliver his address and that the Bureau refused to endorse the corn sugar bill.

In April, 1929, when the third corn sugar bill was introduced in Congress, it was heralded as a farm relief measure. The comments of sane thinkers on this proposed relief measure indicate that the relief claim is false. The Lincoln State Journal says, “For entertainment and whatever else it may be worth, this 'eat more corn’ movement is good enough, but as a remedy for agricultural depression it cannot seriously count. Whoever eats more of the corn farmer’s product must eat less of some other farm product.” The Milwaukee Journal states, “If everybody substitutes hominy for wheat cereals and corn bread for wheat bread, what is going to happen to the wheat farmers? You cannot more force canners to use corn sugar than you can compel the general public to ‘eat a corn sugar lollypop a day’.”

In 1928 Mr. Chester A. Gray, head of the legislative department of the American Farm Bureau Federation, was bitterly opposed to the corn sugar bill, but it now^T happens, in the year 1930, that Mr. Gray is supporting the bill. Though the Bureau has never endorsed the corn sugar legislation fraud it is represented as endorsing it by corn sugar representatives, and thus the American farmer is represented as willing to take business away from himself and turn it over to great food factories. Those interested in current developments will be interested to observe during this year whether or not the second great fraud with reference to a corn starch product is perpetrated and the health of the people further undermined.

Is the Pure Food Law a Benefit?

Since the passage of the corn sugar bill mentioned in the foregoing would mean the beginning of the downfall of the Pure Food Law, it might be well to inquire whether or not the law is beneficial to the people. Conditions existing before 1906 would indicate that it is beneficial.

Back in 1812 surgeon Mann recorded that flour rationed out to soldiers in northern New York was adulterated with plaster of Paris and produced diarrhea and other gastrointestinal affections. During the Civil War a contractor was arrested for selling an extract of coffee which was so adulterated as to seriously injure the health of the soldiers.

Records of samples of baking powder before 1906 show that they contained about 30 percent pulverized rock. Jams made from summer squash, white turnips and glucose sirup were sold which were made palatable with artificial extracts. There were fruit jellies made from animal jelly, glucose and artificial colors. Most jams were adulterated with cannery refuse, clover seeds, glucose and artificial flavors. Milk, in addition to having all the cream removed and its volume increased by water, was also adulterated with chalk and dirt. Butter was increased in volume by the addition of animal jelly. Maple syrup was made of ordinary syrup with a few ounces of hickory bark added and was difficult to distinguish in flavor from the genuine article.

These are only a few examples of adulterations which were practiced extensively before 1906. It is true that many other deceptions and adulterations have been practiced since the law of 1906 went into effect, but on the whole it has been of considerable protection to the general public.

Corn Sugar in the Future

It will be seen by observation as well as common experience that man has been able to do little to benefit his present condition, because of prevailing selfishness and the unseen power for evil, Satan. Now, under the increasing light of earth’s rightful Ruler, Christ, fraud and wrongdoing are being brought to light. We may be sure that, in time, under the reign of the Prince of Peace every article of food will be known by a name by which the consumer can distinguish its true source and properties.

If the “new corn sugar” continues to be regarded as a useful article of food everyone will know that it is manufactured from starch and will not confuse it with sugars from the juices of plants. There will be no deceptions under Christ’s rulership. No greedy conspiracies will

be permitted against the health of the people, health; for the prophet assures us, "They shall It will not be possible for people to unwittingly not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain purchase and consume foods injurious to the [kingdom].”—Isa. 11:9.

Just Missed Being a Billionaire

NOT many men have just missed^!being a billionaire, but that is seemingly true of Q. A. Liebtag, retired telegrapher of Monongahela division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, if we may believe the Pennsylvania News, organ of the great system. The News says:

While working on the C. & P. division of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1873, he, in conjunction with Trainmaster P. Brunner, constructed a crude instrument and attached it to the telegraph wire and held a conversation over a distance of two miles. At that time this feat -was not considered of any practical value. It was not until 1876 that Dr, Bell’s invention was announced to the world.

Of Interest to Flower Enthusiasts By Malcolm Rolls (California)

AFTER reading the article on flowers in

The Golden Age No. 282, it occurred to me that perhaps those who are flower enthusiasts ■would like to have seeds of some of our California wild flowers. We have a great number of very lovely flowers and I should be glad to send those who really would get pleasure from them a few seeds of our wild Penstemon, a beautiful deep purple, tubular bloom growing on large stalks three to five feet high. Others might also be gotten without much effort.

I know these would bring a great deal of happiness which perhaps those receiving might like to abundantly repay in the form of a few of their native floAver seeds. I would like to exchange with foreign countries, China or Africa, or where possible. No money; just a mutual exchange of happiness.

History of the Dahlia By E. H. Gloege (Wisconsin)

UNDER the title of "The Flower of the Field”, appearing in the July 9 issue of The Golden Age, on page 647, under the heading of “Dahlia”, I find the statement that the dahlia “was not introduced into Europe until 1879”. Possibly this is a typographical error, with the 7 and 8 reversed.

The dahlia was introduced from Mexico into Spain in 1789, and then into England. These plants were lost and the dahlia (named after the Swedish botanist Dahl) was reintroduced into Europe in 1804, this time into England, and from these plants and others introduced subsequent to 1815 the present British stock originated.

I do not know when it was introduced into Germany, but as early as 1826 it was grown there by my grandfather, Frederick Gloege, and as early as 1848 by my father, Herman L. Gloege. Grandfather grew the dahlia uninterruptedly for sixty-three years with nine previous years to add, or a total of seventy-two years. Both first grew it in Germany and later in the United States.

The family of Gloege has now grown the dahlia without an interruption for 104 years, thirty-four in Germany and seventy here. The bulletin of “The American Dahlia Society” for April, 1926, (Series VII, No. 36, p. 34) gave this story, more elaborated: A challenge for a longer record, after more than four years, remains unanswered,

I do not know if a correction in The Golden, Age would be of much consequence, but I am giving you this bit of information to correct the statement as given. Should you consider it worth -while you are at liberty to use as much or as little of this letter of correction as you see fit.

I enjoy The Golden Age for the information it contains, information that is brief and to the point and not found in any other publication. I know of. In that respect it seems to be in a class by itself.

Doodle Bug Operation By H. 'A. Scott (California')

DOODLE Bug Operation is the means used by science to answer commercialism’s question: Where did the Creator bury His oil sands? The Hmde used to designate the operation came from the tiny craters excavated by the larvae of the winged ant lion. This larvae and his immature craters in the loose sand are universally known to the childhood of the southwest as doodle bugs.

Who has not seen children armed with a cigar box with a little sand investigating crater after crater hunting for the interesting little chap who has the power to throw out the sand, comparatively equal to a man with a steam shovel?

The object of Mr. and Mrs. Winged Ant Lion’s baby is to make a pitfail to catch some unwary little ant. And if any ant ventures to look over the brink of one of these little pitfalls, he is apt to feel the sand slipping under his feet and to start on a downward course that is sure to end in his destruction; for baby winged ant lion awaits him at the apex of his little inverted cone-shaped excavation.

Both the small excavations and the “shell” hole blown out by the dynamite charge are sim-. ilar to craters of the doodle bug. The trucks used by the scientists have a strange resemblance to giant beetles of the tumblebug type as they wind their way through sagebrush of the trackless desert.

The theory upon which doodle bug operations are based may be readily understood by the example of the drum. A stroke on the head of the drum; stroke two will result in vibrations far different from those resulting from a stroke on the edge of the drum; stroke one again; if a golf ball be dropped on a pavement, the concussion will be greater, but the rebound will be far greater in the case of the rubber ball. If a number of dynamite strokes be given the great earth oil drum, simultaneously the vibrations resulting would be much like those observed when shaking a run, provided the stroke is given the head of the oil drum.

Possibly if the stroke was given on solid ground near the edge of oil sand the reverse would be true. In that case the vibrations would be short and fast but would lengthen relatively to the distance from the solid until they would subside into great swells like the ripples resulting from a stone dropped into the water.

More than a Chinese puzzle to most people is the proven fact that the earth crust moves like the swells in the ocean, but examples of the great oil drums filled with plastic oil sand will help to comprehend this phenomenon.

Earth oil drums are sometimes ten miles long, and often several miles wide and as much as 200 feet in thickness. A map of a series of these oil pools in California, known as the Taft and Colinga oil fields, resembles the map of our great lakes on the Canadian border; and they extend from southeast to northwest for more than a hundred iiiiles.

