ofe Golden Age

A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND. COURAGE

iiimiiwiiiiiiiiiimiiiiimiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiimmmiimiiiiiii

in this issue

THE LITTLE FOLKS

RULES FOR NEXT WAR

THE GRIST

GERMS

THE MODERN SUPERSTITION

A CONFESSION

WHO IS JEHOVAH?

An address by Judge Rutherford broadcast in WATCHTOWER national chain program

every other

WEDNESDAY

five cents a copy one dollar a year Canada & Foreign 1.25

Vol. XII . No. 300

March 18, 1931

CO N T E NTS

LABOR AND ECONOMICS

Starvation near Ashland, Ky. . . 398

■ Six-Hour Day at Battle Creek. . 399

4,357,000 Jobless in Germany . . 402

What Is the Matter? .... 402

Cause of Hard Times ..... 409

Forty Million a Year Graft .   400

The Cape Cod Canal .... 4.01

AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY

New Tree-Planting Device . . . 399

Trying to Find Uses for Cotton . 399

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL

The Little Folks ...... 387

The Grist ......... 398

Einstein’s Stand on Militarism . 398

$7,500,000 for Alabama Schools . 400

What a Jail Is ..... . 403

Canada Still Uses Lash . . . 414

MANUFACTURING AND MINING

A Renovated Fable . . . . . . 408

FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION

8% of World’s Shipping Idle Prices of Bread ..... The Steel. Rail Trant . , Saved the Banks Too . .

Our Chain Civilization . .

Diversion of Wealth

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

Cane-Cutting Machine .... 4.00

Hellertion Makes All Tones . . 400 9,600 'Words a Minute .... 400 God Behind the Universe . . . 400 Chabal Method of Filtration . , 406

HOME AND HEALTH

Germs, the Modern Superstition . 404

A Confession ........ 407

Birds Dodged Aluminum .... 415

TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY

Esthonia to Miami by Sailboat . 398

Wireless in Arabia . . . . . 398

Forced Labor in Kenya . . , 401

Slaves of Abyssinia ..... 401

Child Labor in Egypt' .... 402

POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

Rui.es fok Conduct of Next War . 397

Free Power in Essex ..... 399

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

Religious Liberty in Philippines 398

Federal Council Associates . . 409

Who Is Jehovah? ...... 410

I’ublislied every other Wednesday at 117 Adams Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A., by WOODWORTH, KNORR & MARTIN

Copartners and Proprietors Address: 11~ Adams Street, Brooklyn, X F., U. $. A. CLAYTON J. WOODWORTH . . Editor ROBERT J. MARTIN .. Business Manager NATIIAN II. KNORR . * Secretary and Treasurer             '

Five Cents a Copy—$1.00 a Year Maks Remittances to THE GOLDEN A.Gl-1 Notice to Subscribers': For your own safety, remit by postal or express money order. We do not. as a. rule, send acknowledgment of a renewal or a new subscriplion. Renewal blank (carryin?; notice of expiration) is sent with the journal one month before the subscription expires. Change of address, when requested, may he expected to appear on address label within one month.

Translations published in Finnish, German, Norwegian, Polish, and Swedish.

.                 Offices in Other Countries

British............ 34 Craven Terrace, London, W. 2, England

Canadian ........... 40 Irwin Avenue, Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada Australasian. ...... ₀ 7 Beresford Rd., Strathfield, N. >8. W., Australia

South Africa ............ 6 Lelie Street, Cape Town, South Africa

Entered as second class matter at Brooklyn, N. under the Act of March 3, 1S7&

The Golden Age

V»i«ma XII                        Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, Marsh 18, 1931                        Number 300

The Little Folks

CHILDREN usually come into the world one at a time, and even if they do occasionally come as twins, and more rarely as triplets, every one of them brings his own problems. Nature evidently intended that they should be handled singly, and not in masses. They are happiest and make the best development that way, and yet, odd little sinners, they almost have to have the companionship of other children, to bring them up right.

Furthermore, little folks are little folks for a long time, even after their bodies are of large size, because the mind continues to expand. In our day men are counted mature at 21 and women at 18, but the divine regulation of the affairs of the Jewish people fixed the maturity of men at 30 years, and that is about right. He is then in possession of his full powers.

The way it works out now, a man develops for thirty years, works for thirty years, de-'•ays for ten years, and dies at seventy, wondering why it took so long Lor him to get ready to do so little. Nearly half his life is spent in getting ready to do something.

Some of the little folks at about two years of age are not so pleasant to have around. Not a few of them, naturally endowed by their parents with considerable destructiveness, cxecutive-ness, manifest it in ways that are a trial to the more civilized, seeming to think that to wreck everything in sight is life’s main objective. Tlmy usually have to feel, the strong arm of parental law to got them out of that frame of mind, and it takes time, and patience.

The present, and gro-w ingly popular misconception of a destructive or wayward child, that it should be studied and not punished occasionally, is nonsense. The Scriptures say that one may ‘spare the red and spoil the child’, and it is true. At the same time, punishment is often greatly overdone; and with a nervous, sensitive, conscientious child, is rarely necessary, and may take a very mild form and be completely effective.

Children should be brought up, but not overgroomed. More harm has been done by overbringing-up than by under-bringing-up. In the period of youth the child learns how to become a satisfactory member of his family and of the human family, and he learns it best with as little detailed guidance as possible.

Parents should not strive to make their children feel that they are dependent upon them for guidance. No parent knows enough to guide all the details of any child’s life, and if lie did, and used the knowledge, and the child submitted to it, the child would never amount to anything in this world. He would be an automaton.

A child that never has a chance to use his own judgment will never have any judgment to use. A parent that seeks to order all the affairs of a child is a despot, a kind-hearted tyrant perhaps, but a tyrant nevertheless: and the rule of even the most benevolent of despots is irksome. A good example on the part of the parents is the best instruction the child can ever have. Words are not so effective: talk is cheap.

The very best that a parent can do for a child is to truly Jove him. Love 'will know when to speak and when not to speak, when to act and when not to act, its object being at all times to help the child to grow up to a place where he can take •.-are of himself, lie independent, Le a care to nobody, but, on the contrary, be groomed to be a help to others.

The child gives as much as he gets, perhaps more. It would be impossible to gauge the benefit that has come to men and women through association with the fresh, sweet, unspoiled minds of little folks. They have been described as ‘the greatest civilizers and hmnanizers of the race’.

■n. QOLDEN AGE

The Country the Best

The country is the best place to bring up children. They learn to find companionship in the trees, the streams, the camp fires, the wild life, the changing seasons, the skies, the weather, a thousand things that the child brought up on the pavements hardly senses. One-half the children are now brought up in the city. It cannot well be helped at present, but it is not the. best place.

The Boy Scout movement tri.es to accomplish something in the way of getting city boys out into the country, and there are other moves to the same end, but the boys are necessarily compelled to travel in droves and to move almost mechanically, and this has its drawbacks.

Since the inception of the Children’s Bureau in 1912 there has been much more attention paid to child rearing in America than was ever done previously. This bureau was created as a research bureau, directed to “investigate and report upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of children and child life among all classes of our people”.

At the time the bureau was formed only one state had a bureau of child health; now’ they are to be found in half of the states. At the time the bureau was formed there were about two million child workers; according to latest reports there are now only about half that number.

The bureau was a prominent factor in the recent White House Conference on Child Health and Protection. At that conference Secretary Wilbur said:

We attempt to herd all our children under 16 into the school rooms for a considerable number of hours each day for a considerable number of months, using their eyes and their brains in a certain way. We have increased the number of noise-making devices, raised the speed of our activities; we have brought in the moving picture, the radio, the phonograph. We are exposing our youth to an enormous series of influences and are becoming conscious that we have done something to rob them of their natural opportunities. Those of us who have a large university responsibility have thought a good deal about this question. For the most part we find that the students who come to us are physically competent, honest" clean and square. They think straight and true. But we find, too, that those students who come from the smaller communities seem to do the best; mass living gives us the poorest we get. And so I say mass living for children must go.

The awakening in the United States on the question of the importance of giving the children at least, an opportunity to get into the country is part of the general awakening now under way everywhere. In Austria during the last ten years 75,000 young workers have been given vacations in the country at nominal expense. The average vacation period is four weeks. Proper food and outdoor exercise and recreation are provided. The cost of the country homes is met by sicknessinsurance funds, appropriations by the national and local governments and the fees paid by the young vacationists.

A survey of the physical growth and mental attainment of the boys and girls of New Zealand, which included 20,000 town and country children ranging in age from ten to fourteen, showed that farm children are superior to city-reared children and that this superiority is most pronounced at the age of thirteen.

Keeping the Kiddies Well

It is not so easy to keep the children well. Most of them are now born in the cities, where the sunlight is deficient and the air is vitiated and impure. Fruits and vegetables can be had in greater profusion than ever before, it is true, and these are first aids to health; but the milk is pasteurized, too much of the bread is white bread, and too much of the food has the life refrigerated out of it.

Probably the worst thing the city-bred child has to contend with is the injection into his blood of poisoned calf blood and poisoned horse blood, in the superstition that they will prevent him from catching some of the numerous diseases of childhood and maturity.

Every year the automobile takes a very large toll of the lives of childhood. Some of this great waste of precious lives can be prevented by having the children memorize the following eleven rules for safety, put out by Morgan’s Message:

• 1. Walk on the left side of the road, facing the approaching traffic.

• 2. When in groups, walk in single file.

• 3. Before crossing the street, look first to the left, then to the right.

• 4. Do not play games along the street or highway while at school or while going to and from school.

• 5. Do not roller-skate in the street or on the highway.

• 6. Do not heedlessly run into the street or highway after a ball.

• 7. Do not hitch on to trolley ears, wagons oi’ automobiles.

• 8. Do not nm into the street or highway from behind parked autos or moving vehicles.

• 9. Do not hold an umbrella, on rainy days, in a manner that will obstruct your view of the road in front.

• 10. Never ride a bicycle on the highway for sport. When riding one, keep close to the right side of the road.

• 11. Do not beg or accept a ride from strangers along a highway.

May 1 has been officially proclaimed by President Hoover as National Child Health Day; but let us all make every day a child health day. The most beautiful thing in life is a child, and the most eare-iTee. Do not fuss over a child’s health, but out of the corner of your eye see to it that he gets enough rest, food of the right kind and the right quantity at the right time, and properly masticates it, and that he gets enough exercise, but not too much. If a child seems to be lazy he is ill.

As a general rule a child two years old is half the height he will be when he is fully grown. Height depends a great deal on the kind of food supplied to a child during the growing period. But there are abnormalities. The kind of food given him would hardly account for the fact that at 6-J years Harold Hines, of Morristown, Tenn., weighed 165 pounds.

Children in Institutions

That headline ought not to be necessary, for there should be no children in institutions. The poorest kind of home, where there is mother love in it, is better than any institutional home. The United States is the most institution-ridden country in the world, and is behind the times in that respect.

The most pathetic part of the population of the United States is the 125,000 little children in the orphan asylums, receiving a little attention on December 25, hut for most of the year unnoticed, neglected, and often sick, half-starved and half-educated, under the ill-paid care of those who have little or no real interest in them.

Besides the dependent children in institutions there are 300,000 that are wholly or partially supported in. their own or other private homes. The average cost of maintaining a child in an orphan asylum is around $40 a month, while in its own home it can be maintained for about $17 a month. New York city’s allowance for boarding dependent children in private homes is now $7.65 a week.

New York state has over 30,000 children being housed and trained in institutions. England has 60,000. If all their caretakers loved them and were kind to them most of these children would grow up to be kind; but if they are cruel it is inevitable that many of the children will be cruel.

On the other side of the ledger, working against cruelty in private homes, is the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, which in 1929 in New York took care of 5,577 children, in addition to looking after complaints of cruelty, abuse, neglect, improper guardianship, etc., of about 12,000 more not taken from their homes. The Society prosecuted 870 adults for crimes against children.             .

Finding Homes for Little Folks

To provide a helpless little child with a good home and with the parental affection which it craves and which it must have if it is to bloom into happy youth and maturity, is one of the greatest works in which any man or woman can engage, and a work that has its own reward in the doing.

For seventy-five years, under the management of Charles Loring Brace, father and son, the Children’s Aid Society of New York has been placing thousands of children in homes, on farms or in villages away from the city streets and away from the regimentation of the orphan asylums. About $2,000,000 a year is spent in this work and in improving the condition of the city’s under-privileged children.

The position is well taken that while in a wellmanaged public institution the child might have better physical care, and perhaps better mental training, yet in a home where it can have discipline tempered with love and sympathy and understanding, it is far better off.

