The Golden Age

A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE

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in this issue

JEHOVAH’S TROOPS IN JAVA

BIRDS

EARTH’S FIRST INHABITANTS THE GERMAN CRISIS LOAVES AND FISHES OF 1932 POISONING OUR FRUIT WORLD NEWS IN BRIEF THE CREATOR’S KINGDOM

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WEDNESDAY five cents a copy one dollar a year Canada & Foreign 1.25

Vol.XIV - No. 347

January 4, 1933

CONTENTS

LABOR AND ECONOMICS

Syracuse’s Humane Mayor . . .215

Work for a Thousand Men . . .218

SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL

How to Open a Book

Loaves and Fishes of 1932 . . . 205

Birdshot

Emigrating from United States . 215

Homeless, Nameless, Penniless, Jobless Man

Bergenfield’s Persecutors Rebuked 216

“I Believe He Will Come^-’ . . . 219

MANUFACTURING AND MINING

Roseville's New Tax Rate .... 215

Public Ownership, Hamilton, Ohio 217

FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION

Trade with Canada......215

Nome to Patagonia by Air .... 215

Burlington Gave Away Branch Line 215

Barter Between Germany and Egypt 215

New York Central Stock .... 215

Big Banks Not Suffering .... 216

Alas Poor Ananias!

Changes in the Railways . . . .216

Why Wheat Is Low

Air Mails at Chicago

Chicago World’s Fair Coming Along 217

Recommends Federal Reserve . . 218 Shrinkage in Ten Stocks . . . .219 Some of the Recent Losses . . . 219

POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN

Conferences 100% Failures . . . 215

Not a Dissenting Vote in Mexico . 216

Twelve States Disfranchise Poverty 216 Reformed Church All in One Day 216 Too Many Priests in Vera Cruz , . 216 Daniel Willard Agrees.....217

Culkin and Merrill in Wrong . . .218 Pennsylvania Public Service

Commission........218

Chicago’s New Post Office .... 219

AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY

Earliest Inhabitants of Terra

Firma — The Birds.....197

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

Recovering the Egypt’s Treasures . 216 Huge Bridges at San Francisco . 223

HOME AND HEALTH

Poisoning of Our Fruit Supply . 211 Sixty-one Weeks of Hiccoughing . 217 Discussing Burial Rights .... 218 Kept Chicken in Aluminum . . . 218 Need Better Homes, Better People 219

TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY

The German Crisis......206

No Germs at Nova Zcmbla .... 215

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

Shock Troops of the Lord in Java 195 Fine Witness in Washington . 196 The Radio Witness Work . . .213 “What He Is I Am”......217

The Creator’s Kingdom .... 220 Cows Are the Happiest .... 223

Published every other Wednesday at 117 Adams Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A., by WOODWORTH, KNORR & COWARD

Copartners and Proprietors Address: 117 Adams Street, Brooklyn, N. F., U. S. A. CLAYTON J. WOODWORTH Editor E, J. COWARD Business Manager NATHAN H. KNORR Secretary and Treasurer

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The Golden Age

Volume XIV                      Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, January 4, 1933                      Number 347

Shock Troops of the Lord in Java By Clem A. Des ch amp

FROM time to time in the history of Java this island has changed hands. There are lingering traces of the various masters in the features, habits and religion of the Malay people. The Arab has long since lost place as far as rulership is concerned, but is almost worshiped in the religion, which is Islam (Mohamadan, in Dutch). The Spanish, French, Dutch, English, and Dutch again, each in turn “possessed” Java, but the most momentous invasion is that of the “shock troops” of the Lord’s army which have recently entered this colony.

Every contending faction of Devil religion has been practiced on the Malay people; however, they seem to prefer Mohammedanism to accepting the western or modern one. No, there is nothing doing; they will not be ‘Christianized’. “Organized religion” has built hospitals, schools, churches and given better jobs to “Christian” Malays, but still they will not “bite”. There are one or two settlements under missionary control, but ridiculously small, considering the 62,000,000 Malays in the Dutch East Indies.

For the missionaries the Chinese are a better proposition, both financially and from appearance, but comparatively few, in view of the 2,000,000 of them in Java. These industrious people have settled down and are increasing rapidly both naturally and by immigration. These people have a good treaty with the Dutch authorities, enabling them to retain their national customs and exempting the children born in Java from rendering military service (to the Dutch).

With about 500,000 Dutch, next come German, English, French, and American, and some of every other nationality under the sun.