The scientists carrying on these operations mind their own business and say little. They have no evidence of their work except little holes about the size of the crown of your hat, and occasionally a series of shell holes about eight or ten feet across. The small holes are marked by small white flags backed to lath. These, together with section corners marked with higher white and red flags, make one think some surveying party has been by. The little flags are seen here and there, sometimes on top of a hill, sometimes dotting desert slopes that extend far out from the foothills into the lowlands.

The doodle bug operations are very extensive and cover many hundreds of square miles. A big foreign company recently purchased 6,000 acres near McKittrick, Calif., on the strength of these operations.

The equipment used is interesting. Four types of truck and cars are used: a touring car, a truck and delivery body, a dandy little boring machine mounted on the rear of a small truck, and a truck carrying reels of cable used in detonating the charges of dynamite.

The discovery of oil by experimental methods is very expensive and not always successful, and frequently not profitable. A rig (the name given to an oil derrick) and equipment cost from $60,000 to $100,000. Forty thousand feet of lumber is used in a derrick. For safety, they use from three to five big steam boilers to furnish power for the drilling operations. Fishing in a 3,000-foot well is a very expensive operation. Frequently a string of tools breaks away, and in one case tvco years have been spent in fishing without results.

Sometimes a crooked hole gives much trouble; 500 feet from the perpendicular is the greatest variation recorded. At one well at Young Beach, Calif., the hole came out in another well. With

the expensive difficulties to face, it is better to know your oil and drill afterwards; and science answers your inquiries.

What a day of rejoicing when earth’s millions may have the benefit of all of God’s heritage to men and all the accumulated knowledge of past ages will be available for their use! No hidden thing, no lost art, no inefficiency, no possibility of failure, no accidental mishap.

“Stuff and nonsense!” you say! Not a bit of it.

We are soon to see perfect men on earth: perfect bodies crowned with perfect minds; any less would not be perfect. Imperfect work results from imperfect workmen. The new Ruler of earth is a Master; He has never had a failure and never made a mistake; nor will those perfect ones who are the workmanship of His hands. The wonders of the coming age will open to them, and in turn they will give freely and man will rejoice in the benefits.

Our Insane Medium of Exchange

T NOTE the items “Holding Companies Will A Dominate Railroads” and “General Electric Stock Splitting”. Such actions are made possible by the fact that how long one person is to work for another is determined on some other basis than that of hour-for-hour exchange of human work. And the fact that prices are so fixed that some are forced to work for others longer than others work in return, produces an incentive on the part of those in a position to get worked for without working in return, to

By Miss Vaughn Brokaw (Arizona)

get just as great a duration of work from others as possible without themselves having to work for anyone. The wrong method of transferringhuman work produces incentives -which cause humans to act in a manner injurious in one way or another both to others and to themselves. Not until they get a clear concept of equal freedom for sane adult human creatures, and what it must involve, will the people be able to end the economic and financial evils of today.

Poltergeist in Southern France

AN ITEM in the Philadelphia Record gives details of a case of “Poltergeist” at Roclie-piquee in southern France. “Poltergeist” is the work of demons, a positive proof of their existence. The report shows that the local authorities know something of the phenomena, but nothing as to their cause. The most interesting paragraphs of the story follow:

The phenomena consist in face-slapping by invisible hands. Any man or woman who ventures to approach the cottage of Jean Rozier receives a stinging-slap in the face without seeing his aggressor.

The impartiality and thoroughness of the invisible slapper have filled even the veteran gendarmes with superstitious terror. Police commissaries, professors, hundreds of curious and skeptical visitors, including newspaper men, have all had a biff in the face.

In addition there has been an equally baffling rain of stones on the humble little dwelling. There are constant nocturnal noises in the garret which shake the place like the roll of thunder. Furniture is upset, doors are slammed, beds unmade, and two of the watch dogs have been mysteriously killed.

The most puzzling, and at the same time most cruel peculiarity of the manifestations, is the fact that the peasant’s little children often wake up with screams of alarm and are found to have their faces bleeding as if they have been scratched.

The savants, after a thorough investigation, declare that it is the most baffling and sensational case of so-called “poltergeist” that has come to their attention for many years. Such occurrences, Professor Bidet, of Paris, said, are by no means infrequent in rural regions, but he admitted never having witnessed any case of similar violence and duration.

“We know,” he said, “that the phenomena have to do with Rozier’s 13-year-old daughter. This our investigation has established definitely.

“It’s often a young girl who is the center and perhaps the cause of such baffling occurrences.

“There is no doubt of the invisible slapping. I have received a stinging whack myself, and I know this won’t happen if the girl is absent from the house.

“But who performs the humiliating trick, and how it is done, remains a mystery in this case, as in all the hundreds of similar cases in rural France that have come to my attention.”

Massachusetts Doctors to Assist God

FEELING that babies, as they are made by the Creator, are not really fit to enter upon the privileges of this life until after the medical profession have adequately poisoned their blood with vaccine pus, George H. Bigelow, state public health commissioner of Massachusetts, is introducing a bill in the Massachusetts legislature that would require vaccination of all infants before the end of the first year and revaccination early in their school life. Mr. Bigelow says: “This is the solution of smallpox, rather than vaccination clinics after disease has sickened many, closed schools and disrupted the economic life of the community.”

\V. B. Fowler, of that state, the proud father of some bright children, is very enthusiastic about the Bigelow plan, and breaks forth into eloquence in the following manner:

Dr. Bigelow’s concern for the welfare of the people is so great that really it is most touching. Most touching’ 1! In fact one can almost see him pacing back and forth in his office wringing his hands and weeping great (crocodile) tears because of the “disrupted economic life of the community”, due solely to the fact that so many careless people have not been vaccinated for thirty years or more.

In order that business (for the doctors) 'might not be interrupted it is now proposed to vaccinate all infants before they reach the age of one year. Then to be doubly assured that business (for the medics) will be maintained on a sound basis it is proposed to repeat the performance “early in their school life”.

Shades of Pharaoh I! Must the slaughter of the innocents be repeated? It surely will be if this unscrupulous hound has his way, and since Massachusetts is the cradle of liberty (for the medical profession) it looks as though Dr. Bigelow and his gang of medical thugs would carry the day with flying colors. The lamentation and bitter weeping of Rachel in Ramah centuries ago will be duplicated in Massachusetts a thousand fold when the legislators on Beacon Hill put this piece of legislation on the statute books.

Oh, for ten thousand Albert W. Peacocks in this state who with the courage of their convictions will ■ go to prison if need be in order to arouse the people of this commonwealth to the awfulness of the calamity that will surely fall upon them, not because of smallpox epidemics, but because of the insane desire of the medical doctors to force their ideas upon the people for no other reason except that the business life of the community “must not be interrupted”.

Business in most lines is bad, I’ll admit. Evidently the glorious light of the new day of life, liberty and happiness for all mankind is making business in the medical profession so bad that the doctors are in mortal terror of being compelled to earn an honest living as some of the rest of us have to do. (Ecclesiastics excepted, of course.) Commissioner Bigelow’s proposed legislation manifests a panicky state of mind that is almost pitiful. Well, he is “loyal to the profession”, anyway, and that is something.

Thank God that earth’s rightful ruler, the Great Physician, is now about to put an end to the horrible practices of Satan’s counterfeit physicians by giving poor suffering humanity health and curing all their diseases; not by polluting their blood stream with the pus of a diseased animal, but by cleansing their inward parts with His Word of Truth, and writing His law upon their hearts! Thon the inhabitants of the land shall not say, “I am sick,” but the knowledge of the glory of Jehovah will fill the whole earth with joy and gladness and give the people perfect health. .

Thiallium

CpHE manufacturers of Tinallium claim that J- the annual losses from rust, white ants, fire hazards, electrolysis and barnacles is four billion dollars and that this waste could be stopped by the use of their products. We note their claims (which are important, if true), as follows:

Tinallium products consist of protective compounds for all metals, wood and concrete exposed to all kinds of atmospheric conditions.

Tinallium, preservative and paste, are proof against acids, alkali, corrosion, rust, teredos, white ants, electrolysis, oxidation, chemicals, heat, cold, steam, gas, or sulphur fumes, brine, or other destructive agencies, above or below the ground.

Tinallium has no equal or substitute on the market ; will not stain water or other liquids; will withstand contraction and expansion, is fire resistant, waterproof, non-conductor of electricity, contains no lead oils, graphite, creosote, pitch, or tar, and will immediately stop decay or rot. It is very penetrating; a filler and non-poisonous.

Tinallium is destined to revolutionize the industrial economy of the world.

Another Morning Brush Convert By A. John Evans (N. F.)

TpOR nearly three years I have been having -®- a morning brush, and, combined with other health measures, such as diet and exercise, etc., have been benefited a great deal; and my skin is rougher and healthier than before I started the morning brush. I use a large, stiff brush and brush from the wrists to the shoulders, then from my feet upward, finishing around the heart, the idea being to get the large blood vessels working. This dry friction also helps the lungs and kidneys by making the skin do its part of the elimination process of the body.