Besides the children which it aids in finding better homes than the city streets provide, the Children’s Aid Society is also responsible for getting about 250 babies adopted each year. The demand is three times the supply. The favorite brand is a blond baby girl.

The Uses and Abuses of Imagination,

Find a person that is without imagination, and you find one of the most utterly uninteresting persons in the vwld. Such a person cannot even read the Bible understandingly, for it is impossible to read a hook filled with pictures, figures or symbols if one has no imagination.

It cannot be charged against children that they are without imagination. About one-third of all children tell fibs. Under the age of five ' there is no conscious falsehood, but imagination runs riot and requires thereafter to be gently guided into the realm of reality.

Many of the lessons that a child learns in the home are from contact with the things that are discarded. The scrap bag, with its bits of cloth of all textures and colors, offers fine training for the eyes and fingers. There is a time when the child wishes to touch everything with which he comes in contact. Let him do it: it is a necessary part of his education.

Children should never be frightened. A three-year-old child playing in the yard of a farmhouse near Sandusky, Ohio, was frightened to death by the terrifying spectacle of a goose, attacking with bill and flapping wings. Two parents in Georgia locked a three-year-old daughter in a clothes closet and later found her strangled by a eoachwhip snake that had secreted itself there.

In New York a boy endured for four days the pain of a bullet in his abdomen, and finally died in agony, because he dared not tell his parents he had been playing with a forbidden rifle. At Point Pleasant, N. J., a three-year-old child died of fright when a dog that had been sent in a crate to her father jumped upon her from the crate.

Health, Cedtuve tells of a boy whose health ■was undermined from seeing a film called "'The Haunted Bedroom”. For three; years after that he was accustomed to awake from his sleep declaring that the ghosts were coming. Quite probably the demons took advantage of his fear to invade his mind.

Sometimes a boy’s inquisitiveness gets him into trouble, but even then it should not be discouraged. At Cambridge, Mass., an eight-year-old boy was studiously watching the mechanism of a rotary sweeper, when he was picked up by its revolving brush and swept into its reservoir with a bundle of leaves. He was not injured.

On the one hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary of the birth of Hans Christian Andersen the children of Copenhagen, Denmark, had a great time. Not only were they given a holiday for the day, but lemonade and orangeade 'were free to them all over town all day, and free chocolates and candies were also distributed.

The years of imagination are soon over. In after life the rills of childhood that once seemed like little rivers grow smaller and smaller in the mind’s eye, and the hills that once seemed to be imposing heights are seen as but small elevations, without lure and without romance.

Social Instincts of Children

The social instincts of children are more pronounced than those of grown people. They demand the companion ship of those of approximately the same age, and will do almost anything to get it. A house full of children is sure to be full to overflowing, not merely with its own children, but with all the boys and girls of the neighborhood.

Frequently the New York newspapers contain the letters of little girls expressing their desire for addition to the families of their parents. Little Audrey Schlipp, eight years old, wanted a baby sister and took definite steps to get one. She wrote to the Long Island College Hospital:

'All the other children have sisters or brothers and I haven’t any. I want a sister' to play with and to mind. I spoke to mother and dad about it, but they just put mo off. I saw in the newspapers that the Long Island College Hospital has a whole lot of new babies, so I thought they could send one of them down here. It seems mother will take eare of it if it comes here, but she doesn’t want to go after it. If I knew the way, I’d go after it myself.’

A little nine-year-old boy in Boston stole $20 from his teacher not long ago, and when the matter got into the hands of Boston's Institute for Guidance in Childhood and Youth the Foundation discovered that the child had bought shoes and stockings for his younger brothers and sisters and had spent only twenty cents upon himself. He had the makings of a Wall Street philanthropist, only he was much move unselfish.

What was it that made three-year-old Richard Moore climb out of bed at two-thirty in the morning and go out into the street barefoot, clad only in his pa.jamas? He paraded around for an hour, until a taxicab driver found him and took him to a hospital for the remainder of the night. Even then he did not want to go to bed. He told the nurses he wanted to make a night of it. He was a typical son of some New York city fathers.

What was it that made Jerry Postora, seven years old, climb up the front of a building to the cornice on the second floor? Jerry started in a bad line of business. When he got up one flight he could not got hack, and he had to hang on while they sent for the lire department to rescue him.

The officials of the Palisades Interstate Park are making the boys socially-minded by compelling offenders to learn to recite the park ordinances by heart when they are caught doing damage. This method of disciplining boys for tearing up young trees and destroying flowers is said to work well.

It is claimed by some that every boy should grow up with a dog, on the ground that it will make the boy a fairer, kinder, truer man. The Greenwich Joxtrnal says: “He will learn to love fairness, justice and mercy, just as he will come to hate meanness, cruelty and cowardice, through daily contact with his big-eyed, shaggy-coated, understanding friend.” But we remark that there are some dogs, not many, however, that really seem to have as mean disposition as any human could possibly have. Such a dog is of no benefit to anybody, and one wonders why some dogs are allow’ed to live.

On this matter of the social instincts of children, students of such subjects have pointed out that in their association one with another children pass around the world the rhymes that they repeat in their games at recess. Some of these rhymes are ancient, some are adapted from folklore, and some are modern. They pass from place to place, from country to country, and from generation to generation, without the intervention of the printing press, a survival of the days of minstrelsy.

Baboon and Wolf Foster-Children’

Some twenty-five years ago the South African police, in a barren stretch of country, came across a pack of baboons and fired upon them. As the men fired the beasts scattered; but one of them lagged behind and, though he proved to be a slippery customer, was captured. He turned out to he a native boy that had been captured by the baboons while he was still a baby.

After a year in a hospital he learned to speak a little English, and in time disclosed the habits of his baboon friends. He had no idea of time, not even of the meaning of sunset or sunrise. He remembered how during cold nights one of the baboons had been in the habit of holding him in his arms, to shield him from the cold, and how they appeased their constant hunger by eating crickets.

When captured lie was running about on all fours;but he learned to walk upright, and could run a ten-mile errand without stopping for breath, lie could lift and carry two iOO-pound sacks of grain. He had almost no memory, and was capable only of doing what he was told at the moment the order was given.

In the province of Oudh, India, in times past, several native children have been adopted by wolves and been recovered to civilization. One such was found at Maiwana, seventy-five miles from Allahabad, in 1927. The child is able to walk, but at times prefers to crawl, sitting on his haunches with his legs curled underneath him, and propelling himself forward with the palms of his hands on the ground. Having lived on roots and herbs for years, he even now eats grass when taken out in the evening.

At Chupra, India, in 1843, a man and his wife were out in their fields accompanied by their child, marked on one knee by a severe scald. The child was carried off by a wolf, and six years later was recaptured, after a fierce resistance, and plainly recognized by the mother as her child.

Several “wolf-boys” have been kept at various times at the Secundra Orphanage at Agra. One such was there in 1874, having then been there for nine years and supposed to be about fifteen years old. His arms W’ere but nineteen inches long, due to arrested growth, through his going about on all fours.

It is supposed that these numerous “wolf-childreij” in India have come about through the fact that in times of famine the parents in this part used often to abandon their children in the forests, and the wolves some years ago were very plentiful. The fact that the wolves kept these human babies instead of eating them shows plainly the reverence which wild animals naturally have for humans, and the love of all mothers and fathers for child life in any form, whatever.

The thing works in reverse order too. In New York city it has been found that the best agents of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals are the children. The vicinity of Clarkson and Houston Streets, New York, is known by horse drivers as “Animals’ Paradise” because of the close watch that the children of the neighborhood keep as to how the drivers treat the brute beasts under their care.

Juvenile Delinquency

It is natural for ail healthy children to keep in motion, and a juvenile delinquent is a child, that, for the time being, is busy in the wrong direction. Some of this delinquency is due to inquisitiveness, a desire to find how far one may go in a 'direction that has the 'disapproval of his elders without getting into trouble.

It is natural for boys to be mischievous. Mark Twain said that all hoys should be kept in a 'barrel and fed through the bunghole until they reach fourteen years of age, and after that time the bunghole should be closed up. Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn were normal boys.

It is well recognized by those who have studied the matter that there is a direct relation between the juvenile delinquency of a district and its recreational facilities. Boys and girls must be given something to do or they will do something else. Automobiles have increased juvenile delinquency by taking away from thousands of children the only places where they could play.

The great majority of delinquents come from areas where bad housing and lack of open play spaces prevent suitable outlet for their energies. Forty percent of juvenile delinquents come from broken homes in which death, desertion, divorce or separation of the parents has disrupted the family.

Delinquency and the World War

Much of present delinquency, not only of children, but of adults, can be properly traced to the beastly influence of the World War. When men and wrnmen have their minds filled with hate of their fellow men and disregard of human life, what can be expected of the children that come into the world while their minds are in that condition ?

At Ronchin, near Lille, France, in 1927, a boy twelve years of age called a five-year-old child to his side with the words, “Come here, I will give you a bonbon.” The tiny boy ran to him, and laughingly the bigger boy pulled out a knife and stabbed him in the throat. When told that the little fellow would probably die, the bigger boy only laughed. There was no feud between the two children. The bigger boy was born in 1915, when the horrors of the World War were at their height.

A boy of the same age, at about the same time as the above occurrence, was arrested for planning to blow up a school building in which he had been disciplined. He gave himself away by visiting numerous hardware stores and making inquiries about shells and other explosives.

We can fairly charge to the World War the intoxication of a nine-year-old boy in the Bronx. He got into his grandmother's cellar and helped himself to a bottle of her cherry wine. But for a well-known war measure, now the laughingstock of the world, she would probably never have thought of making the cherry wine and he would never have thought of drinking it.

Yet the men that were responsible for making the World War as bad as it was are still looked up to in some communities as men to be admired. In York, Pa., five girls and two boys, constituting a shoplifting team, were sentenced to go to their ministers, confess their sins, and attend Sunday school for a three-year probation period.

The Delinquency Is Growing

One of the saddest things about juvenile 'delinquency is that it is growing. There is a marked tendency among youth to go to the bad. Statistics show that every 'boy in the city, when he reaches the age of sixteen has at least a one-to-three chance that his name will be part of the criminal record ; and in'New Y^rork city in 1929 there were more cases of degradation of girls under sixteen than in any other year in history.

It should not be thought that the delinquent children are mostly morons. This is not true. Seventy-six percent of them are normal, and eleven percent of this number are above the average in mentality. Delinquents cannot be made into good men and women in institutions. That work must be done in the future where it lias been done in the past, in the homes.

Some parents believe in taking the police into their confidence and giving them a chance to do something before it gets too late. In Springfield, Illinois, eleven-year-old Cedric Dickinson decided that he would not go to bed at his usual time, 8.30 p. m., and went on a rampage. His grandmother telephoned for the police that there was.a wild man in the house. Three husky cops responded and the grandmother explained, “Cedric is wild; he won’t go to bed.” “Yes, I will,” cried Cedric, and he made a dive for the hay and pulled the covers over his head.

It isn’t only the grandparents that kno-w when to summon the police. A New York lad, Hersey Garfinkle, is only seven years old, but he knows what he wants. He called up the police station and demanded a patrol wagon and a couple of cops in. a hurry. 'There was a good deal of commotion in the station until the man at the desk managed to find out that Hersey’s ten-year-old brother Albert would not let him into the pantry for some crackers and jam.

Occasionally there is a ease of delinquency which must be charged to the demons. There seems no other way to explain the following speech of a four-year-old child at Chambersburg, Penna., when questioned concerning the death of his mother, who was found with a bullet wound in her neck: “Sure I shot hex. I’d shoot her again if she were here now. I’ll shoot you too, if you don’t lay off me. I killed my mamma because she took the box of matches away from me and told me not to play with them.”

The Children in Russia

Before the revolution in Russia the pigs and cows and horses received much more attention than the children, and about the only instrument used in bringing up children was the fist. That was how much use the “'Orthodox Church” really was to the people.

When the war and the revolution upset everything thousands of the children were left orphans and literally went wild. These Bezprizor-ni, as they were called, have been one of Russia’s great problems. The claim is made that this problem is solved, yet as late as the fall of 1929 in one city of Transcaucasia 480 of them were arrested.

These vagabond children flock to the cities in the wintertime and to the country in the summer. They go north in the summer and south in the winter and travel in packs, governed by laws and regulations of their own. They live on whatever falls into their grasp, picking pockets, and stealing valises, handbags, fruit or whatever can be seized.

In the “'new day” that has dawned for Russia’s children there is apparently being made a sincere effort to uplift them physically and mentally, while closing to them every door that would lead them to a knowledge of God. Russia is admittedly short of the necessities of modern life: books, paper, pencils, are luxuries. Yet there is some effort to supply these, and there are kindergartens in almost every village. All over the country are posters warning parents that they have no right to beat their children.