Java is frequently referred to as the “Garden of the East”, and although this is often exaggerated there is some justification for the claim. The country’s being volcanic, mountainous, well watered and tropical is conducive, in the extreme, to luxuriant growth. Consequently every available square inch of land is cultivated, commercially. Rice is the premier crop; then sugar, tea, and rubber, respectively. Java rice is good; therefore much of it is exported because it commands better prices overseas, and cheaper rice is imported to feed the workers who grew the good; and so we learn to love one another.

In passing through from town to town one has to travel high up in the mountains, where the most magnificent scenery is found. A thousand streams and cascades fringed with tropical vegetation are to be seen from the beautiful highways. These also have columns of decorative trees (the natural forests in most parts having long since disappeared). Numerous gorges are crossed on well constructed bridges, providing sights which bring tourists from every part of the world.

With the passing of the forest, so passed wild life, yet in the south, the less settled districts, tiger-cats, crocodiles and monkeys are to be found. Two of Jehovah’s witnesses saw a colony of monkeys that must have numbered many hundreds. They swarmed up the trees at our approach (for we got out of the car to pay them our respects); the very trees seemed to grow monkeys. Authorities warn against this procedure. As there are many small rivers and cultivation cannot be carried on at their immediate banks, this provides space for foliage for live stock and bigger growth, which dispels any chance of the landscape’s being bare.

Java was one of the last places to feel the “sorrows” that would cause “men’s hearts to fail them for fear”, etc., but now, with no outlet for sugar, tea and rubber, and myriads of unemployed (among Europeans as well as Malays) they are asking the cause and remedy. One brother placed about 3,000 books in Batavia (the capital) in five months, while battling with heat, two languages (Dutch and Malay), and social conditions so different from that of Aus-

tralia. With two brothers as reenforcements during the next five months the total was 15,000 books and booklets; that is ten months from the first attack. In harmony with Jehovah’s witnesses in the earth we believe that "this is the day that the Lord has made’ to vindicate His name; therefore we are not surprised at the reception of the literature.

Of course, this galled the clergy, and the “flocks” have been warned against this "terrible literature’, but still the work has just begun and "the half has not been told’. There are stirring times ahead. We are working with only three books and nine booklets, so we still have Prophecy, Light and Vindication to place. There are four workers here and two in Singapore, all from Australia. Many are interested and there is strong indication that a study class would be appreciated if we could speak the language. Jehovah knows those that are His, and He will raise up those that will serve Him in this colony, shortly.

The manager of the Australian branch of the Society is putting out a feeler about radio, and possibly within the next two months we shall be broadcasting here the Kingdom message. This will be in English at first, as that is fairly well known. Workers use printed testimony cards.

The native does the work here, and does it well. He can be found as engineer, engine-driver, guard, electrician, telegrapher, etc., down to the humblest occupation. The ranks of the police are made up of Malay, and likewise the military. Indo-Europeans have equal standing with the European in all ranks, both civil and military.

The low standard of living of the Malay and Chinese point to the necessity of the speedy establishment of the kingdom of God. On the other hand, the arrogance of the masters will not be broken until Armageddon. A large number of these were doing very humble work until they came here, and now they are “ladies and gentlemen” with many servants; and it goes to their head. In the midst of these conditions the Kingdom work goes grandly on. We can all look forward to the time when our brown brothers and sisters may join in with us in singing the praises of our great Jehovah God.

How to Open a Book By an Expert Bookbinder

TT OLD the book with its back on a smooth or covered table; let the front board down, then the other, holding the leaves in one hand while you open a few leaves at the back, then a few at the front, and so on, alternately opening back and front, gently pressing open the sections till you reach the center of the volume. Do this two or three times and you will obtain the best results. Open the volume violently or carelessly in any one place and you will likely break the back and cause a start in the leaves. Never force the back of the book.

Caution: Do not force the flat opening of a book by holding the leaves firmly in both hands, as this will surely break the back and ruin the binding.

Newly bound books: These often require several months to become thoroughly seasoned. If placed in a bookease, they should be held firmly by books on either side; if on a table or stand, they should be kept under other volumes. Care should be taken not to expose them unduly to strong artificial heat.

Fine Witness for Truth in Washington

OFFICIAL Washington was recently presented with copies of Judge Rutherford’s book Government, to the extent of some 25,000 copies. Subsequently President Hoover, addressing the American Bar Association, said, “The people’s interests have been betrayed by false prophets of a millennium promised through seductive but unworkable theories of government.” It is to be hoped that there is no connection between these two items, for it would surely be too bad, for President Hoover, if he jumped to the conclusion that even Jehovah God could not provide a better government than that which America has had for the last four years.