Mr. Rolls should try brushing his own spine, as the exercise would be good for him; my wife offered to brush that part of my anatomy for me, but I found with practice that I could manage it myself, and, as I have said, the exercise is good. I usually take a cold sponge down to the waist, and the brush afterwards. It’s fine!

Aluminum Cooking Recipes By Dr. C. T. Betts

USE an aluminum spoon for the purpose of stirring the whites of eggs fifteen minutes in an aluminum bowl or dish. Note the color of the product when finished stirring.

An aluminum shaker can be purchased at almost any hardware store. Place a pint of sweet cream in the shaker, shake for fifteen minutes, remove the cover, smell it, let it stand for five hours in the shaker, and drink it; also note the color. If the patient lives to tell the story the next day he will be indeed fortunate.

The cooking of tomatoes, rhubarb, apple sauce, etc., in an old soiled dish will have such a powerful chemical action in five minutes that all of the oxidized surface will be removed. The aluminum companies admit that in this case they are real lightning workers.

A gentleman called yesterdaj^ who did not want to be quoted in the matter, but he stated that one of the manufacturers or owners of an extensive aluminum manufacturing plant had admitted that aluminum ware is poisonous, but that they were gracefully changing over to the manufacture of stainless steel and that the sales had also fallen off to such an extent that it had become a serious objection to the further manufacture of aluminum ware.

The man that gave me this information is a reader of The Golden Age and thought the information would be of interest. I asked him to •write this to you, but he objected to having his name used in the matter.

T. B. Tested Milk By M. L. Ritchie (Pennsylvania)

issue of February 17 contains a little -d- article stating a few facts about milk. The writer shows how the pure milk taken from the cow is skimmed and reduced in butter fat before being served to city customers.

This is indeed a deplorable state of affairs; but if the skimming of milk were the only way the users of this most health-giving food were humbugged and robbed it would be a very trifling thing compared with some other deceptions put over on the consumers of milk.

The biggest fraud practiced in the milk business is one which claims to be a great benefit to the milk-consuming public. (This is the way the Devil always operates.)

The innocent, unsuspecting city milk customer buys a bottle of milk bearing the label “T.B. tested”. Now they think they have something and willingly part with a few extra cents a quart for such milk. They little realize what “T.B. tested” means. I honestly believe that this T.B. test of cows is one of the biggest deceptions practiced on the human family at this time, so far as their food is concerned.

If the consumers of milk could realize that a T.B. tested herd of cows means a herd that has had the poisonous serum pumped into their blood stream from time to time until their systems become so thoroughly saturated with this deadly poison that they become immune to it; if they knew that the cow which really is in the last stages of T.B. is invariably passed by this so-called test and left on the farm, and the healthy, producing cows are killed off; and that a cow’s milk directly after having this poison pumped into the blood stream is not fit for hog feed and would act better for rat poison than many of the preparations intended for this purpose: then they would not be so ready to part with their good money to help keep up this gigantic deception.

Alum and Chlorine in the Water Supply

I WISH to talk to you about alum and chlorine, used in the city drinking water, perpetuated in United States aqueducts by prejudices and involuntary deviation from truth. In the name of humanity you must have courage to enlighten the people and your neighbors to the dangers of such scourge.

According to Dr. Betts, the humanitarian physician of Toledo, and the most efficient and conscientious health officials, alum is recognized and conceded to be a poisonous substance capable of producing serious and even fatal results when taken into the system. It is poisonous, irritating and astringent, directly injurious or may split up into objectionable compounds. No salt of aluminum is a food product in itself; neither is it a natural constituent of the human body.

If, according to Parke Davis & Co., alum is a powerful astringent, for it causes animal tissue to contract, and rarely must be used internally, why is it to be taken daily in the water?

If alum is astringent and has styptic properties, if alum is soluble in water and is used as an emetic and locally in solution in conjunctivitis, laryngitis, leucorrhea and ulcers; if it is a medicine, why is it used daily in water ?

Alum, according to Dr. Clark’s materia med-iea, affects the anus. Then the patients who have syphilis will have cancer of the rectum, diarrhea ichorous, mixed with blood of an offensive odor, with great exhaustion, masses of coagulated blood.

Alum produces paralytic states, hoarseness and bronchial affections. Alum produces purulent otorrhea, lupus or cancer in nose, neuralgia, headache. Alum produces swollen, inflamed, spongy gums, and ulcers in mouth. In woman: copious leucorrhea with emaciation; indurations of uterus, even scirrhus; weight and prolapse of uterus.

A civilized nation as the United States must not be behind the times. The most illustrious physicians of the country must open their eyes and see the dangers of such hateful practice.

By Dr. Francisco Valiente T. (Colombia')

They must have in mind always that small doses of an irritant or drug given too frequently or over a long period may produce very disastrous results.

About chlorine I must tell you that death from heart diseases in Nev,⁷ York state, at the beginning of the century, w'as one in thirteen deaths. In 1912, it was one in ten; and now it is one in five deaths.

Dr. A. 1I. Grimmer, a physician of outstanding character and of literary ability of marked degree, shows the danger of chlorine, in Homeopathic Record of October 15 of 1926, saying: “A short while ago in New York city and also in Chicago clinics for the treatment of coryzas and catarrh with chlorine gas were given, I believe, under the auspices of the city Health Department. In Washington, D. C., this idea originated. I believe the Public Health Service was sponsor for it. It was broadcast and printed in the newspapers about the wonderful cures that chlorine gas was making and a great public interest was awakened.

‘■'But shortly the New York clinics discontinued these treatments as being injurious to the general health of the patients; even though the catarrhal symptoms were mitigated, too many damaged hearts resulted and it was discontinued. We heard very little in the newspapers about this damage, and another medical failure was allowed to quietly pass on.”

Now we see here a clinical experiment with chlorine alone, and its action upon the heart. Why not avail oneself of these clear facts in order to stop chlorination, for the sake of the public’s health?

I appeal to you, in the name of suffering humanity, in order to raise your valuable opinion against the use of the two poisons in aqueducts/ when there are intelligent engineers in your country who may have in practice filters, without using alum, and preferring the ozone as the best purifier of water, inoffensive and healthful, that brings health to the body and joy to the heart.

The “Sauva” Ants

PERHAPS it would be interesting to the readers of The Golden Age to hear something of one of the greatest enemies of the Brazilian farmers, which is the “sauna”, or cuttingant. Sauva, pronounced sah-6o-vah, of course is the common name by which they are known in the states of Rio de Janeiro and S. Paulo; but in the state of Minas Geraes they are called a formiga cortadeira, that is, “the cutting ant.” They abound in the open farming and grazing lands, in the old abandoned fields overgrown with brush, but very seldom are they found in the virgin forests.

Just as there are three classes and sizes found in a hive of bees, so there are three different sizes and classes found among the colonies of the sauva ants, and I may say four, as follows: First, there is the laboring class, averaginghalf an inch in length, with a head somewhat larger than the body, and these are neutral gender; then the queen, about an inch in length, with a head very small compared with her body, and an abdomen about the size of a large green sweet pea; then the drones or males, which are a little smaller than the queen, both of which have wings; and finally there is still another class, which are larger than the common laborers, with a very large head which looks as if it were polished. These shiny-headed ones are very seldom seen outside of the nest, where they remain most of the time, and it is supposed that their work is to cut into a pulp the leaves and tender twigs brought in by the laborers.

These ants are of a ruddy red color, although in some sections they are dark red, almost black. Their heads are triangular, ending at the lower point in two powerful serrated mandibles, with which they cause such terrible devastation to the truck gardens, fruit trees and floAvers.

Nothing pleases them better than to find a nice rosebush full of leaves and flowers; if they discover it in the evening, by next morning there ■will not be a single leaf left on the bush. Some of them climb up onto the branches and cut off the leaves in pieces in the shape of discs, from a quarter to half an inch in diameter.

While these are engaged cutting off the leaves, others, busily taking up the pieces by holding one corner between their mandibles and balancing it over the head, march away with their loot in fine style. It is wonderful how strong they are for their size: one of them can

By Vergilio Ferguson

lift a grain of corn (Indian), which is ten times his own weight. He takes a firm hold on the stem end of the grain and, after a long series of strenuous efforts, sometimes lasting five minutes, at last he succeeds in raising it by main strength over his head; then off he goes, proud, but trembling with the weight. Then if there is a stiff wind, many times his cargo is blown over and he is capsized'with it, as he has no intention of letting go his prize; so then he has to repeat his acrobatic efforts until he succeeds in reaching the underground tunnel, where the wind cannot annoy him any more, and which leads to his headquarters. These headquarters or nests are easily distinguished from a distance by the mound of fresh-looking earth brought to the surface in small pellets by the ants in opening their underground tunnels and excavations, where their food is prepared and the rearing of their brood takes place.