The radio is being used to entertain the people, and to instruct them as well. Mothers are taught over the radio much that is of interest and importance in the care of their children’s bodies. There are now 476 museums in Russia, as compared ’with 30 before the revolution. And these museums are crowded most of the time. The motto or slogan which the Soviet government has provided for the children is “Learn, Learn and Learn”.

Soviet laws forbid the employment of children up to fourteen years of age, yet in the summer of 1929 papers published in Russia, but not usually circulating outside of Russia, claimed that there were at that time more than 1,000,000 children between the ages of eight and fourteen who were working as wage-earners. Russia is a good way from being a paradise for. children, therefore, though there seems to be no reasonable question of the great effort being made to rectify and atone for the previous intolerable conditions.

The Child Defectives        "

There are three million child defectives in the United States, and that is more than ten percent of all the children in the elementary schools of the country. These children are suffering from defective sight, hearing, speech, mental retardation, emotional instability, or some other handicap. And this does not include the 625,000 with weak hearts and the 6,000,000 that are undernourished.

It is believed essential that all these children should be given training in special classes if they are to become useful citizens. That seems like a large under taking, but-it is claimed that ferv investments of the taxpayers money have yielded as large returns as that expended in the rehabilitation of disabled adults, and-it is believed that even more can be done with, the same money expended on children. New York city provides special classes fox its 4,000 crippled children.

A recent survey of children attending kindergarten in a congested section of Brooklyn disclosed that only one child out of five was free from physical ailments of some kind. In a continuation school in New York city less than one out of seven of 2,700 boys was found free from physical defects. Left-handed children are not defective, and their left-handedness should not be interfered with.

It is an unfortunate fact that the children who go into factory work at the earliest possible moment are the ones who are least fitted for it. It is the children of the poor whose nerves are unstrung by what they have seen and heard and experienced, not the children of the aristocrats.

And if they are not defectives when they go into the factories, many children soon become so. The constant tending of machines results in nervous 'diseases, heart 'defects, tuberculosis, toxic poisoning, catarrhal affections, curvature of the spine and permanent injuries to bones and muscles. The worst effect of all. is on the child’s mind.

The Manchester Guardian claims that in England there are at least half a million children in the elementary schools who are dull and backward, and half a million others who need medical attention before they can gain reasonable benefit from the education which the state provides.

Child Labor

There, are over one million children in the United States who are between „the ages of 10 and 15 and who are not in school because they have to do something to keep alive. A report gives the number in various occupations as follows:

5,800 mine boys,

7,500 shoe factory workers,

10,500 furniture factory workers, 12,000 clothing factory workers, 13,000 in steel mills,

18,000 messenger boys and girls, 20,700 insurance boys, 22,500 office boys and girls, 30,000 sales boys and girls, 41,000 child servants,           ,

55,000 textile workers.

It is claimed that in the city of Reading, Pa., 51 percent of all the children between 14 and 16 years of age are working for wages. This is the worst showing of any city in Pennsylvania. The evil of getting out of a child all there is in him at this tender age is that it stunts his physical and mental growth, and puts him into a blind alley job where he can never hope to make any appreciable progress.

New Jersey has a bad reputation for overworked children. In the northern part of the state much work is brought into the homes to escape the relatively more stringent regulations in effect in New York. In the southern part of the state thousands of Philadelphia children work on the truck farms throughout the summer months for wages that are a disgrace to even put in print. Twelve percent of these child workers on farms get less than 5c an hour when working at their best speed. Only 33 percent get over 15c an hour. In some of the Philadelphia school districts more than one-half of the pupils join in this truck farm migration early in the spring and, of these, 90 percent do not reach the normal grade in school for children of their age.

The economic factor plays a large part in sending children to work at an early age. The United States Children’s Bureau studied the cases of 7,000 children engaged in street trades, newspaper selling and carrying, and street peddling, and found that in almost all cases the children came from poor families. They did these things, not because they wished to, but because they had to.

Stringent school attendance laws will not control child labor. If the fathers cannot earn enough to maintain the family, the boys and girls will inevitably go out to help them. New York has plenty of urchins 6 to 12 years of age who are illegally acting as bootblacks. All their work is done with one eye out for the cops.

In biting words Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote of child labor many years ago:

No fledgeling feeds the father bird!

No chicken feeds the hen!

No kitten mouses for the eat—■ This glory is for men.

We are the Wisest, Strongest Race—

Loud may our praise be sung!

The only animal alive

That lives upon its young!

Child Labor Legislation

Some time in the eighties New York and Colorado passed laws fixing the 14-year age minimum for employment of both boys and girls in manufacturing. This general rule has been extended to many of the other states, so that in 1907 there were 29 states that kept children under 14 out of the factory. This law is frequently indifferently enforced.

New York state now’ has a law’ making it illegal for a minor under 14 to be employed in. any business or service. Minors from 14 to 17, are required to receive part-time instruction in school, and those from 17 to 21 who cannot read and write English must take evening instruction.

There are still three states where there is no minimum age for work in factories except indirectly through the school laws; and five more where children may work in factories at 12 years or even younger outside of school hours. In 11. states children under 16 may still work in factories after 7 p. m., and in 12 states they may work more than eight hours a day. Most of these states are in the South.

The employment of children under the legal age is very common in canneries, and in part due to the fact that canneries were formerly exempted from compliance with the age factors of the child labor laws. In the fall of 1930 a check-up was made of 1,127 under 14 years of age found at work in canneries and it was found that 78 percent of these were under the legal working age of the states in which they were found. The cannery employees often go from state to state and may work legally in one state and illegally in another.          .

According- to the laws of the state of New York double indemnity is awarded for minors injured while illegally employed, but sixteen of the states, including the great industrial state of Pennsylvania, exclude such minors from any compensation whatever.

In one industrial accident in Pennsylvania in which a boy under 18 was killed the employer was fined $25 and costs amounting to $10.60. In another accident in the same state, in which a boy of 15 was killed and three children of 13, 14 and 15 years were injured, the employer was fined $15.

The minimum age at which children may leave school to go to work in Britain is 15. In Ecuador no child under 14 years may be employed, except that between 12 and 14 certain work may 'be done by a child who lias completed certain studies or whose parents need his assistance.

In Brazil no child under 12 may work, and between 12 and 14 only if certain school work has been finished. Every child under 18 must have a certificate of physical fitness before he may go to work at all; he may not work to exceed six hours a day, and night work is forbidden.

Congress has twice tried to enact child labor legislation, only to have its work destroyed by the Supreme Court. A child labor amendment was passed in 1924, but so far only five states have ratified it. The Roman Catholic church used its great political power’ in Massachusetts to defeat this humane piece of legislation in that state; the priests were required to openly oppose it.

Child Prodigies

Adults are always interested in child prodigies, and every generation produces many. At the age of ten months Christian Heinicker, born " in 1721, at Dubeek, could speak and repeat any word said to him. Within a year thereafter he knew most of the Bible, both the Old and New Testaments. In his third year he was conversant with history and geography. In his fourth year he mastered French, and died from a weakened constitution the same year.

Mozart composed music before he was 4; Beethoven played in public when he was 8, and was publishing music at 10. Chopin played a concerto in public with distinction at the age of 9. An Alabama boy recently finished reading his toventy-seventh book at the age of 4J.

Occasionally there seems to be a child with a natural bent in a mathematical direction that baffles understanding. A little Danish boy 6 years old instantly multiplies figures with products as high as 10,000, giving accurate answers in less than ten seconds.

At the age of 6 years Lorraine Jaillet, of New York, speaks and writes in French, English and Spanish; writes and directs her own dramas; composes poetry, paints, and conducts all her correspondence on a typewriter. Twenty physicians have, pronounced her as nearly physically perfect as a child may be.

The outstanding musical genius of today is a boy of 12, the violinist Yehudi Menuhin. At twelve years of age he astonished the world with a performance in Carnegie Hall, New York, that the musicians are still talking about. Off the concert stage he is said to be a-normal child.

Harold Finley, 13, has just been congratulated by the president of Northwestern University upon matriculating in that institution. It is denied that prodigies develop into inferior adults. An investigation of hundreds of cases proves that it is not correct.

A Few Educational Items

In England about 1,000 children of school age live on canal boats which are always on the move. The natural result is that these children get only about 20 half-days a year in school. It is proposed to rectify this matter by having traveling schools in which the teachers follow the children from, port to port. This method of teaching forester’s children in Canada has been, tried and found sueetssful.

There are now about 60 publishers that publish hooks and magazines for children, as against a very few only a generation ago. Columbia University is making an effort to purify ehil-dren’s literature, by cutting out fairy stories and other literature that is false and impossible.

Kingsley Fairbridge maintains in Western Australia a school for poor children in which they are educated to step out of the slums of London and into the fresh air and sunshine of Australia. It is said that the output of this school provides just the kind of immigrants that Australia needs and desires, a>_d that the school is a great success and has no enemies.

Two or three years ago New York city staged a novel addition to the education of its boys and girls, causing them to engage in a city-wide competition. for model airplanes with rubber bands as their sole motive power. In several instances the children developed planes that are quite different from any planes in use and that may sometime be used for full-sized planes.

Educating the Parents

A generation ago parents took the view that children owed them gratitude for bringing them into the world and maintaining them during infancy; and that is God’s view, the Bible view. But it is no longer popular. The present view seems to be that no matter how badly a child needs correction the parent should withhold it and look on the child as a mysterious creature that needs constant study to be understood.

There is nothing so mysterious about children. If a father is disorderly his son is liable to be so too. If a mother is quick-tempered she is liable to have a daughter that has tantrums. Parents usually see in their children a composite of what they were when they were young.

With the idea of helping both the children and the parents there are now visiting teachers in some localities who go about visiting homes finding out what makes Johnny do the impossible things lie does in school and suggesting what the parents may do or not do to turn him into a civilized person. It is a ticklish job, but it is a good place to begin. Some parents lie to their children, and even tell them to lie to others, and then marvel that they are lied to in return.

A Portland (Oregon) woman, interested in the case of four boys who confessed to thefts of 40 automobiles and one attempted holdup, made the bold proposal that their parents should be prosecuted on the ground that they had neglected them; and maybe she was right at that.

Many a father is so immersed in money-making, and many a mother is so wrapped up in her social affairs, that there is little time left for thought respecting the most important thing entrusted to them. Scolding a child now and then, or interfering often in its activities, does not give it the aid it needs for its development.

Today there are high school courses in parent-craft, and there should be. The children of trained parents are said to be more self-reliant, better able to make their own decisions than those of the untrained. They are said to have initiative and enterprise and to be working nearer the limit of their capacity, to be sounder in health, and to be more tolerant and courteous and unafraid.

Today organized parent education programs are in operation in 22 states of the Union. Six universities and two schools for social work offer graduate provisional training for parent educational workers. Parents are learning that the first few’ years of a child’s life are the most important, and a study of the .spoiled child problem shows that children do not outgrow early habits as soon as parents think they will. Many of them go through life with these attitudes and then develop mental and nervous breakdowns when they find they are not equipped to meet bravely the vicissitudes and responsibilities of adult existence.

We conclude with a touching little skit entitled “Father to Son”, taken from The Blue Flame .•

Listen, son-—I am saying this to you as you lie asleep, one little hand crumpled under your cheek and the tumbled hair stickily wet on your damp forehead. I have stolen into your room alone. Just a few minutes ago, as I sat reading my paper in the library, a hot stifling wave of remorse swept over me. I could not resist it. Guiltily I came to your bedside.

There are things that I was thinking, son; I had been cross to you and I scolded you because you gave your face a mere dab with, the towel instead of washing^- well. I took you to task for not cleaning your shoes. I called out angrily when I found you had thrown some of your things on the floor.

At breakfast I found fault too. You spilled things. You gulped down your food. You put your elbows on the table. You spread too much jelly on your bread and it dripped on the tablecloth. And as you started off to play and I drove away for the office, you turned and waved a little hand and called, “Goodbye, Dad,” and I frowned and said in reply, ‘ ‘ Hold your shoulders back—walk straight! ’ ’

And then it began all over again as I was coming home. You were over on the vacant lot at the corner, down on your knees playing marbles. I stopped the ear and some of the other boys yelled, “There’s your father! ’ ’ and some of them ducked. There were holes in your stockings and I humiliated you before the boy friends who were left by making you march home. I shouted to ■ you that stockings cost money and you should be more careful! Imagine that, son, from a father! It was such stupid, silly logic.

Do you remember later, when I was reading in the library, and you came in softly, timidly, -with sort of a hurt, hunted look in your eyes? When I glanced up over my paper, impatient at the interruption, you hesitated. “What is it you want?” I snapped.

You said nothing, but ran across the room with one tempestuous plunge, and threw your arms ’round my neck and kissed me, and your small arms tightened with an affection that God has set blooming in your heart, and which even neglect could not wither. And then you were gone, pattering up the stairs.

W ell, son, it was shortly afterwards that my paper slipped from my hands and a terrible sickening fear came over me. Suddenly I saw selfishness and I felt sick at heart.

M hat has habit been doing to me? The habit of complaining, of fault-finding, of reprimanding—all of these were my rewards to you for being a boy. It was not that I did not love you; it was that I expected so much of youth—and you are so young, son. I "was measuring you by the gauge of my own years.

It is a feeble atonement. I know you would not understand these things if I told them to you during your waking hours, yet I must say what I am saying. I must burn sacrificial fires, alone, here in your bedroom, and make free confession. Tomorrow I will be a real daddy! I will chum with you, and suffer when you suffer and laugh when you laugh.              ,

Rales for the Conduct of the Next War

[Reprint of a triple-column editorial of the all-American he-editor of the Portland (Oregon) A⁷ews]

IT SEEMS to have been determined, by the bankrupt minds that operate the world, that the only solution for present troubles is “another war”.

A new war will, it is hoped, kill off surplus labor. This is obviously the easiest means of getting rid of it, and the “best minds” will, as usual, take the easiest way.

It is so much easier to start a war than to apply common sense to world ills.

Well, if we are going to have another war, we might as well have some rules for it. The last was fought, as the politicians say, “ir-regardless” of rules—and it was pretty much of a mess.

We offer, for public approval, a model set of rules:                     ..

• (1) That the manufacturers of army raincoats be compelled to wear their own product, pay their own doctor bills when stricken with pneumonia, and defray their own funeral expenses.

• (2) That all congressmen and senators voting for war be given the choice of enlisting in the shock troops or being shot on the Capitol steps.

• (3) That all manufacturers of war supplies bo hanged when their profits reach the million-dollar mark.

• (4) That uplift agencies, charged with the moral welfare of the troops, be prohibited from shipping cash registers into the war zone.

• (5) That all Four-Minute speakers be shot at the completion of their first two minutes of oratory.

• (6) That all holy men who announce to their congregations that the Almighty is fighting with us be dispatched to interview Him personally on the subject and find out.

• (7) That each battleship, cruiser, destroyer and submarine shall carry, as excess baggage, one or more stockholders in battleship building concerns.

• (8) That the secret service be restrained from the discovery of “enemy plots” every time somebody turns on a light in the parlor.

• (9) That paper manufacturers be prohibited from entering the shoe-making trade.

• (10) That restaurant proprietors near concentration camps be enjoined from having two menus—one for civilians and one, with higher prices, for soldiers.

• (11) That college professors be stopped from delving into history to prove that the enemy always was a low-down scoundrel, anyway.

• (12) That the cause of the war shall be clearly stated to the people as the reduction of unemployment, and' not disguised as “a holy war to save civilization”.

There are, of course, many more rules needed. But these will suffice for a starter. We suggest their adoption by luncheon clubs, sewing circles, debating societies and other cultural agencies, and their transmission, with resolutions urging their passage, to Congress.

The Grist

Made a Mistake Taking It All

Newtok D. Baker, former secretary of war, in an address to a group of vocational educators, said: “I have a notion that industry has no right, as a fundamental proposition, to take all the gains that come from this rapid substitution of machine processes for human labor.” city. An analysis shows that 19 of the shootings were committed by racketeers; and probably there were more. In the racketeer shootings no arrests were made.

Starvation near Ashland, Kentucky

RED CROSS workers in a radius of thirty miles from Ashland, Kentucky, found no fires in the kitchen stoves, because there was no food to cook, and none in prospect. Even when visitors found obvious starvation many cried when asked to tell their plight, because they did not wish their poverty known.

payments on account of dividends and interest increased $612,000,000 in 1930 over 1929. This will be interesting to the millions that are out of work, but it will not buy them any coal or food or clothing.

8% of World’s Shipping Idle

IT IS an expensive business for a ship to be idle, but the latest reports from London are that 8 percent of all the shipping in the -world is now idle, and British ports are crowded with vessels that have nothing’ to do. Vessels have been sent to Australia in ballast, looking for return cargoes of grain.

Esthonia to Miami by Sailboat

TWO boys made a trip from Esthonia to Miami by sailboat. They started August 7, and traveling in their thirty-six-foot boat via Penzance and the Canary Islands, landed in Miami in 133 days. One of the two boys was constantly at the helm. They made accurate calculations and had altogether a wonderful trip. The oldest was but 23 years of age.

Einstein’s Stand on Militarism

REFERRING to his stand in the next war, Professor Albert Einstein said: “I should unconditionally refuse every direct or indirect war service and try to induce my friends to take the same stand, and this independent of any critical opinion of the causes of the war.” in 1929, after nine years of supposed prohibition, the death rate from alcoholism in this country is six times as great as it was in the year when prohibition was adopted.

Skyscrapers Live Thirty Years

EXPERIENCE has demonstrated that the

useful economic life of the average New York skyscraper is thirty years. Few office buildings attain greater age, and many of them are pulled down before the thirty years are up. The courts have now recognized this fact and reduced assessments accordingly.

of fifteen wireless stations that will enable him to keep in constant touch with every part of his kingdom. So are the barriers of time and space breaking down and disappearing for ever from the earth.

Religious Liberty in the Philippines

Misinformed as to how to get religious liberty, fifty-four men and ■women are in prison in the Philippines for trying to put the Independent Catholic church on the map by forcibly seizing the city of Tayug by force of arms. Several were killed on both sides before the authorities put down the uprising.           y

Real English Christmas

THE London News Chronicle says: “The real

English Christmas is hardly English at all. It consists in lighting the Lithuanic log, suspending the druidic mistletoe from the lintel, giving the Roman strenae, or Christmas boxes, to the servants, attending gladiatorial circuses and generally celebrating the Latin festival of the winter solstice.”

Dangerous to Go to Church

T GUELATOVA, Mexico, on January 14, a great crowd was assembled in the church for a fiesta, when an earthquake occurred and the great spires of the church fell in upon the congregation. The priests and seventy others were slain. This looks as if, in these days, it were dangerous to go to church.

Six-Hour Day at Battle Creek

WK. Kellogg, Battle Creek cereal mannfac-

• • turer, has placed his plant on a six-hour-day basis, with continuous operation of four shifts each. This is really the way to get the utmost out of the plant and out of the men, and gives labor to more men than w^rould otherwise be possible. In six hours of uninterrupted labor most men will give about all there is in them.

Unemployed Railroad Men

IT IS pathetic to read that the members of the brotherhoods of trainmen and firemen are voluntarily reducing their monthly mileage to aid unemployed fellow members. In effect this means that the unemployed are being helped, not out of the treasuries of the railroads where they were once employed, but out of the small bank accounts of the 'workers themselves.

The Prices of Bread

TN GREAT BRITAIN the average price for a 24-ounce loaf of bread is 6.26 cents. In the United States, three thousand miles nearer where the wheat is grown, the average price for a 24-ounce loaf is 11.85 cents, or almost twice as much. Whom do we have to thank for this? In Canada, where the four great milling companies control virtually all the bakeries of the country, the average price for a 24-ounce loaf is 10.2 cents.

Harvard Scrubwomen Paid

EVERYBODY will be glad to know that the

Harvard scrubwomen were finally paid. Of course they lost their jobs in the meantime, and that is hard lines in these times, but some of the alumni, were unwilling that the stigma laid upon the university should remain and they clubbed together and paid the scrubwomen the 2c an hour which was coming to them as unpaid ■wages, i. e., the 2c an hour less than the minimum required by Massachusetts law.

• 4 New Tree-Planting Device

£W YORK state has in use a tree-planting device, which enables the planting of 1,7.18 trees an hour in reforestation work. The machine will carry 6,000 trees at a time. The cost of planting is fig'ured at considerably less than half the cost of hand planting.

Ng Lame Duck Sessions Elsewhere

HE United States is the only country where newly elected congressmen have to wait thirteen months before being able to legislate for their country. In Brazil and the Netherlands they must vrait three months; in Argentina, two months; in Hungary, six weeks; in Germany and Austria, 30 clays; in England, Canada and Poland, two to three weeks; and in France, only ten days.

Trying to Find Uses for Cotton

WITH the exception of the year 1926 the cotton crop for the year 1930 is the largest on record, amounting to 26,400,000 bales of 478 pounds each. The increase was general all over the world, and is accompanied by less use for cotton than formerly, on account of wide use of rayon and other yarns. Attempts are now being, made to find neve uses for the surplus cotton.

Free Power in Essex, Ontario

IN ESSEX, Ontario, the users of electric current make two annual payments for current at the rates of Side and a l%c a kilowatt hour. The remaining three months of the year cost light users nothing. Some of the newspapers in the United States that devote so much space to trying to prove to the people that they should pay 9c to 16c a kilowatt hour to private concerns manufacturing electric current should move over to Essex.

The Steel Rail Trust

enator Cotjzexs, of Michigan, has just made the discovery that for the past ten years there has been no reduction in the price of steel rails, but that the railroads all pay the same price, $43. There are only a few rail mills in the country, and they have been in a hard and fast trust for so long that all the persons who formed the trust have since died of old age. This is well known to all who know⁷ anything about the steel business.

Forty Million a Year Graft

Dr. Bevan, dean of Rush Medical College, is reported in the press recently as having stated that the medical doctors of the country are grafting $40,000,000 a year through liquor prescriptions. It is also said that there are several thousand medical doctors in the United States whose practice consists almost solely in prescribing liquor.

$7,500,000 for Alabama Schools

Harvey G. Woodward, Birmingham capitalist, has left $7,500,000 for the establishment in

Alabama of progressive schools for native-born, white, male citizens of British ancestry. The will excludes preachers from the. faculty, and religious buildings from the grounds. Looks as if Mr. Woodward was convinced that the time is ripe for the preachers to get to work.

Sears-Roebuck Likes New Calendar

AFTER a years trial the Sears-Roebuck

Company expresses itself well pleased with its first year’s experience of dividing the year into thirteen world ng periods of twenty-eight days each. It is claimed that this division of the year allows more accurate comparisons of sales, production and operating costs, and facilitates budgeting.                     _;

Cane-Cutting Machine

THE new cane-cutting machine enables three men to do the work in the cane fields formerly done by two hundred men. It is admitted that there is no work in the world that is harder or more poorly paid than that of cane-cutting, and it is feared that the introduction of these machines into the sugar-producing countries will be productive of many serious labor troubles.

Interest, Dividends and Wages

WHICH is most worthy of preservation in the face of hard times, interest, dividends or wages? The question answers itself. The people who depend on wages must have them to live. But when the hard times come, do the interest payments stop? They do not. Do the dividends stop? They do not Do the wages stop? They do. The ones who can least afford to have their incomes cut off are the ones who have them cut off.

Hellertion Makes All the Tones

THE Hellertion, a new instrument consisting -L essentially of a radio tube, four resistance coils, and four elastic leather-covered bars, makes all the sounds that can be heard by the human ear. With this instrument it won’t be long now before the one-man orchestra will really be an orchestra. He will be the conductor, all the musicians and the whole works.

9,600 Words a Minute

HAVING discovered a series of channels or wave lengths suitable for the purpose, Canadian engineers have succeeded in mechanical transmission of 9,600 words a minute over two-line wires, and foresee the possibility of transmitting 20,000 words when the number of channels has been increased in a manner now foreseen as possible. .

God Behind the Universe

6 OD Behind the Universe” is the very good 'J headline beneath which the London News

Chronicle prints the news that Dr. Robert A. Millikan holds that the universe is being constantly built up out of hydrogen in the depths of interstellar space, and controverts the view of Sir James Jeans that it will some time run down.

“Step Up and Make an Apple”

George Matthew Adams, columnist, says:

“Every time I eat an apple I wonder and marvel how such color and taste could ever come up out of the ground, through the branches of the tree that bore it, and then to form into its beautiful shape. And there are those who say that there is no God, no Creator! Is there any one of such who will step up and make an apple ?”

Universe Only Nicely Started

A LONDON astronomer, Sir James Jeans, made the statement, “The universe is very empty. Leave only three wasps alive in the whole of Europe, and the area of Europe will still be more crowded with v’asps than space is with stars.” That is a very good way indeed of saying that the universe is only now in the making; and that is evidently the plain truth. The idea of Sir James that it is running down or will ever run down is veriest nonsense.

England’s Exclusive Clubs Going

THE hard times are doing one good thing.