These mounds vary in size according to the number of years the colony has been established, averaging from two to three feet in diameter at the base a year or two after starting, up to twenty or thirty feet across after fifteen or twenty years. They are dome-shaped, the highest point measuring from two to four feet above the level of the ground.

The living and breeding quarters are composed of a series of pear-shaped excavations one above the other, averaging from five to eight inches in diameter and separated by partitions of earth of various thicknesses. As the laborers deposit their cargoes of leaves or twigs into these excavations and return for another, the big polished-headed ones are supposed to cut them into a fine mass like pulp, which with the underground heat, and perhaps aided by the saliva of the masticators, a fermentation is developed. This pulp is very soft and is built up in the excavations somewhat similar in appearance to a coarse quality of sponge.

Until a few years ago the general opinion was that the ants brought in the leaves for their food, but it was noticed that often there is found at the opening of their tunnels the dried pulp cast out, proving that it had not been eaten. At last it Avas discovered that as the pulp made from the green leaves begins to ferment a fungous growth or mushroom is produced and this is what they feed themselves with. So as soon as the sap is exhausted and no more fungus is produced it is cast out to make room for a fresh supply. It ” as also a problem to discover how and from what source comes the first supply of spores to start the growth of this kind of fungi when a new colony or nest is established by a single queen ant.

Only a few years ago the state government of S. Paulo contracted with one of the most eminent American entomologists to investigate and make a complete report of the life and habits of the sauva ants; so it was left to him to discover the secret, that is, that the queen ant, before leaving the home nest, takes a supply of spores of this fungus in the roof of her mouth, enough for a start in the future colony. This is how a new ant hill is established.

After a colony has been working for about two years it begins to send out in the spring of the year a number of queens; so, of course, the longer it remains, the greater will be the number of queens sent out each spring. A day or so after the first thunderstorm and heavy rain, about the end of October, it is interesting to watch the excitement around one of these ant nests. It is a great time with them; it is the day that the young queens take their leave to start new colonies. The mound where the nest lies will be covered all over with ants, large, small, young and old; all seem to be in a terrible state of excitement. At short intervals there appears at the entrance of the holes that lead down into their nest a young queen with large gauzy wings; alternately there emerges also amid the tumult a smaller ant, similar in appearance, having wings also, which is the male, corresponding with the drones found in the beehives. After a few minutes’ exercise with their wings they fly away in all directions on their nuptial flight and are mated in the air the same as the queen bees.

During a day or two thousands of them can be seen flying in different directions away from the old nest, while the hawks and other insectivorous birds hover around having a good feast as they swallow the abdominal part and drop the remainder of the body with the head and wings, only of the queens. The native children and negroes also gather them after they alight on the ground, pull off the abdomen and eat them raw or fried, saying it is very tasty. Amid all these enemies I suppose not more than one in a thousand escapes destruction before a new home is established.

Directly after this eventful trip the male ant listlessly drifts to the ground, where he dies of starvation in a few days. Now we will follow the queen to see what becomes of her. During the flight she may have traveled several miles from the home nest, and as soon as the mating has taken place she alights on the ground, preferably in an open space or old roads. Then the first thing is to get rid of her wings (which she does by taking hold of one at a time with her mandibles and breaking them off next to the body), as she will need them no more and they would be only an encumbrance in the work she is to undertake.

After running around hurriedly for a few minutes she soon selects a convenient spot on which she starts to work. There she immediately begins to dig a hole by cutting small pellets of the earth with her strong mandibles. These pellets are laid in a semicircle around the mouth of the hole, which is just large enough for her to go down in head foremost; and not having room to turn in, she returns to the surface tail foremost with the next load. In this way, as the earth is soft after the rain, in about an hour the hole is burrowed about seven or eight inches in depth, at the bottom of which there is a pocket excavated to the size of a goose egg. When this excavation is finished she takes up enough earth with which she firmly closes the opening to prevent other insects from intruding and to prevent the rain waters from running in. Here is where she starts laying eggs and rearing her young brood, and this becomes the nucleus around which the future colony multiplies and develops and becomes a threatening nuisance to all the crops, fruit trees and gardens near by.

From this nest they build tunnels leading out in all directions, about three-fourths of an inch in height by one and a half inches wide, which are some five or six inches below the surface of the ground. From these tunnels at different points an opening is made to the surface, from which a clean highway is built by clearing away all the debris, twigs, roots and grass about two inches wide, leading up to the trees or garden they have selected for their depredations. During the busy hours these roads are filled with ants of different sizes, some marching in haste with their cargo to headquarters and others returning for more.

They have been known to travel half a mile or more from their nest to reach a cotton field, which is their delight, and if they are left alone they will finally destroy a great part of the crop.

There are several different devices and machines put on the market with which these ants are killed. There are also a number of volatile ingredients prepared with a sulphurous basis of an inflammable nature, which (after removing the loose earth from the surface) is poured into several of the openings leading to the main center of the nest; and in a few moments the fume expands, filling the cavities. This is then set on fire by striking a match at one of the openings. A great explosion takes place, which continues underground for some time afterwards, filling most of the cavities and canals with the poisonous sulphurous fumes, which kills them.

One of the most practical and efficient machines now in use for fighting this pest consists of a portable cast-iron furnace, which is set over one of the main entrances of the nest. In this furnace a strong fire is made with charcoal, into which is thrown a few spoonfuls of a mixture composed of arsenic and sulphur. A tube is then connected to a powerful ventilator which drives these poisonous fumes into all the cavities, which generally gives good results when properly done. But if there is any cavity with eggs or young ants left that is not reached, they soon begin to multiply and start destruction again. .

To rid the country of this plague is a very serious problem, and one of the principal drawbacks lies in the fact that there is such a vast amount of outlying lands which are neither under cultivation nor in pasture, where these ants are found in great numbers. So even when ■with a great amount of work and expense the small farmers and truck growers, who suffer most, succeed in destroying the ants on the area around their own homes, they are always obliged to keep up a continual vigilance and warfare against new invasions, not only from the nests farther away, but also from new nests being started every year by the queens sent out from those outlying breeding-grounds, where no one is willing or able to exterminate them.

Still the farmers have one willing and valuable friend who helps in the fight against the sauvas, in the shape of the Tatu, pronounced tah-too; that is the armadillo, of which there are several species in Brazil. Although he is the cause of some damage among the crops of sweet potatoes and ground peas, he should be forgiven for this misdemeanor in exchange for the good he does in helping to destroy these ants. The next night after the queens have swarmed and settled down to business in their new homes, Mr. Tatu comes smelling along, and his nose guides him unfailingly to the spot where to find the queen; then he sets to work with his powerful claws and in a few moments he reaches the royal chamber, and without even a “with your leave”, he daintily swallows the inmate, then hurries off a few yards to repeat the operation on the next one. So in this way, in one night he may prevent hundreds of new colonies from developing into new centers of damage and destruction to the farmers.

The depredations by the sauvas are so great in some localities that a celebrated French naturalist, whose name I forget, when traveling-through Brazil making his observations, said that unless the Brazilians destroy the sauvas, the sauvas will finally destroy the Brazilians. But we rejoice to know that in the coming kingdom and restitution of all things “they shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain”. “And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, the cankerworm, and the caterpillar, and the palmerworm, [and the sauvas,] my great army which I sent among you.”'—Joel 2: 25.

Wonderful Organisation of Locusts

IpHAT the locusts which have recently been ravaging the whole of northern Africa and far into Asia and Europe have a most wonderful organization is believed by all who have studied their movements.

At a signal from their leader, billions of them ■will suddenly drop upon a given area and every green thing is destroyed instanter. At other times they will fly for hundreds of miles -without alighting. When they leave an area every one of them leaves.

The female locust lays four hundred eggs at a time, thereby putting the great American hen to shame. Locust eggs are laid in the ground, being pushed into the earth with the locust’s tail. A favorite method of killing them is to plow the ground and turn up the eggs to the rays of the tropic sun.

THE child of God knows from the above and 4- numerous other scriptures that there exists in the world today a great multitude of people (particularly in the denominational systems) who love God, but who through fear of the “ecclesiastical bullies” fail to carry out their vows to God. They sigh and cry for relief. God’s people are commissioned to go to these prisoners with the kingdom message and to feed them.