They are causing the closing of some of the exclusive clubs. The British have noticed that the people who formerly belonged to half a dozen clubs, and thus helped to keep them all going, are now limiting themselves to but one; no new members are being taken in; there are many resignations. Finally all men will be brothers, all members of one great fraternity. Won’t it be fine?

The Ouachita Dams of Arkansas

WHERE the Ouachita river breaks through the hills of Arkansas a branch of the Power Trust has now completed the second of a series of three great dams which are giving that part of the world three splendid lakes, of a total length of about seventy miles. The dam just completed is 115 feet high and required 1,000 carloads of cement. The one yet to be built will be nearly twice that height, and will enclose a lake of 75 square miles.

Incompetency of New York Judges .

William N. C'ohex, formerly judge of the

Supreme Court of New York county, in an article in the Journal of the American Judicature Society, says of the unfitness of some New York magistrates that “so marked, indeed, has this unfitness become that there are known instances where judges rely on a signal from the clerk in sustaining or overruling an objection. This is in the open. In their chambers they borrow stereotyped charges and read from them as a boy learning to read stumbles along and makes no impression on his hearers”.

Forced Labor in Kenya

echdeacok W. E. Oweh, in. an article in the Manchester Guardian decrying the cruelties of unpaid forced human labor, as he has seen it in Kenya, says:

And of course no one can give publicity to instances which illustrate the abuses associated with a forced, unpaid labor system without being made aware of the heavy official displeasure his boldness occasions. The petty efforts to close avenues to publicity only strengthen the conviction that the upholders of the system have a case which will not stand the light of day. If only publicity can be excluded the system is good for a number of years yet. A system which is afraid of the daylight stands self-condemned.

The Slaves of Abyssinia

BYSSINIA has today two million slaves, though all children hereafter will be born free. When an Abyssinian slave runs away from a harsh master he may take refuge in a monastery, from which, by law, he cannot be recaptured ; but the poor fellow finds that he has to . work as hard for the priests as he had to work for his other master, and the wages are still the same, just his board, and not so very good board at that, for the meat is served raw.

The Gate of Tears

^OHROUGH the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb, ■*" otherwise known as “The Gate of Tears”, near the mouth of the Red Sea, there are every year transported hundreds of beautiful Abyssinian girls, who are sold as slaves in Arabia. These are chained together and whipped like cattle on the way to the straits. They are carried across the straits at night, to elude British vessels. The usual price for a fine-looking girl is $300.

The Cape Cod Canal

OR selling the Cape Cod Canal to the United States Government, the lobbyists who put the deal through are said to have made $2,000,-000. It seems that the canal, which is expected to pay about 6 percent on an investment of $1,-800,000, cost about $5,500,000 and was therefore not a profitable investment. Sixteen big banks were tied up in the thing, and they wanted to get their money out and make something besides. At the solicitation of Calvin Coolidge, Congress paid $11,000,000 for this unprofitable ditch.

Rules for Gloucester Cops

THE city fathers of Gloucester, N. J., have got together and made thirteen rules for their cops. Hereafter a cop must not be late getting to work, nor criticize his superiors, nor leave his beat, nor go to sleep on it, nor visit a gambling house or any other place where law is violated except in connection ■with his duties as an officer. Further, he must not get intoxicated, nor use indecent language, nor be disobedient, nor accept bribes, nor use unnecessary loud talk. And we feel like adding that he must not flap his wings, nor Avear his halo in the rain, and he should keep away from New York.

1930 Bad for Investors

Hon. J. M. Balfour, chairman of the internationally known Stockholders’ Investment Trust, in an address in London made the startling admission that during 1930 there was not a single part of the world in which it was possible to invest without sustaining loss. Very evidently this general loss-taking is part of the predicted sorrows coming upon earth’s wise and mighty and rich.

4,357,000 Jobless in Germany

UNEMPLOYMENT is rapidly increasing throughout the world. In Germany, at the end of December there were 4,357,000 out of work. In England the total was 2,643,000, and even the labor experts of a labor government could not foresee other than that for the next five years the number could be less than 1,400,000. At last, there is unemployment even in France.

Bishop Suhard and the Ladies

Celestin Suhard, Roman Catholic bishop of

Bayeux and Lisieux, has issued orders that women’s blouses must not be cut lower than two inches below the hollow of the throat, the sleeves must reach to the elbow, the skirts must conceal the knees, and the girls must not wear transparent stockings. It is evident that the bishop’s education has been partially neglected. He should get married,, or else arrange with the proper authorities that all girls that are born hereafter should be of the general shape and appearance of a keg of nails, without either-arms or legs or other superfluous parts.

What Is the Matter? ‘

Wickes Wamboldt, iii the Hattiesburg- American, asks, “What is the matter with us? Are we fools? This is a world of plenty; it has the capacity to produce everything we need, and a thousand times more than we need. We are living on a fruitful star, a globe rich in everything that we require to sustain ns and make us happy; we are dwelling on a sphere which, with three hours’ work a day from every one of us, would furnish every one of us with food, clothing, a comfortable home and medical care. Are there not enough brains on this planet to work out a system of production and distribution to keep every man, woman and child from want?”

Brave Women of Georgia

BRAVER than the governors, judges and prosecuting attorneys of their state, the women of Georgia have met and made the fol- ' lowing^- declaration: “The real victim of lynching is not so.much the person done to death, but* constituted and regularly established government. This crime is a greater menace to our homes, our children and our country than any other.”

Women in the Next War

TN A BOOK published in London, Lieutenant JL Kenworthy, of the MacDonald government, says:

Women will inevitably be enrolled in the next war. The athletic young woman today can fly an airplane, fire a machine gun and release a poisonous gas cylinder as well as men. She nearly played a combatant part in the last war. Indeed in certain armies, battalions of women were actually enrolled and fought at the front. In the air women will be on practically equal terms with men. They might as well risk the air instead of waiting the inevitable bombing and gassing they will encounter if they remain in the cities.

Child Labor in Egypt

Adelaide Anderson, for 24 years inspector of factories in England, recently visited Egypt and, with the consent of the Egyptian government, inspected its cotton factories, of which there are now many in the land. In her report she shows that Egypt has yet a long way to go. She said:

I saw with sorrow, in several factories, the almost automatic hitting of the children with canes and whips by the overseers as they moved up and down, to spur them on in their work. It was not definitely cruel hitting or thrashing that I myself saw, but it was wanton, and was not discontinued while I was looking on. It seemed to me to be the expression of false zeal and misapplied authority, and there was some hitting of the children on the head, a really dangerous practice. The owners and managers admit that the mill runs from 5 a. m. to 8 or 9 p. m. but no one in authority seems to find it necessary to see that individual young workers, or groups of them, have any regular pause for a meal.

It only needs to add to this that under the Egyptian law children may go to work in factories at the age of 9, but as a matter of fact they often go at 7 and 8, and sometimes as early as 5% they are working like machines, with all expression of childhood gone from their faces.

Saved the Banks Too

lmer C. Walzer, financial editor of the United Press, recently said in the St, Louis Star:

The so-called money interests have adjusted their balance sheets in Wall Street. If any doubt existed regarding some banks, that is now removed via the merger route. News is now coming into print of how the big bankers saved the market and the banks last autumn. At the same time the reporters knew all that was going on. They knew that, to print such articles might precipitate panic. Now the street breathes easier. The rise of the last two weeks thawed out enough loans to put several brokers doing an investment banking business on their feet. Failures now seem beyond the present era.

Why Would They Not?

NDER the head of “Public Utilities”, Commerce and Finance, says:

Despite the dormant conditions in almost all lines of trade and industry during the past year, public utility enterprises, including companies or* systems operating gas, electric light, heat, power, traction and water services, continued to show increased combined earnings in October over those for both September and October, 1929,             .

Well, why would they not? Here are necessities of life, things that ought to belong to the people, and be operated by them and for them, that have the people right by the neck and, as far as electric rates are concerned, demand and collect from the people thirty times the cost of the current, made.

What a Jail Is

oseph Fishman, former inspector of prisons for the United States government, gives the following- definition of a jail: “An unbelievably filthy institution in which arc confined men and women serving sentences for misdemeanors and crimes, or persons who are not under sentence but simply awaiting trial. With few exceptions, having no segregation of the unconvicted from ■the convicted, the well from the diseased, the youngest and most impressionable from the most degraded and hardened. Usually swarming with bedbugs, roaches, lice and other vermin; has an odor of disinfectant and filth which is appalling. Supports in complete idleness countless thousands of able-bodied men and'women, and generally affords ample time and opportunity to assure inmates a complete course in every kind of viciousness and crime.”

Power Trust Moved Too Quickly

TT SEEMS that when the Power Trust got control of the Federal Power Commission it moved just a little too quickly. In its hurry to get rid of William V. King, chief accountant, and Charles A. Russell, solicitor, both of whom have proven to be friends- of the public and evidently honest men, the new Commission, with only three of its five members sworn in, took the law in its own hands and fired Messrs. King and Russell. Then the senate took a hand. The men were reappointed to their jobs, and the president is in Dutch for putting in office men who evidently regard the Federal Power Commission as one of the clerkships of the Power Trust. Indeed, the New York American says, “As for Mr. Hoover himself, he is apparently acting, not as the president of the United States, but as the president of the Power Trust.”

Our Chain Civilization

overnor Huey P. Long, of Louisiana, has the following to say regarding the chain civilization now controlling America:

The chain banks in Wall Street control money in the remotest corner of the country, and the banks not spared by them are struggling for breath. The chain grocery stores have killed off our grocery stores as the chain drug stores have killed our neighborhood drug stores; the chain dry goods, cigar and tobacco, coffee, and chain packing house have about routed all independent business in their lines. These concerns carry with them chain accountants, chain doctors and chain lawyers. For the past thirty years the oil trust has seldom allowed anyone to hesitate at that business. The power trust has harnessed all of this side of the globe. So what business is there left to this country for our people to thrive on? Thousands of men who a few years ago thrived moderately in business have no livelihood now. The millions of people they hired for living wages and salaries are walking the streets. The financial baron’s chain crew’ need little labor and there are so many crying for work it need pay but small wages for wdiat little labor it does use. People are starving, and yet we have more wheat, corn, meat, milk, cheese, honey and truck in this land than the human race in America could consume if every one were turned loose to eat what he wanted. The mau owning these commodities has no market because no one has money to buy them. People are shivering for clothes; and yet there is so much wool and cotton in this country today that if every human creature were given every garment his heart might desire, you would have wool and cotton left with nothing else to be made from it.

By Dr. E. H. Dresden (lotva) authority, has been accepted by the unthinking public. The medical monopoly has the public under absolute control, so that it has been considered next to a mortal sin to contradict them.

There are many reasons to believe the germ theory false. As a matter of fact, germs are often entirely absent from the disease that they are supposed to produce. Take the Klobe-Loeffler bacilli, for instance, which are supposed to cause diphtheria; they are found in but one ease out of four. If it was the germ that caused the one case, then what caused the other three?

All germs in their normal state are harmless, and very necessary in the various processes of the body. You can compare the body to your household. If you would allow the garbage to accumulate at your back door, there would soon be a swarm of’flies there and it would become a cesspool of foul-smelling filth. You would not say that the flies caused the garbage at your back door, would you? If they did, why is it that when you remove the garbage the flies leave also ?

The flies at your garbage pile are the same as the germs in your body: they are seavengfei’s. The garbage is the same as the retention of waste matter in the body, or the cause of the scavengers’ being so numerous; in other words, it is the cause of the disease. When the filth in the body has been removed, then the germs have no favorable breeding place and they are again under the control of the blood. Healthy blood is the body’s most perfect germicide for all germs.

If we did not fill the body with a lot of junk that we call food, or take more food than the body requires, then there would not be an accumulation of waste matter in the body upon which the germs could thrive. The healthy blood would keep them under control, within the requirements of the body at all times. But if there is a lot of filth to be removed from the body, then there must be more germs to help remove it. Here is just one instance where the body acts with “supreme intelligence”, by allowing the blood to tolerate sufficient scavengers or germs to meet the demand for the work to be done.

Therefore you can see for yourself that it is unreasonable to inoculate ourselves with, this or that serum to kill the germs, which have been harmless until the body allowed them to be cultivated, to assist it in getting rid of the filth that is accumulating and poisoning the entire system.

Killing the germs 'does not assist nature in any way.

You are only handicapping the body by killing its scavengers. Nature needs no assistance; all it needs is to be let alone, to be given a free hand to work.

Germs of every kind are floating in the air all the time and are constantly entering into the body through various ways, in our breathing, eating, and drinking. One of the worst germ carriers that we have is money; it not only brings us into contact with every kind of germ known to science, but puts the germs directly into the mouth; because we handle paper money many times during the day, then we go to a lunch stand and, without ■washing the hands, eat a sandwich, germs and all. But, as I have just explained, you don’t need to fear germs; your body 'will take care of them properly, if you have been taking care of it.