There are still some, however, who look upon this great multitude as something mythical. The reason is that to know of their existence we have to go to the people, door to door; and there we find them. The colporteur and the class workers meet them every day. Will you permit us to tell you of a trip we had through the Western Isles, Orkney and Shetland Isles, of Scotland, where we met many of the prisoners?

One September evening we sailed from Greenock (River Clyde) on the old cargo and cattle steamer “Dunora Castle”. It had been a dark, dismal, rainy day; and as we slid down the Clyde the dark clouds broke, and for a few minutes the glorious sun shone upon the waters of the Firth; and then it darkened again: a little picture of the great work of God on earth, in which we would have a part as we sent a shaft of light up the entire Hebrides by placing God’s message with the people in printed form.

Barra was our first island for service. Castlebay is the seaport; an important fishing center. There was quite a crowd at the pier as we tied up; and very conspicuous were the B. C. priests watching those coming ashore. They might have been there to give us a “warm welcome”, but probably just down to break the monotony of church life.

Barra is practically Catholic; and we had our first experience of sleeping in a Catholic home, with a “dozen saint images” arranged all around the room, giving us the good. If the “saints” had known what the cartons under the bed contained ! Our welcome in Barra was warm as far as the clergy were concerned; but in spite of them we placed many books with the people and were able to leave books at the Barra Head lighthouse.

Our next island was Eriskay. What a job we had to get “digs” here! We continually kept avoiding the schoolhouse until forced to try it. The Lord had a place there for us. The Catholic headmaster and mistress, learning the nature of

By James McPherson

our work, would not hear of our paying for accommodations. We left a full set of Studies with them. Eriskay has forty-eight inhabitants, Catholic with one exception. We left about fifty books..

Crossing the ferry to South Hist Island, we found a people entirely under the thumb of the clergy, both Protestant and Roman Catholic. Nevertheless, a few took courage and listened to the message with eagerness. Two of these are noteworthy:

In one isolated district where everyone refused to even listen to the canvass, one young Catholic woman timidly asked the colporteur inside her home. Home ! An old broken-down thatched cottage, with a cow living in the same compartment with the people. In one corner lay her father, a paralytic wreck; and in another lay her mother, also a physical wreck. The daughter was doing her best to care for them, although weak and sickly herself. How sweet God’s message was.to her! With trembling she purchased Deliverance, and immediately hid it m an old chest, saying she knew she should not buy, but she needed its comfort.

The other instance is that of a Catholic schoolmistress on the island. Her son in London had heard Judge Rutherford in the Royal Albert Hall giving the world powers a dusting, and had written commending it. She was ready to listen. By her questions she showed that she loved God and was groping to learn about Him. She purchased ten bound books and six booklets. She suffered much as a result of taking our books, but was glad to take a bold stand. She was secretary of the League of Nations for South Uist. At once she saw the subtlety of that league and admitted that it is of the Devil and decided to avoid it completely.

In the Island of Benbecula we found that our supply of books had not arrived, and so we had to continue to North Uist. This island is reached from Benbecula by means of a three-mile ford, when the tides are out. The folk of the Benbecula side lost no time in describing the difficulties of this ford, with its quicksands and its dangerous tides, and telling us that there was only one way, with a guide and a horse-trap and a “handsome charge”. However, they were dealing with “Scotch colporteurs”. We crossed that ford in about an hour and a half, with our boots and stockings around our neck, our trousers rolled up above our knees, and pushing our bikes loaded with cases, etc.

We found things a little tough in North Uist. For about three weeks we had rain, more rain, and still more rain; and our books for the island were delayed, owing to the stormy weather. The Benbecula consignment had been misshipped by rail and by sea, and turned up a month later. The care and wisdom of our heavenly Father was ever manifest in all these experiences.

When the north part of North Uist was finished, we moved to Loch Eport, on the southwest of the island. We stayed at the home of the local policeman. Soon the lovers of fire and brimstone got busy; and the preacher gave an oration against the truth, “based” upon the Comfort for the People question about “scoffers”! He declared that those who sheltered us were aiding the Devil’s work.

The policeman and his family, members of that church, were reading the books, and at once saw the position of their preacher. If our work had taken fifty years, we were welcome to stay at their home for that period. They did not again attend the church, and purchased every piece of the Society’s literature. The mother and the daughter in particular drank the truth from the Watch Tower we received. They stated that they were happy to have servants of the Lord stay with them.

In these islands the bread the people make is called “scone”. The Gaelic sounds “sconyah”. It is baked in many different forms, sometimes in huge slabs. A great quantity of tea is consumed by these people. In many of the homes the fire is set in the middle of the floor, the smoke sometimes finding its way out through a hole in the roof, but more often filling the house. The roof is made of mud, straw and heather thatching. Our work in North Uist was difficult, but our joy was full.

Harris w’as our next island. This island is very mountainous, with villages scattered all along the coast. We placed a goodly number of books. We then pushed our bikes over the mountains to Lewis, staying at Balallan. From here we worked what is known as the Park or “Loch’s District”. Sometimes we had to walk eighteen miles to our territory, carrying about eighty bound books between us. But the prisoners were there, every time. The “Wee Frees” are strong in Lewis. In the colporteurs’ note book “Wee

Frees” is defined as “hot stuff” or 100-percent hell fire.

We arrived at the time of Sacrament observance. This is the occasion that can be best used by the clergy to swing the “clubs”; and the heat at these meetings can be felt miles away. The services, many of them outdoors, were used to warn the people against the Society’s work, and particularly against Deliverance and Hell.

We attacked Stornoway first, placing many books, and, giving the clergy little time, went around the entire island by foot, covering the coastline from Butt of Lewis to Bhreidhuis in two weeks, a distance of sixty-five miles, leaving over 600 books, mostly Deliverance and Hell.

In the village of Shawbost we found the preacher going around warning the people; found him hiding in an old cowshed. The poor fellow was so excited and nervous when approached that he did not have a word to say. After a little encouragement and warning he took the first and the fifth volume of the Studies, and Deliverance and Hell, saying that he would read for himself first.

Lewis is called “the land of Scottish ministers”. The people are said to be “most loyal to same” (fear). Yet they long for deliverance. The shackles of deceit, superstition, and oppression are gradually falling, and God’s message is going out.

Our next move was to Skye, a beautiful island. The capital is Portree. The entrance to Portree from the sea is one of the most beautiful sights in these lovely islands. Certainly creation there reflects the glory of Jehovah. But the people are in darkness, deceived by the clergy ; and many of them are longing for deliverance. The clergy in Lewis had sent word to the “Skye pilots”, warning them against our books. So we were expected. As you know, this always spurs colporteurs on to greater activity. The island is mountainous and rainy, with great mists hanging over highlands, and houses all along the coast. We vmrked the island in a circle, moving on every day. Each stop seemed to be where someone w-as eager to hear of the kingdom.

We had many amusing experiences. Twice w^Te had experiences where clergyman had instructed housekeeper or wife to say that he was not in; and you could smile, because out of the corner of your eye you could see him “beat it” behind a peat stack. Ah, 'well! A peat stack will not be of much good soon, when the people are after them! And so, in spite of them and their father, God left His message in the “misty island of Skye”. That finished this section of territory.

Our next move was right across Scotland to the Shetland Isles. There we found a simple, kind and good-hearted people. Our joy was unspeakable, working there. Lerwick, the capital, is about eighty miles across from Bergen, Norway. We held a meeting in Lerwick. As a result, the “Plymouth Brethren” got very busy, circulating foolish and false tracts. They went from door to door, hoping to stop us. Up to that time our daily average was from forty to fifty books a day. As a result of their work and the Lord’s overruling, we averaged over one hundred a day for the rest of that week, in the streets of Lerwick.

One of the great lights of this island defined the soul as an “unseen vision which at death hikes off and appears before God”! No wonder the people are steeped in ignorance! So starved have they been that, when we told them of God’s gracious provision for reconciliation and dispelled the ‘fires’ of hell, many of those poor folk wept for joy. Insanity, consumption and physical deformity were to be seen in every district.

One woman of about thirty-five years of age,

was living alone in an old cottage. She stood about three feet from the ground, owing to deformity. The burden of sorrow this brought her, combined with the bunk served up by the preacher, caused her practically to despair. As we told her of God’s love for humanity and His great purpose of deliverance, the tears rolled down her cheeks. She loved God and wanted to know of Him. That dear woman had only one shilling (twenty-five cents). Two books cost sixty cents. She had quite a number of fresh eggs, however. You should have seen the joy in her face when told that she might have the books for a few fresh eggs.                            .

The same books, Deliverance and Hell, seemed to worry the high collars. Particularly did the little picture of the Hell screecher, with mouth extending from forehead to the top of his collar! We left about 3,GOO books in the Shetlands.