Disease is not a something that attacks the body from the outside, nor anything that one can catch, as a good many folks believe. You say that you caught a cold, but you didn’t. Colds come from the inside of the body, and not from the outside. A draft or chill only starts them going; it stimulates the body to action. You had all the makings of the cold long before you were exposed to the draft that you are accusing.

Cold air has a stimulating, strengthening and contracting effect upon body tissues. This stimulation arouses the body to action, and that dull feeling, that coughing and running of the nose, is caused by the body’s cleaning house, getting rid of the filth that has been carried around in the body for weeks and months.

You may have noticed time and again, after being out with a number of your friends, one of them is afterwards down with a cold, while all the rest of you are ■well. You were all out together, you w^Tere in the same places and in the same drafts together, yet it w^Tas only the one of you that got the cold. That would indicate that it is not the draft nor the benevolent germ that is at fault, but that it is the condition of the body. That brings us back to where we started, and shows that it is your own fault, because you alone are responsible for the condition of your body.

It is a funny thing about a draft. In the summertime we call it a breeze and we welcome it. We will go out of our way to find one, or will spend lots of money for electric fans to make a breeze for us, but in the wintertime we call that same breeze a draft and we shun it, for fear that we will catch a cold.

As a matter of fact, this fear of the air in the winter causes many a person’s cold, but not as you might think, not because of anything that they ‘caught’. Through fear of the air they don’t use enough of it, they breathe less air than the body requires to burn up the food they eat, and at the same time they are eating much heavier food. The result is that the unburned food decays and forms toxic poisons that are absorbed by the blood, to be carried through the entire system.

When more has been accumulated than can be carried by the blood stream, it is stored where the least resistance is offered until the body can find more time to eliminate the waste. The parts of least resistance are always attacked first. These are the mucous membranes of such organs as the nose, throat, lungs, bow^Tels, urinary canal, etc.; also diseased or inflamed tissues.

If you have an open sore, it may settle there and keep the sore from healing as long as this poisoned condition exists. Or it may settle in some weak, overworked organ. This organ or the sore, or wherever this waste material settles, will now become a favorable breeding place for the germs that are ahvays present in the body, and may eventually cause suffering; by this it is possible to make a diagnosis. So you can see that these once harmless germs, when given a favorable medium to thrive upon, are now capable of inciting disease that is already in progress.

Take the sore as an example. The germs are not keeping the sore from healing, they are only feeding on the dead tissues and cells that must be removed before the sore can heal. Germs do not attack healthy tissues in the body: they only remove the waste; they are only doing the work for which they were created.

It is a known fact, which was first brought out during the Civil War, and again during the World War, that in many cases where wmunded soldiers were left lying on the battlefield for days, without even first aid treatment, and their wounds became infected with germs and maggots, they recovered more quickly than those igyho had the best medical treatments.

Chronic bone diseases (osteomyelitis or nee-

sWS

rosis) that have baffled the best medical minds in the world for many years, patients who have been mutilated by one operation after another to remove the decayed part of the bone, always without any permanent relief, have been completely cured in less than six weeks. The wound healed up permanently without the use of any antiseptics whatever; no drainage tubes were used. The germs and maggots did the work that all the science of medicine was unable to do.

These facts alone go to show that germs are benevolent creatures and that the fear of them has no foundation. There are many other cases that contradict the germ theory, but they are too well known and need not be repeated in de-

Bp.ooki.yx, N. g.

tail here, as the most of you already know of Dr. Thomas Powell, known as ‘the germ eater’, and of the futile attempts of Dr. Waite to inoculate Colonel Peck in order to produce disease. Then there is Dr. John B. Fraser, the Canadian germ theorist and experimenter. There are many others, all with like results.

They all proved that the germs are not the spreaders of disease, not the dangerous creatures that the masses have been led to believe they were. It isn’t the germ that needs so much watching: it’s your knife and fork that you must keep an eye on. Your knife and fork can give you more diseases than all’ the germs put together.

The Chabal Method of Filtration By Dr. Francisco Vaniente T. (Colombia)'

I HAVE glad tidings for you, and for those who hate chlorine and alum in aqueducts.

In the newspaper Science et Industrie, of Paris, No. 175, there is an article about filtration and sterilization of drinking water which announces the new method of the engineer Enry Chabal, which excludes a'tain, chlorine, javeliza-tion and verdunization.

Chabal’s method of filtration not only clarifies the water, but sterilizes it also, due exclusively to the action of the oxygen, light, and a vital concurrence promoted in the water by biologic phenomenon during the time of filtration, without using alum, chlorine or other poisonous substances.

’All the hygienists in France endorse Chabal’s method, saying that water which contains alum and chlorine is not a natural water for drinking purposes.

In his process the chemical, physical and bacteriological purification of water is simplified in one process, mainly oxidation in a prolonged contact with the air, and some biological phenomena.

This is glad tidings for us, because there is now no excuse to use poisonous substances in aqueducts.

This must be made known to the American people through your interesting Golden Age.

Divei'siosi of Wealth

REFERRING to the diversion of wealth into wrong channels and wrong hands, Stephen

Bell, in Commerce and Finance, said:

There is a surprising number of people who realize this, yet hesitate to avow it because of the powerful interests that would be aroused in opposition and the “disturbance to business” which they fear would follow. Disturbance there would undoubtedly be, but it may be doubted if it would be much if any greater than the disturbances we now suffer periodically. Moreover, it would be the final disturbance. With the world’s earnings and income equitably distribute there need be no fear of further crises arising from “overproduction” or “underconsumption”, and. moreover, the fear that civilization may be overthrown by an eruption of war or Bolshevism would evaporate also. When we recall that no true reform has ever damaged any proper and honest interest, but on the contrary has benefited them all, it is clear that all the world would be better off if all our economic maladjustments were adjusted to the requirements of righteousness.

That is a nice way of telling Big Business that -it has been and is dishonest. And that is the truth, and everybody knows it; so why hesitate to tell it?

A Confession By a Subscriber

IN THE early part of the present century, a company was organized for the purpose of manufacturing tooth paste and other toilet articles, such as tooth brushes, tooth powders, etc.

The brushing of teeth at that time was usually done by only those of the laity who had artificial dentures (false teeth). It was a rare thing indeed for a youngster under twenty years of age to own a tooth brush, and a rare occurrence that he ever used it. Often children’s teeth were neglected by the parents, who apparently did not know that the “six year” molars came in back of all the “first” teeth. These teeth would decay, which often caused their loss.

From this fact the leaders of the organization above referred to conceived the idea that tooth brushes, pastes and powders could be sold in great quantities, if we could just convince the parents that all their children’s teeth should be brushed about three or four times a day. It even w’as hinted that probably many grown-ups w’ould catch the “disease” and w’ould also buy some of our powder and paste; probably some of the tooth brushes also.           .

How to bring in larger dividends to our stockholders was the paramount issue, and the line of action decided upon w^yas to have our agents attempt to interest school boards throughout the country, to place dentists in schools to make examination of the pupil’s teeth and incidentally to recommend our tooth products. This scheme utterly failed. Not a school hoard “fell for it”. This attempt upon our part brought out several interesting features. Wide publicity in newspapers w⁷as given to a discussion. of the subject and the dentists themselves w^rere “much interested in knowing who or which one should have the “privilege” of meeting all the pupils. This apparently gave an undue advantage to the lucky one W’ho would succeed in getting the appointment for the w⁷ork.

This wms new⁷ business for school authorities, and great diplomacy had to be exercised by our general agents in conducting the campaign throughout the country. After much effort and money spent on our part, school boards were induced to consent to have the appointed dentists make the examinations and recommendations, but not in any case w^rere school funds appropriated to pay for this w’ork.

Our only hope was to just “keep up the work” long enough and the habit would become established, at which time the school boards would be compelled by popular demand to do our advertising free. This is now⁷ being done to an extent never dreamed of, even by our worthy president of the company. Even the dentists are now being paid from the public treasury, in some cities.

Usually the dental organization was visited in each city for the purpose of selecting a dentist or dentists, who would be properly instructed along certain lines; for instance, he was not to ask any of the children examined to call at his office; he w’as not to recommend any particular dentist to do the work necessary to be done; he w⁷as not to do any w’ork at the school for w’hich he received compensation; he was to fill out a chart or card (furnished free) showing what the pupil needed along dental lines, etc.

Our previous experience taught us that no particular goods should be recommended. These various requirements w^rere necessary to safeguard the financial interests of all the members of the. dental association. The nonethical as well as the ethical dentist profited by the card system w’hich the examiner used for the children: they all received packages of our goods free of charge; so even the parents who brought the children for dental service would be instructed as to w’hat preparations to buy. Usually men w’ere selected for the school w’ork w’ho were not very busy an*d could conveniently spare so many allotted hours a w⁷eek to this new⁷ “stunt”. In order to have this properly done without much cost, the “rotating” rule w^ras instituted. This w⁷ould mean that each dentist desiring to do so would take his turn at the school in making examinations and recommendations.

When this w⁷ork became general throughout the country, much time w⁷as spent and undoubtedly much good W’as accomplished, but a tremendous amount of evil also was done. A tooth brush drill w’as made a part of each day’s program of the child’s work. He is given proper credit in his W’ork if he show’s that he has a tooth brush and uses it vigorously three or four times a day.

The writer believes that the pendulum has swmng clear to the opposite side, and lives in the hope that it will soon start back and will stop at some point where common sense should prevail. It is almost “heresy” today to make or to offer to make any suggestions to school authorities along dental lines.

When another one of the little children is brought to my office by his parents, with most of his gums brushed away from his teeth or has pyorrhea definitely established in his jaws at the usual age of thirteen years, I feel that we should ask the parent some questions, although the parent is not to blame for the condition of his child’s mouth or the vile use of a tooth brush.

The first ciuestion I always ask the child is, “Do you like to see a good picture show?” “Yes.” “Do you always use some good eye lotion with a stiff brush, to clean your eyes after seeing the show?” “No.” “Do you like to hear the beautiful music over the radio?” “Yes.” “Do you use an ear powder with a stiff brush on your ears after hearing the music?” “No!” “What would you expect to happen to your eyes or ears, or even the skin on the back of'-your hands, if you .treated these parts of your body as you do your teeth and gums ?”

At this point the parent usually jumps into the conversation with a “holy horror expression”, “Why, Doctor! don’t you believe in children’s brushing their teeth?” “Surely I do, when they are ill or need medical attention; otherwise, not. until they are at least fifteen years of age, not before.”

At this time the parent lias partially recovered his composure and I venture to ask if they have a fine cat, or if they own a dog- that they are proud of, and if so, do they see that the cat or dog has its teeth vigorously brushed after each meal or oftener? If this would be done to the dog as is now’ being practiced upon our youngsters, it also would have the diseases of the mouth, now common to our children.

Do we think more of our dogs than we do of our children ? NO! We have been taught these things, and parents accept them wholly as the correct procedure of that which is taught in our schools. It is the earnest hope of the writer that parents will think and soon demand that the evil, done to our children by the use of the tooth brush, and the tooth brush drills .or brigades, SHALL STOP. And that my dividends will become smaller and smaller, until they reach a normal amount.

Wm. T. Knight (Massachusetts)

at a lower price. And the other mill did the same; and others followed along, each laying-off some of the help, until now⁷ there is no need to keep the mills running all the time, for there would be so much cloth that the people could not use it all, and, anyway, lots of the people are not working and have no money with which to buy.

In other words, there is no market; for in the final end the working people are the market.

I just discovered that I forgot to give the man’s name. It is Industry, and he is a very sick man; and there is not much hope, for it is rather hard to make a bad little boy take castor oil. It takes a big, strong man to do it, and Industry is a real big 'bad little boy’, and at present there is no man big enough to make him take it. Anyway, I said at first that the goose is dead; and my experience with dead things is that—well—they stay dead.

Federal Council Associates

THE Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America has a circular letter out, at least one of which went to a wealthy Jew, telling how one can become an “Associate” in the work they are doing, and naming six kinds of saints that they are willing to recognize, together with the titles of such, all based upon the amount of coin of the realm such associate is willing to give up for the privilege of being listed.

If one coughs up $5 or less a year he is just a plain “Associate”, but if he goes over the $5 mark and falls short of the $25 mark he is a “Contributing Associate”. Suppose now a man has been so foolish one year as to make it just an even $5 bill. He goes down in history merely as an “Associate” of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America for that year. But if he loosens up and lets go of $6 he gets something for his money. And what a dignified look that has, “Contributing Associate.” Few’ Jews will go higher than $5 when they find they get nothing more up to $24. Why ’would any Jew throw away $19 a year? You would have to show him, and it would be a hard show.