Our next group was the Orkney Isles. Our first month’s work was that of taking in the scattered islands: Westray, Sanday, Eday, Stron-say. The World War left a great impression here, owing to numerous naval operations in these islands. (Scapa flow, etc.) The people heard us with interest, and during the month of October relieved us of 1,560 books and booklets. The total for all the islands would be somewhere about 10,000 books and booklets.

Russian Revolution vs. Capitalistic Wars By A. J. Walker

SOME people are overfond of referring to the number of lives lost in the Russian revolution. They infer that working-class action is always bloody in its incentive and, by implied comparison, that capitalism is peaceful and lifesecuring. This astounding state of mind has been spoken of as one of the world’s wonders.

The Bussian revolution was a tea party, compared to capitalism’s bloody struggle of 19.1.41918. The number of lives lost in the revolution was infinitesimal in comparison with, the millions slaughtered in order to maintain the domination of the profit-making system.

In the British Empire alone it would, be interesting to learn the number of natives sacrificed during these past ten years to the end that British prestige be maintained.

The people accept the slaughter of capitalist wars and the violent suppression of native tribes as everyday events and as part of the God-ordained scheme of things. The death of millions of workers in the last European holocaust leaves the people cold; but they get quite hot about the collar when reference is made to the exterminating of a few hundred parasites in a proletarian revolution. This is the result of capitalist-controlled education. The supporters of capitalism are cunning, and they see to it that the working class are well filled to the brim with capitalistic ideas.

The workers’ minds are warped and twisted, so that they will accept the exterminating that is done under capitalist rules and conditions. Then, through the capitalist-controlled press, the people are taught to regard the Bolsheviks with horror, as creatures without feeling, whose only thought is destruction.

Is Hell Hot?

An address by Judge Rutherford, broadcast August 3 WATCHTOWER national chain program

JEHOVAH GOD is the Author of the truth and the Creator of everything that is good. His good name is of far greater importance than any interest of any creature. To charge a man with a crime or wrongdoing tends to blacken his name and make bad his reputation among his fellows. If the charge is false and unsupported by the truth a great injustice is done to the one falsely charged. To charge Jehovah God with wrongdoing or crime blackens His good name in the minds of His creatures and tends to turn men away from the Most High One. If the charge is false it not only is a defamation of God’s name but works a greater injustice to His creatures. The evidence submitted in support of the charge, even though false, tends to turn men aw-ay from God and. they refuse to give ear to His commandments.

On this occasion the purpose is to prove that for many centuries Jehovah God has been charged with, a great crime; that the evidence submitted in support of the charge is wholly false; that the wrongful charge and false testimony has turned millions of honest men away from God and led them into darkness and despair; that the truth will remove the veil of falsehood that blinds the people thereto and will turn them to God and bring to them peace of mind. For this reason the truth is of the greatest public necessity, convenience and importance. The charge here under consideration was and is made by the clergy of the various religious denominations of the world. The charge is inspired by God’s great enemy, Satan the Devil.

The false charge is that hell is a place and means of punishment by torture of the ungodly; that Jehovah God prepared such place before the creation of man, made it of sufficient size to contain all the wicked, and supplied it with an inexhaustible amount of combustible material to burn forever; that the wicked men at death are consigned to that place of torture; that the fires thereof, mingled with sulphur and brimstone, burn without ceasing; that the creatures cast into that great caldron of fire remain conscious and that their torment is eternal in duration, and that there is no hope of their release. Hell is represented as being the hottest place that could possibly exist. So thoroughly has this teaching been implanted in the mind of man that it is commonly understood that hell is a place of the most intense heat. The smelting furnace brought to white heat with burning gas and filled with red-hot molten iron is frequently used as an illustration, and it is commonly said by those who look upon it: “It is as hot as hell.” A volcano belches forth fire and rivers of red-hot molten rock, and the heat thereof, not being subject to adequate description, is by -way of comparison said to be “as hot as the burning-hell”.

Why these expressions uttered by all classes of men? The answer is, because the clergy over a long period of time have instilled into the minds of the people that hell is a place of indescribable heat and endless torment. They have taught the people that God made that burning hell in which to torment intelligent creatures.

If the charge or teaching is true, then God is the worst fiend that could possibly exist and no intelligent creature could honestly obey and serve Him. If the executioner of the most depraved criminal would torture that criminal for one day with a red-hot iron he would thereafter be shunned and despised by every honest man of the land. It is not at all surprising that millions have been turned aw^Tay from God because they were led to believe this terrible charge laid against Him. This false teaching has caused many to hear the name of God with fear and dread. Concerning this the Prophet Isaiah (29:13) wrote at God’s dictation: “Their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men.” The clergy are the ones that teach it. If the charge is false, then it is the most cruel and w-icked defamation of God’s holy name. The charge is false; and, it being false, every fair and honest person should be anxious to enlighten his fellow man concerning the truth, that, the living might have peace of mind concerning themselves and concerning their beloved dead and, above all, that the name of God be given its proper place before intelligent creation.

The clergy claim that the Bible supports their charge and teaching concerning eternal torment in hell. Every scripture brought forth by them -which they claim supports the eternal torment theory is used out of its proper setting and applied literally, when it is clear from the context that it is to be symbolically understood. An instance is that of the rich man in hell and the beggar in Abraham’s bosom, as described in the sixteenth chapter of Luke. Men are not consigned to endless torment because they are rich, nor do men go to heaven because they are poor. So far as the scripture under consideration sets forth and is concerned, the rich man had nothing against him except his riches, and the poor man had nothing to commend him to heaven except his poverty. The clergy expect intelligent people to believe their construction of this scripture. At once it is apparent that this scripture was used by Jesus to teach the Jewish people a lesson.

The Jews were God’s people and the only ones ever favored by being taken into a covenant, and are thus referred to in the Scriptures as being rich. Because that nation violated its covenant it was cast away from God, and has been in distress since. The Gentile nations were without God’s favor, and were spoken of as paupers for that reason. “Abraham’s bosom” Avas symbolically used to represent God’s favor. Jesus was telling in parabolic phrase what was coming upon the Jewish nation. A few years after His crucifixion the Jews were cast away and the Gentiles, represented by the pauper, came into God’s favor. Thus we see that the Jewish nation, represented by 'the rich man’, ceased to exist and, as a nation, went to hell, and God began to select His holy nation from the Gentiles, thereby showing His favor to the pauper.

Another text cited in support of the wrongful charge is that of Mark 9:47, 48, which reads: “And if thine eye offend thee, pluck it out; it is better for thee to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye, than, having two eyes, to be cast into hell fire; where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.” Men are not taken into the kingdom of God because they gouge out their eyes; but the clergy would make you think they are. It is at once apparent that the language employed by Jesus in this text was used symbolically.

The text shows that Jesus was teaching His disciples concerning the kingdom of God and the importance of their forsaking everything that might hinder them from entering that kingdom even though it be as dear as an eye. The w’ord “hell” used in this scripture is from the Greek word used to describe the valley of Hin-nom. To be sure, Jesus and His disciples knew what that valley represented. It was the place Avhere a fire was kept burning at all times for the destruction of the garbage of the city. That garbage being thrown over the precipice, some of it lodged on the Avails and ivas consumed by worms, and that Avhich reached the fire was destroyed by it. Hence the valley of Hinnom symbolically represented complete destruction. The lesson that Jesus taught, therefore, was: Ton having taken your stand for the kingdom, you must live by and through your faithfulness thereto or else suffer complete destruction. Hence it is better for you to give up everything that would hinder, even though as dear to you as an eye, that you might not be cast into destruction, represented by Gehenna.’

The false charge of eternal torture finds its basis in the lie of Satan, to wit, inherent immortality of man. God said to man: ‘If you sin you shall surely die.’ Satan said to man: ‘You shall surely not die.’ Jesus declared that Satan is a liar and the father of lies. It must be admitted by all that no creature could be eternally tormented unless that creature were alive and conscious. It Avas necessary, therefore, for Satan to inject into the mind of man the lie of inherent immortality in order to find the basis for the lie of eternal torture. An immortal creature is one that cannot die. If man dies, then he could not be eternally tormented.

Jehovah God alone Avas and is immortal originally. In 1 Timothy 6:16 it is stated that “[God] only hath immortality”. Jesus was the beginning of God’s creation, but He wms not immortal from the beginning. In John 5: 26 He says: “As the Father hath life [inherent], so hath he given to the Son to have life in himself.” In Romans 2: 6, 7 the language is addressed to the followers of Christ Jesus, Avho are admonished to seek immortality. A man does not seek that w^Thich he already possesses. In 1 Corinthians 15: 53 it is written concerning those who are the folloAvers of Christ : “This mortal must put on immortality.” All the Scriptures show that man is not immortal; and, that being true, eternal torment of man is an impossible thing.