But at $25, and from there up to $99 a year, one makes another surge upward in the quest for titles. At $25 he becomes a “Sustaining Associate”, and anybody can see that it is much more dignified to be called a “Sustaining Associate” than to be a “Contributing Associate”. If one is merely contributing to a thing he might be contributing merely because he was bluffed into it. But- not so with a “Sustaining Associate”. Here is somebody who helps to carry the load of clerk hire, paper, envelopes, printing, etc., which is such an important part of the business.

It is not until one gets to $100 a year that the height of what might be called 'annual titles’ is reached. At that.dizzy height one becomes a “Benefactor Associate”. This is really something worth while, for a “Benefactor” is not only an “Associate”, a “Contributing Associate” and a “Sustaining Associate”; he is more: he helps to pay what the others do not pay, and what they cannot be coaxed to pay. He is like a revolving beacon to an airman that is lost in the fog. And the Federal Council is all that, and more.

It is too late now to be a “Charter Associate”. To get that title you had to come across with your contribution during the year 1930, at the beginning of which year the Federal Council was twenty-one years old. But there is another title still to be had. This last and highest and most supreme of ‘Associate’ titles comes to the man who digs down enough to become what is called a “Life Associate”.

At this point the circular letter withholds vital information. All that can safely be said is.that not $5, not $6 to $24, not $25 to $99, and not even $100, will get you into saints of that class. The circular just says, warily, “One who endows a department, a worker, or some phase of Federal Council work (sums required will be furnished on request).”

One can almost imagine a wealthy Jew pondering this last offer of titles. The first thing he will wish to know is “Vot haf you got?” It will be necessary to show the Avhole line and quote prices. There will be haggling over the price, and much shrugging of shoulders and waving of hands to and fro. Then comes up the question of discount for cash, or other terms of payment. And finally the blunt offer, “I gifs you so much; take it or leave it.” And the Federal Council takes it, and is glad to get it. And the purchaser gets his title of “Life Associate”, which probably carries with it his ‘Diploma’ to that effect, and the only thing he will ever get in return.

The Cause of Hani Tames

United States Senator Shipstead struck the nail on the head when in writing about the cause of hard times he said in The Magazine of Wall Street:

Not enough of the gross income of the corporations goes back into immediate and broadly distributed individual income. In other words, the potential buyers are not adequately provided with the means of buying. When the gross amount paid out in wages decreases as the volume of the product increases, an impasse is sure to come. It has been recently shown, contrary to what we have all thought, that labor is receiving a smaller* proportion of the value it assists in creating than it did 90 years ago. The corporations are accumulating too much capital from profits and unwisely holding back dividend disbursements. Eich men and corporations tend to withdraw a greater part of their income from the consumptive use than do average individuals.

Who Is Jehovah?

An address by Judge Rutherford WATCHTOWER national chain program

KNOWLEDGE of and concerning Jehovah is of paramount importance to all creatures. The proper study of mankind, therefore, is Jehovah and His works. In general the people are ignorant concerning Him. That ignorance is not confined to the illiterate. The most learned men of the world and who are fully versed in the literature and science of the world are totally ignorant concerning Jehovah God. If the people understood and appreciated the importance to themselves of a knowledge of Him there would doubtless be a tremendous effort put forth to acquire that knowledge. The purpose of this effort is to aid the people to a better understanding of Jehovah and His works and of men’s relation thereto.

Why is there so small a number of people who know Jehovah? The great dearth of knowledge is due to the fact that man’s worst enemy has subtly and deceitfully blinded the people to the truth. Not even this can be understood until something is known of Jehovah, who He is, and of who is the enemy that possesses and keeps the people in darkness.

Jehovah reveals himself by His Word and His ■works. He reveals himself under various names, each one of which has a deep significance. The works of Jehovah that are visible to the human eye call forth adoration and praise of the reverential creature. The works of Jehovah that are invisible to the .human eye are discerned by the reverential student of His Word. Both the invisible and the visible bespeak the wisdom, power, majesty and glory of the great King eternal.

The Bible is the Word of God. Its contents are proof conclusive that it does not come from man, but that its origin is divine. It is reasonable, logical and consistent with itself, and it is true. It will be conceded by all that no human creature can with certainty state exactly what will come to pass centuries in the future. The Bible is the only book in which the history of the human race was written long before the events came to pass. For this reason we say the Bible contains prophecy. There are many prophecies set forth in it, but that which relates to Jesus alone is conclusive proof that the Bible is the Word of God, and not the word and work of man. That prophecy relating to Jesus is here mentioned for the purpose of authentically establishing the fact that God caused it to be WTitten.

The histories of the 'world, both of the Jews and of the Gentiles, state that about nineteen, hundred years ago there lived on earth a man of unusual ability and wisdom; that he was a great teacher; that he was persecuted, tried, and put to death, by crucifixion upon a cross of wood and that the claim was made for him that he was the King of the Jews and that he died in Jerusalem. These things and much more were foretold in the Bible long centuries before Jesus came to earth, and the conceded facts disclose the clear harmony between the Scriptures and ■what came to pass. Moses wrote that God would send a man into the -world who would save the people. (Dent. 18:15, 18) Another prophet named the town in which the Savior would be born. (Mic. 5:2) Still another prophesied that he would be born a Jew and that he would be rejected by his own people and despised and persecuted and put to death. Another foretold that he -would ride into Jerusalem on an ass and offer himself as King and be joyfully received before his death. Another prophesied that he would die a violent death but not for his own wrongdoing and that not a bone of his body would be broken. (Isa. 53: 8-12; Dan. 9: 26; Ps. 34:20) Still another prophet foretold that he would be raised up out of death.

Centuries after these prophecies were -written Jesus came to earth and fulfilled all of them. This alone is sufficient to establish the fact that the Bible was not ■written by man. There is an abundance of corroborative proof, however, which time will not permit me to submit now.

If the Bible is God’s Word, then it must be true and it must be taken as authority for matters mentioned therein. Having a sure and correct record, then, by the Word or Record of Jehovah God we can prove all things concerning His creature man, what is his course and what is his destiny. Every known means has been employed in an effort to destroy the Bible and rid the earth of it, and all of these have failed because its great Author safeguarded it. Who, then, wrote the Bible? The answer is: “For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man; but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the holy [spirit].” (2 Pet. 1:21) "The spirit of the Lord spake by me, and his word was in my tongue.”—2 Sam. 23: 2.

The spirit of Jehovah is His power invisible to man and which He causes to operate upon the mind of man. The Scriptural proof, therefore, is that the spirit or invisible power of Jehovah operated directing men who were devoted to Him to vrrite down the things that God desired to be kept of record.

The reverential man who takes serious notice of the marvels of the earth knows that some power greater than man created the earth and all that is therein. When lie looks at the planets and the millions of stars that appear beyond the earth, and learns that each one of these moves on in its own fixed orbit, he knows that wisdom and power beyond the understanding of man put them there. One of Jehovah’s prophets was moved to write ivith reference to the visible creation, in Psalm 19:1, 2: “The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork.” On another occasion the prophet wrote (Ps. 104: 24, 25): “0 Lord, how manifold. are thy w'orks! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches. So is this great and wide sea, wherein are things creeping innumerable, both small and great beasts.” Who, then, is the Creator of these marvelous things? The Bible answers fully and completely, and. that answer is true. .

Jehovah God is the great First Cause, and He reveals himself under various names, each one carrying a peculiar meaning. God is the name by which the Bible first reveals the Mighty One. That name applies to Him specifically as the great Creator of heaven and earth and the fulness thereof. He is thus designated as the responsible One, the Supreme One, and He who is the source of all life and the Giver of every good and perfect gift.

Almighty God is the name by which He revealed himself unto Abraham, who previously had knorvn Him only as God. Abraham had been called and God was about to make a covenant with him and He revealed himself by the name Almighty, thereby strengthening Abraham’s faith.

Abraham and his wife had no children and they were both beyond the age of begetting children. God made a promise to Abraham that he should be the father of a great nation and that He would multiply his seed as the stars for multitude. It seemed impossible to a man like Abraham that such a promise could be fulfilled. And then God said to him, in substance (Gen. 17:1-5): 'Abraham, even though you are an aged man and your wife is past the age of childbearing, yet I will make you the father of many nations; and as a guarantee, my name is Almighty God. Walk before me and be thou perfect.’ The title “Almighty God” means that there is no limitation to His power. His name was therefore a guarantee and a full assurance to Abraham that what He had promised the Almighty would carry out. The Scriptural proof is that such was the effect upon Abraham, because it is written: “He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God; and being fully persuaded that, what he had promised, he Avas able also to perform.”—Rom. 4: 20, 21.

Later the Eternal One revealed himself by the name Jehovah. Translators of the Bible render this title "Self-existing Ono”. It is true that it means that; but it means much more. The people of Jehovah were domiciled in Egypt suffering persecution. God called Moses and sent him there to act as the visible deliverer, and to Moses He revealed himself by the name Jehovah. That name signifies His purpose toward His creatures. Prioi’ to that time He had not been known by the name Jehovah. To signify the meaning of it God said to Moses (Ex. 6:3): “And I appeared unto .Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty; but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them.” Then God told Moses the purpose of sending him to Egypt and directed him to deliver a message to the Israelites and to say to them: T am JEHOVAH, and I will bring you from the borders of Egypt; I will rid you out of bondage; I will redeem you with an outstretched arm; I will take you unto me as my people; and I will be to you a God, and I will bring you into the land which I sware to give unto Abraham.’ He thus emphasizes the significant importance of the name Jehovah, and that its meaning is His purpose concerning His creatures. Wherever the name Jehovah is disclosed by the Scriptures it means His purpose to carry out that which is expressed and that nothing can prevent Him from so doing. Men make plans and then attempt to carry them out. Jehovah does not make a plan or plans, because such is wholly unnecessary with Him. The term “divine plan” often used in speech is wholly unsupported by the Scriptures and is not founded in reason. There being no limitation to the power of Jehovah, a plan with Him is wholly unnecessary. He lias but to purpose a thing and it shall be done. Once His word is given it must be carried out. Concerning this it is written: “I have spoken it, I will also bring it to pass; I have purposed it, I will also do it.” (Isa. 46: .11) It is the purpose of Jehovah, long ago expressed, that in His own due time He would complete a new creation, of which Christ Jesus is the Head, and that such new creation He would use as His instrument to enlighten the peoples of earth concerning the truth. By His prophet He therefore says (Isa. 42:5, 6): “Thus saith God the Lord, he that created the heavens, and stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it; he that giveth breath unto the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein: I the Lord have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles.”

He having expressed His purpose by His word, that w-ord cannot return unto Him without the result’s being accomplished. By His prophet He says (Isa. 55:11): “My word . . . that goeth forth out of my mouth, it shall not return unto me void; but it shall accomplish that "which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it.”

He reveals himself by the name and title Most High, which name signifies His relationship to all creation. That title applies to Him as the Supreme Ruler over all powers and principalities. In Him reside all power and authority. Anything and everything- that is held in possession by any creature is from the Most High and subject to His sovereign will. The name “Most High” bespeaks His supremacy over all as the One to whom all governments and powers, visible and invisible, must be subject. All power possessed or exercised by creatures is power that is delegated by Jehovah or that "which is exercised by His permission. Because He is supreme the prophet speaks of Him (Jer. 10:10): “But the Lord is the true God, he is the living God, and an everlasting King: at his wrath the earth shall tremble, and the nations shall not be able to abide his indignation.”

Jehovah alone possessed immortality from the beginning. Immortality means that which cannot die. He is the Self-existing One, possessing- life within himself. Concerning this, Jesus said (John 5:26): “For as the Father hath life in himself; so hath he given to the Son to have life in himself.” Furthermore, it is written (1 Tim. 6:15, 16): “[He is] the King of kings, and Lord of lords; who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto, whom no man hath seen, nor can see, to whom be honour and power everlasting.”

There was a time when God was alone. The beginning of His creation was the Logos, who is also called Jesus Christ, His beloved One. Many have been led into the error that God and Jesus are one and the same Being. The following words accredited to Jesus in Proverbs 8:22-25 are conclusive proof that there is but one Jehovah God and that Jesus Christ is His beloved Son: “The Lord possessed me in the beginning of his way, before his works of old. I was set up from everlasting, from the beginning, or ever the earth was. When there were no depths, I was brought forth; when there were no fountains abounding with -water. Before the mountains "were settled, before the hills was I brought forth.”