But in their attempt to meet this indisputable conclusion the clergy say that every man has a soul and that that soul of man is immortal and that when man dies his soul continues to live. That statement is completely contradicted by the scripture of Ezekiel 18:4: “The soul that sinneth, it shall die.” Other scriptures support this conclusion. Every man is a soul, but no

dead the soul is dead.

Satan caused the nations other than the Jews to believe in torment by lire and to worship the Devil. The Jews fell awmy from their covenant, and under the influence of the Devil they built an image called “Molech” and caused their children to walk through the fire before this image and sacrificed their children thereto. This they did against God’s commandments. Satan thereby instilled into the mind of the Jews the wicked doctrine of torment; and concerning this it is written in Jeremiah 32: 35: "And they built the high places of Baal, which are in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to cause their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire unto Molech; which I commanded them not, neither came it into my mind, that they should do this abomination, to cause Judah to sin.” This proves that the torment doctrine is an abomination in the sight of God and is therefore the Devil’s doctrine.

Bible Answer

The Bible, which is God’s Word, speaks the truth and gives the correct answer concerning hell. The announced penalty foi’ the wilful violation of God’s law is death. Those who die go to hell, because “hell” means the condition of death. Hell is the grave or tomb to which the dead are consigned, which is cold and lifeless and where there is no knowledge, wisdom, love or hate. It is written in Ecclesiastes 9:5,10: “The living know that they shall die, but the dead know not any thing, . . . there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in [hell].” “The dead praise not the Lord, neither any that go down into silence.” (Ps. 115:17) If the dead have no knowledge, wisdom or consciousness in hell or the grave it would be impossible to torment them.

The Old Testament was written in the Hebrew language, and the Hebrew word sheol is the one translated “'hell”. It is also translated “pit” and “'grave”, and means the same thing in each instance. The Greek word hades means the same thing; hence the words sheol, hades and “hell” all mean the same condition or place. In the earlier English literature the word “hell” meant a dark place or condition. The farmer would properly say: T have put my winter apples in hell’; meaning thereby that he had buried his winter apples in a dark place to preserve them for food.

When Job was being tormented by his false professed friends he uttered the words in Job 14:13: “0 that thou wouldest hide me in hell [sheol], . . . until thy wrath be past.” If hell had meant a place of torment Job would not have prayed God to send him there. He was surely getting enough torment from those pious frauds. Job understood hell to be a condition of silence. His prayer was that he might be released from suffering until God’s due time to give him an opportunity for life in the resurrection. That hell is not a place of fire and great heat is further proven by Job’s words: “If I wait, hell is mine house: 1 have made my bed in the darkness.” (Job 17:13) The fact that this scripture says that hell is a condition of darkness is proof that it is not a place of fire and brimstone and heat.

The charge which the clergy have laid against God is that He created the hell or torment wherein He could torture the wicked. It will be conceded by all that Jesus Christ was at all times pure and righteous and the dearly beloved Son of Jehovah God. If the indisputable proof shows that Jesus went to hell at the time of His crucifixion, that would show that the charge that God made hell a place of torment is utterly false.

David, one of God’s prophets, was a type of Jesus Christ and wrote words that applied to Jesus Christ. Before Jesus came to earth that prophet wrote, in Psalm 16:10: “Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell; neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption.” The Apostle Peter, at Pentecost, quoted these words of the prophet and specifically applied them to Jesus Christ and stated that the soul of Jesus at death went to hell, was there three days, and at the end of that time God raised Him up out of hell. (Acts 2: 30-32; 10: 40) Had hell been a place of eternal torment, Jesus could not have been brought out. In order to provide the ransom price for man, Jesus must die as a sinner by taking the sinner’s place, and therefore He must go to hell. And this he did. This proves that the penalty inflicted upon the sinner is death in the grave, and not life in a condition of torture.

Jacob, who was in fact the beginning of the Jewish nation, had twelve sons. His favorite and beloved son Joseph was wrongfully sold by his brethren into Egypt. They represented to their father that Joseph had been killed by wild beasts. The information brought great sorrow upon Jacob, and concerning which it is written that “his sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him; but he refused to be comforted; and he said, For I will go do^vn info hell [sheol, the grave] unto my son mourning”. (Gen. 37:35) We may be sure that God would not send His good servant Jacob and Jacob’s faithful son Joseph into a place of eternal torment.

Joseph became a great ruler in Egypt. Unaware of this his brethren went there to purchase food. Recognizing them Joseph commanded that they should return to Palestine and bring down their younger brother Benjamin. When these sons requested their father Jacob to send Benjamin he replied, in Genesis 42:38: “My son [Benjamin] shall not go down with you; for his brother [Joseph] is dead, and he is left alone: if mischief befall [Benjamin] by the way in the which ye go, then shall ye bring down my gray hairs with sorrow’ to the grave [sheol, hell].” Jacob could not have meant that his gray hairs would go into a place red hot and burning with fire and brimstone. Hairs would not endure long in such a place. Confronted with this dilemma the translators refused to render the word sheol as “hell” in this text, but rendered it “grave”, and that is its proper meaning.

In every instance in the New⁷ Testament Vvhere the Greek word hades is used its meaning is the same as sheol in the Old Testament. The Greek v⁷ord gehenna is also translated “hell”, and it means complete destruction. One man may kill another and thereby send his victim into hell or the grave, and in that instance the ■word sheol and hades would be employed. God can destroy, not only the life of man, but his right to life, and thus make it impossible for the creature ever to live again. The one thus destroyed also goes to hell, but the word gehenna is used because it stands for complete destruction.

Jesus gave a striking explanation of this distinction. He vzas instructing His disciples concerning the work that He would assign them to do. lie had told them that they -would suffer persecution at the hands of men because of their faithfulness in serving God but that they should not fear men. He told them that they should fear to disobey God. Then He said to them (Matt. 10:28): “Fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.” In this text the word “hell” is from the Greek gehenna, meaning destruction, and the text proves that no man can but God only can completely destroy a creature. The Pharisees willingly and knowingly persecuted Jesus. Jesus told them they were hypocrites, and then said to them: “Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers! how⁷ can ye escape the damnation of hell?” (Matt. 23:33) In this instance the Vvord gehenna, meaning destruction, is translated “hell”.

All scriptures show that “hell” means the condition of death or destruction. Hell is therefore cold and silent. It is not hot, nor is there heard in it the shrieks of tormented creatures.

Concerning Jehovah God it is written: “God is love.” The clergy admit that. “Love” means unselfishness in action. Everything God does is consistent. He could not be consistent and at the same time torment a creature. Consistency alone would compel Him to administer no greater punishment than death, because that is -what He announced as the penalty. Love would not admit of His doing anything for the purpose of gratifying a selfish desire to torment.

In His Word God invites men to reason witli Him. That proves that everything with God is reasonable. Is it at all reasonable that God would tell men that death "would follow his disobedience and then, after man had committed sin, consign him to eternal torture? What good could result from so doing? The eternal conscious suffering of a creature could bring no pleasure nor glory to the great Jehovah God. He takes pleasure only in those who joyfully obey Him, as it is 'written in Psalm 149:4. The fire-hell-torment theory is not supported by reason or by the Bible. The teaching thereof is a cruel defamation of God’s name. If the clergy believe the doctrine of eternal torment, then they should no longer tell the people that God is love. Furthermore, they should hasten to warn the people to escape eternal torment, and this they should do regardless of wdiether they receive one cent salary or not. If they do not believe the eternal torment charge, then they should be diligent in telling the people what is the truth; for two good and sufficient reasons: (1) Because the truth would give the people a proper understanding of God and remove from His name the defamation placed there by the false charge; and (2) the truth would bring peace of mind to the people and enable them to return to God. The fact that the clergy do not tell the people the truth and thus enable them to get a proper conception of God is of itself proof that they are neither wise nor consistent, and are not safe teachers of the people. Let the people determine whether or not it is to their interest to further give heed to these false teachers. My advice to you would be that you inform yourselves concerning God’s Word and follow its teachings.

The clergy of this day know that the teaching of eternal torture in hell is a false teaching. Yet they make no attempt to place the truth before the minds of the people. Instead, they let this defamation against God’s name stand, so far as they are concerned. Claiming to teach His Word they employ their time in teaching the people matters of politics and so-called “philosophy”. What the people really need is to understand the truth, and the clergy should either teach the people that or else refrain from claiming to teach the Bible.