The Logos, which is the Christ the Son of God, has ahvays been faithful and true to Jehovah. He was made the Redeemer of man; was and now is and forever will be the great executive officer of Jehovah to carry out His purposes, and Jehovah has exalted Him and given Him a name above all names and commanded that every creature shall bow the knee to His 'beloved Son. Jehovah., being the source of life by and through Christ Jesus, gives life to those creatures who obey and remain in harmony with Him; and for this reason it is written (Eph. 1:10) that in the fulness of time God "will gather together in Christ all things, both those which are in heaven and those on the earth. For this reason Jesus said (John 17:3): “This is life eternal, that they might know thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent.”

Ignorance

If Jehovah is what the Scriptures claim for Him, why is there so much ignorance concerning Him? and why are there so few people who speak of His great name ? There is one primary reason for such ignorance, and there are other contributing reasons. The primary reason is that Satan, the Devil, by his deceptive pow-er and influence, blinds the people; and the contributing reasons are a failure and refusal to accept the Bible as God’s 'Word of truth and a failure of those who pretend to teach the Bible to teach it in fact. God’s clear promise, however, is that in His own due time all creation shall be brought to an accurate knowledge of the truth. That time is now beginning.

"When Moses and Aaron went before the king of Egypt with a message from Jehovah demanding the release of God’s chosen people, that haughty potentate replied: ‘Who is Jehovah, that I should obey him ?’ The Egyptian king was ■ the representative of Satan, and is used in the Scriptures to foreshadow Satan and his organization. Some of the distinguished legal lights of America have recently said: “Who is Jehovah, that we should heed him?” The theological schools, universities and -seminari.es that claim to educate the young men to fill the pulpits of the churches today openly state that they 'do not believe there is a God. Let the people judge whom such men represent and whose servants they are. They could not be the servants of God, even though claiming thus to be. Concerning such it is written (Ps. 53:1, 4): “The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. Corrupt are they, and have done abominable iniquity. . . . Have the -workers of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my people as they eat bread: they have not called upon God.”

When Jehovah laid the foundation of the earth preparatory as a home for man He assembled the hosts of heaven, among -whom were the Logos and Lucifer. Those two are designated in the Scriptures as the “morning stars”, and it is recorded that they sang an anthem together to the praise of the Eternal One and that all the hosts of heaven joined in and shouted the praise of Jehovah for joy. Seeing the worship given to the great Creator by His millions of creatures, Lucifer coveted that honor for himself. Of him it is written in the prophecy (Isa. 14:13, 14) that he said: T will be like the Most High; I will ascend above these other stars of God’s creation.’ To accomplish his lawless purpose he resorted to fraud, lying, deception and murder. God caused His prophet (Ezekiel 28:1318) to write concerning Lucifer these words: T have set thee in Eden; thou wast perfect in thy ways from the day of thy creation until lawlessness was found in thee. Thy heart was lifted, up because of thy beauty. Thou hast corrupted thy wisdom by reason of thy brightness. Thou hast defiled the sanctuaries by the multitude of thine iniquities.’ Then Jehovah changed Lucifer’s name, and ever after he was and is known as Satan, Dragon, Serpent and Devil. From then till now that wicked one has resorted to all manner of deceptions to turn the people away from the true God and keep them in ignorance of Him. Concerning Satan it is written that he is ‘the god of this world and blinds the minds of men lest the truth should shine unto them’. (2 Cor. 4:3, 4) When Jesus was on earth His speech was chiefly that of instruction and honor to Jehovah God, and He said of Satan that he is the prince or invisible ruler of this wicked world, that he is against God, and that he is the father of lies and a murderer.

The policy of Satan is to use any means necessary to turn men away from Jehovah. One of his methods is to induce and encourage men to worship heroes. The Bible discloses that lie began this with Nimrod, the founder of the first nation, of whom it is written that ‘Nimrod was a mighty hunter preferred before Jehovah’. The history of every nation that has been on earth shows that the people have worshiped men and set them up as great before them. The nations called “Christian” are no exception. Christianity was organized with a pure motive, declaring its loyalty to God and to Christ Jesus, but soon fell into the trap of Satan and set men up before it as heroes and honored them and deified some of them. Today in every land the name of creatures is exalted and the name of Jehovah pushed aside, and Satan is the real cause for this.

The Issue

The Bible plainly sets forth the purpose of Jehovah, which briefly stated is this: That, following the disobedience of man that brought death upon the race, Jehovah promised to redeem man from death and this He would do by the perfect sacrifice of a perfect man; that He would send, and He did send, Jesus Christ His beloved Son, who became a man for that purpose and died upon, the cross, and God raised Him up out of death and exalted Him to heaven and made Him His Executive Officer; that when Jesus ascended into heaven Jehovah directed that He must make no effort to overthrow Satan until Jehovah’s due time. Jehovah further expressed His purpose to set up a kingdom, with Christ Jesus as the Head of that kingdom, through which all the families of the earth should be offered a full opportunity for knowledge and life everlasting. During the past nineteen centuries Jehovah has been preparing those who are to be associated with Christ in that kingdom, and this work is now about done. God further expressed His purpose, in His Word, that He will destroy Satan and his organization and establish righteousness on earth. Just before doing so God declares His purpose to have a witness given to the peoples of earth that He is God in order that all who may desire may take their stand on the side of Jehovah. For this reason He gives commandment to the followers of Jesus, saying: ‘I have put my words in thy mouth and covered thee with the shadow of mine hand, while I plant the heavens and lay the foundation of the earth. Ye therefore are my witnesses that I am God.’ That is the reason why today the few people on earth who are really devoted to God are preaching the good news of God’s purpose to establish His kingdom and telling the people that Jehovah is the only true God.

When Jehovah chose the Israelites as His people He gave them the law (Ex. 20:3): “Thou shaft have no other gods before me.” That He did for the protection of the Israelites from the influence of Satan. The kingdom of Israel foreshadowed the kingdom of God, and those who shall come into harmony with Him; and these are to have no other God besides Jehovah. The issue now is, Who is God? and whom will ye serve? For the benefit of the creature, God causes announcement to be made, that He is God; that He is the Creator of heaven and earth, and that He is the Giver of every good and perfect gift; that He is the source of life, and that none can have life except by and through the way He has prepared. This He does for the vindication of Ills name and to open the way for all men who will obey Him to live.

The Israelites under King- Ahab fell to the blandishments of Satan, and worshiped Baal, which is another name for the Devil. Elijah, God’s faithful servant and prophet, challenged the four hundred priests of Baal to a test by fire from heaven to prove whether Baal or Jehovah is God. The test was on, and the pleading of Baal’s priests availed them nothing, and they failed. Then Elijah the prophet, in the presence of the people, prayed thus: ‘Jehovah of Abraham, Isaac, and of Israel, let it be known this day that thou art God. . . . Hear me, O Jehovah, hear me; that this people may know that thou art the Jehovah God, and that thou hast turned their hearts back again. Then the fire of the Lord, fell, and consumed the burnt sacrifice. . . . And when the people saw it, they fell on their faces, and said, Jehovah, he is the God! Jehovah, he is the God!’

Today professed Christianity, under the leadership of the clergy, makes a pretense of believing and serving God. In the language of His prophets, ‘they draw near unto Him with their mouths, but their hearts are turned faraway from Him.’ They are induced thus to do by the teaching of their professors and clergymen; and whence the invisible influence comes must be apparent to all, namely, from God’s enemy. The time is at hand when another great test is before mankind, and in this test God will manifest His name before all creation. He has declared it shall be done by fire from heaven in the worst trouble ever known. But before so doing He is causing notice to be served upon the nations that He is God and affording them the opportunity to gain this knowledge and take their stand on. His side. The people must determine foi' themselves whether they -will longer heed and obey the speech of leaders who deny Jehovah God and deny the Bible as His 'Word of truth, who deny the blood of Jesus as the redemptive price for man, and the kingdom of God as the means of restoring and cleaning up the world. The test is at hand! Choose ye this day whom ye will serve! If Jehovah is God, then serve Him and learn the way to life everlasting. Give Him the honor that is due H.is holy name.

Canada Still Uses Hash

CANADA still uses the lash, and is to that extent tied up to the medieval ages. An 18-year-old boy in Winnipeg has just been given five lashes for his part in stealing ten dollars. This has aroused, all Winnipeg, and 1,100 citizens have met and demanded that this relic of barbarism be dropped from Canadian law. At least, say they, if it is to be applied against 18-year-old boys, let it also be applied against stockbrokers who have robbed the people, not of ten-dollar bills, but of thousands of them.

Birds Dodged the Alumimim By Lucy Templeton (Tennessee)' [Reprinted from the Knoxville News]

I HEARD a terrific scuffling around under the persimmon tree and knew that there was a chewink somewhere about, for they can make as much noise with one dry leaf as an old hen scratching for a brood of chickens.

Sure enough, lie presently appeared, jumping up and down and scratching with both feet. In the tree over his head a catbird was complaining of the heat, and in the crepe myrtle bush just outside my window a redbird was flitting about, uttering the tuneless “chip-chip” that AVilson says sounds like two pebbles struck together.

I thought how much they must be suffering from the heat, especially since the drought has dried up so many of their pools and drinking places. No puddles in the road, no tiny drink in a cupped dried leaf in the wood. So I decided to supplement the bowlful of water on the other side of the house with another that I could watch from my window.

I went to the pantry, rejected a white enamel bowl as too glaring and finally selected a shallow’ pan of aluminum as more like the silver color of water itself, filled it with cold water, placed

it underneath the tree and shut Boots up in the house so she could not disturb the visitors to the Spa.              .                                    ■

I then brought my work to the window/, possessed with that unreasoning feeling of benevolence that so often fills one who has done a good deed to gratify himself, and prepared to watch the birds avail themselves of my bounty.

Do you know that not one of those ungrateful little wretches ever came near my pan? It has been out there four hours and not a single bird citizen has patronized the municipal swimming pool.

And I had intended to write a piece about it’

(From the same -pen, later.)

Some unknown friend has sent me a copy of The Golden Age, published at Brooklyn, marked at an article on “Aluminum Poisoning” -with a reference to the Outdoors of last week wherein I mentioned having put out an aluminum pan full of water for the use of the birds which was not patronized. The inference is that the birds do not approve of aluminum ware.

| UAw WoMwg JWfrlr

g         in THE GOLDEN AGE No. 301 is the longest, and in some respects the most

S           striking, that has appeared in the journal for some time. The subject discussed is

g         worthy of the space devoted to it. The title is “ CONSIDER THE HEAVENS ”,

S          And why not consider the heavens, if it will give us an enhanced appreciation of

g          the greatness of Jehovah, the almighty Creator?

§                  The article sets before the reader an interesting and helpful digest of the facts

g               relating to our solar system and the universe, giving busy men and women an.

§ ,            opportunity to glean some knowledge of the wonderful things that have been dis-

g                covered in the field of astronomy within recent years.

g         ' '             Here again is an issue of The Golden Age that alone is worth the price of a B

g                    year’s subscription. The same material in book form would undoubtedly cost that t

J                  and more.

3                           This issue also contains the usual array of news items and the regular watch-

B                      tower radio lecture, this time on the subject “THY KINGDOM COME”.

The Golden Age, 11.7 Adams St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Enclosed money order for $1.00 (Canada and foreign, $1.25) for a year subscription for The Golden Age,

Name .................................................................................................................................

Street A dd resa............................    ....................................

City and State ........................................................................................................

415

for years and years people have been asking about

has added to his already extensive writings his excellent explanation of “Heaven and Purgatory”. In this beautifully covered booklet he answers such questions as, Who go to heaven? What proof is there that there is or is not a purgatory? What happened to that thief who was hung upon a cross alongside of Jesus ? Was he taken to paradise “today” as many believe ? These and a host of other questions that you might think of in regard to either heaven or purgatory, we are sure, will have been answered to your complete satisfaction when you have read this 64-page booklet.

Just let us give you part of the first three paragraphs of this booklet, and see if you do not believe there is foundation here for an excellent discussion.

‘■‘Look at that headline in the morning paper.

THREE MURDERERS ELECTROCUTED

Spurn Aid of Clergy

Seems to me these criminals are becoming more hardened every day.” With these words Mr. Churchman greeted Mr. Christian as the latter entered his office.

Christian: Well, what about it?

Churchman: What about it! Why, such men, knowing that in a few minutes they shall die and he compelled to meet their Maker, refuse the last rites of the clergy!

That is a good beginning, and it gets better as you go on. All .you need to do to read the rest of this most interesting booklet is to fill out the coupon, enclose it in an envelope with ten cents in stamps, or a dime, and mail to           ™"“

The Watch. Tower, Brooklyn, N. Y. ........   . ^: ™ -   • The Watch Tower, I enclose 10^ for Heaven and Purgatory.

117 Adams Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Name .....................................

Street and Number .........................

City and State ............................