The truth is, God sentenced man to death because of a violation of His law, and that death process was gradual until it terminated in hell, ■which is the grave. By inheritance death passed upon all the human race. God’s purpose was and is to redeem man from hell and the grave and to give him an opportunity to intelligently obey Him and live. Therefore He made this promise: “I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death: 0 death, I will be thy plagues; 0 grave, I will be thy destruction.” (Hos. 13:14) Jesus died and went to hell and was raised out of hell in order that He might be the Redeemer and Savior of mankind. Now the kingdom is being established, and through the kingdom all in tneir graves, which is hell, will be brought out and given a knowledge of the truth and a full and complete opportunity to obey the Lord and live.

Hence it is written, in John 3:16: “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that wdiosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.” Had God intended the people to understand that the penalty for -wilful sin is eternal torment and that the wncked sinner must suffer torture eternally He would have so stated. On the contrary, He said that His love for poor humankind is such that He gave His only beloved Son into death in order that those who believe might not perish. To “perish” means to go completely out of existence. To be eternally tormented a man must continue in conscious existence forever. The Lord says that the human race -would perish unless He rvould exercise His love for man. The clergy say that those who die outside of the church, and therefore as sinners, will not perish but will remain forever alive and conscious and that their torment is perpetual. Which do you want to believe, God or the clergy?

The plain statement of God’s Word is that because of inherent sin mankind wrns headed for destruction and that the only possible way to prevent him from perishing wrns for God to provide redemption through the willing sacrifice of a perfect man; that on earth there was no perfect man to meet these requirements; that God sent into the world His only begotten and dearly beloved Son, who was made a man, perfect, and of flesh and blood and dwelt upon the earth; that His Son willingly suffered death as man’s substitute and that God permitted this because of His love for mankind and that in due time all men shall learn these truths and have the opportunity to believe and to obey the truth and to receive life everlasting. These great truths -would be rendered absolutely null and void if the eternal torment charge were true. Every man should rejoice that it is untrue, and no honest man should want it to be true.

In desperation the advocates of eternal torment say: If there is a heaven there must be a hell and it must be a place of torture for the wicked.’ But you never heard of one of these advocates to want such a place of eternal torment for himself or for his loved ones, or even for his dog. Those who strongly advocate eternal torment pose as more holy and righteous than others, and of course they would not expect to go to such a place. It is only the perverted mind, made so by the influence of the wicked one Satan, that could desire and advocate willingly a place of torture for any creature. But the statement that heaven implies that there is a place of torment is another false conception of God’s Word. The clergy state that all the good go to heaven immediately upon death; and in this they are wrong. Not all who are called “good”, as that term is used, go to heaven w-hen they die, by any means.

Next Sunday morning, by the Lord’s grace, consideration will be given to what and where is heaven and who go there and what are the conditions whereby one may enter heaven.

The Gods of Jesus and Mary Baker Eddy

SPEAKING to the Devil, when He w^Tas out in the wilderness being tempted, Jesus said: “It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of Jehovah.” Compare Matthew 4:4 and Deuteronomy 8:3.

Speaking again to the Devil, Jesus said: “It is written again, Thou shalt not tempt Jehovah, thy God.” Compare Matthew 4:7 and Deuteronomy 6:16.

Speaking a third time to the Devil, Jesus said: “It is written, Thou shalt worship Jehovah thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.” Compare Matthew 4:10 and Deuteronomy 6:13.

Mary Baker Eddy, in Science and Health, page 140, said: “The Jewish tribal Jehovah was a man-projected God, liable to wrath, repentance, and human changeableness. The Christian Science God is universal, eternal divine Love, which changeth not and causeth no evil, disease, nor death.”

If Jesus told the truth, what did Mary Baker Eddy tell?

“Where Are the Dead?”

ON JANUARY 19 I wrote Dr. Cadman, at Brooklyn, telling him that I had just been listening to his answers to questions over the radio and desired to ask him a few questions, to be answered either by letter or over the radio on January 29.

The questions I asked were: “ What is the soul? Give scripture.’ ‘Where are the dead? What scriptures do you give to prove your point?’ What is meant by the second death?

By F. B. Young (Oklahoma)

Give scriptural proof.’ Who is the god of this present evil world? Also give scripture.’ I do not want any man’s theory. I want what the Bible says.”

[Doctor Cadman is alleged to have answered one of the above questions, i.e., “Where are the dead?” on the date fixed, and to have said, in substance, “I do not know where the dead are. Judge Rutherford is the best authority on that subject.”—Editor.']

Stealing, Lying and Forging—for Christ

IN OUR mail the other day we received a curious Western Union message which seems to have been distributed from door to door at Charlotte, N. C. The message, which had been printed in imitation typewriting on a standard Western Union telegraph blank, form No. 1206-A, reads as follows:

To My Friends and

to the Lost oe Charlotte, N. C.

To be given away every evening at 7.30 for two weeks from November 10th thru the 24th The Gospel Stop The first week by the best known preachers in Charlotte, the second week by one of the best known preachers in the South, Rev. J. H. Pressley, D.D., of Statesville Stop The place Glenwood A. R. P. Church, “The brick church on Tuckaseege Road” Stop Come—be on time receive the Gospel—bo saved and revived.

Your Savior,

(Signed) Jesus Christ

Having been a diligent student of the Scriptures for lo these many years, and never having noticed any message of this kind recorded by any of the holy evangelists, but seeing that the Western Union company seemed to be an interested party, we wrote to the Western Union people to see what light they could shed upon it, and if the blanks were paid for.

The first vice president of the Western Union company, Mr. J. C. Willever, of the New York office, seemed to catch the drift of our inquiries, and. it is easy to see that somebody in Charlotte had a clever idea that was not altogether on the level and will likely get caught at it. Mr. .Willever says:

“Our blanks are not intended to be used for such a purpose. It is, of course, necessary for us to place at the disposal of the public, blank forms on which messages intended for telegraphic transmission can be written, but this is the only purpose for which they are supplied. The example which you enclose and which I am returning herewith as you request, represents a flagrant misuse of our stationery. I am asking our officials in charge of the Charlotte office to try to trace it to its source and to do what they can to prevent a recurrence.”

The other day, out in the work of witnessing for the Kingdom, we were told of a Baptist preacher at Tyler Hill, Pa., who was caught in the act of regularly stealing the cream off a neighbor’s can of milk. A few days later we were told of another minister who had bought a horse on credit and tried to sneak out of the county at night without paying for it, and only a few days later another mam volunteered that he had been an usher in the church until he found his pastor in his cellar, about to sneak out the back way with ten quarts of cider that he had helped himself to, without asking for it.

This leads us to ask, What is there about this preaching business that leads to stealing telegraph blanks, cream, cider and horses? What would lead a crook not only to steal telegraph blanks but to forge another’s name to them. The answer is easy. A man cannot be an honest man today and give the sanction of his name to the eternal torture theory. The light is shining too brightly.

But preaching a certain kind of so-called “Gospel” is an easy way of bluffing a living out of a community, and take it with a little stealing of stationery, and forgery, and swiping of cider and cream and horses and other things that most people have to work for, one can get along, for the present.

But the day is surely coming when alarm clocks at 89c each, and overalls at $1.25 a suit, and callouses on the hands, at any price, will look good to these saints in black, and there will be a grand rush for the hayfield in summer and the woodlot in the winter “with none to molest or make them afraid”,.

ake Golden Age         .

TAKES PLEASURE IN ANNOUNCING THAT TO RESIDENTS OF ALL COUNTRIES OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES, BEGINNING WITH THIS ISSUE, A YEAR’S SUBSCRIPTION, ENGLISH,

Heretofore the subscription price of the Golden Age magazine mailed to other countries has been $1.50 a year. The new price will, we hope, be a special inducement to people outside the United States to become regular readers of this interesting and worth-while magazine. For all-round instructiveness, The Golden Age is second to no magazine published. It places the proper emphasis upon things that are taking place in the world, and incidentally exposes without fear or favor those things in individual and national life that tend to oppress the people. It has no use for shams or hypocrisy. Its news items are brief, instructive, and to the point. Its articles are interesting and wholesome; and finally, and best of all, each issue carries an illuminating talk by Judge Rutherford on the Bible and the fulfilment of its prophecies.

Can you afford to be without The Golden Age in your home? or can your _;friend “somewhere”? Why not have us mail it to him anywhere you say?

The Golden Age points to the happy time, now near, when crimes and calamities will be no more, and, as a special incentive to prompt action, offers to all who use the coupon below a copy of Judge Rutherford’s striking booklet, CRIMES AND CALAMITIES: The Cause; The Remedy.

The Golden Age,

117 Adams St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Enclosed find money order for $1.25 for which enroll me as a subscriber -for your magazine and send me the booklet, CRIMES AND CALAMITIES, free.

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