The Earliest Inhabitants of Terra Firma — The Birds

In Three Parts — Part III

The Ostrich, the Champion Runner

The ostrich is the largest, strongest and fleetest of the flightless birds. The males reach a height of eight feet, weigh 300 pounds, and can run up to twenty-seven miles per hour. Contrary to general belief, the ostrich never buries its head in the sand. It has an exceptionally keen eye; and when it discerns a foe at a distance it lies down, in which position at a distance it may be easily mistaken for an ant hill. Its object in lying down is to get measurably out of sight.

When an ostrich settles itself to run, it holds its head lower than usual and a little forward, with a deep loop in the neck. The neck vibrates sinuously; but the head remains steady, thus enabling the bird, even at top speed, to look around with unshaken glance in any direction. The wings are held loosely just free of the plunging thigh. There is no attempt to hold them extended or to derive any assistance from them as organs of flight.

The ostrich in full flight covers twenty-five feet at a stride and can rarely be overtaken on horseback even when hunted in relays. The ostrich believes in plural marriage, family parties consisting of one male and several females. The male sometimes eats the eggs, which certainly seems to show that his morals are, to say the least, questionable. His sidewise kick has been known to kill a horse.

There are ostrich farms in South Africa, at Phoenix, Ariz., Pasadena and Los Angeles, Calif., Jacksonville, Fla., Hot Springs, Ark., and in Oregon. At present there are 1,500 ostriches in captivity on these farms. Each bird yields about $50 worth of feathers per year.

The New Zealand ostrich, now’ extinct, had a height of twelve feet.

The Owl — The Bird of Paradise

The owl is a bird of p^i-ey, and quite a savage one at that. A pair of barn owls is considered better than a cat to rid the premises of rats and mice. They also eat rabbits, woodchucks, squirrels, chipmunks, and gophers. Not long ago the city of Conneaut, Ohio, had a plague of owls. They were not content merely to roost in the trees and salute the pedestrians with their “whoo, whoo”, but in several instances flew’ from their perches and attacked persons passing below, probably mistaking them for other animals.

They have been known to attack hunters. At Turner, Maine, a horned owl more than three feet in length picked up a 50-pound calf and flew over a stone wall w’ith it.

The foot of the owl has a unique feature in the outer toe, w’hich may be directed forward, outward or completely backward at will. The eyes, ow’ing to their form, rotate but slightly in their sockets, which accounts for the owl’s habit of following with the head any object at w’hich its gaze is directed. Their prey is usually seized by one foot, then borne aw ay and torn in pieces. Undigested portions are ejected in pellets from the mouth. The voices are singular; some hoot, some whistle, and some laugh.

Owfls are of all sizes; the pygmy owl of the Rocky mountain region is not much larger than an English sparrow’. The owd is a useful bird. It is true that he sometimes has his feathered friends on the lunch counter, but he does a much larger business w’ith rats and mice, disposing of hundreds of them every year.

The bird of paradise, a native of New⁷ Guinea, has the misfortune of looking too beautiful. The bird has such beautiful plumes, and they are so brilliantly colored, that the milliners of the whole w^Torld are after him. Some of the varieties are the great emerald, the lesser emerald, the red, the king, the superb, and the magnificent. The beautiful plumage is confined to the adult males, nature’s method of preserving the species. The males have a peculiar way of causing waves to go over their bodies, thus showing off their plumage. One of these males, at the height of his beauty display, was observed at the New York Zoo to hang head downward and go through various contortions, all to attract the admiration of the crowds.

Parrot, the Most Intelligent Bird

The parrot is considered the most intelligent among the birds. Of the 500-odd species the best talker is the red-tailed gray parrot of Africa; next is the yellow-headed one of Mexico. Either of these can be taught fifty or more w’ords. They are quite affectionate, but changeable and quicktempered. In Paris a parrot is alleged to have given the police the name of his master, causing the latter's arrest and conviction as a thief.

A parrot can be trained into a good-disposi-tioned and companionable bird, if care is taken with its diet and language. It is susceptible to

drafts. A parrot can inflict a very severe wound. The older birds, when captured wild, often break the fingers of their captors and sometimes almost sever them. A parrot can be trained to do the work of a watchdog and will fearlessly attack any intruder.

There is a communal parrot; each nest is occupied by several pairs, each in its own separate compartment. There are love-bird parrots, which seem to spend most of their time loving one another. They are most unhappy apart. When one dies, its mate usually survives it only a short time.

The cockatoo is a sort of walking or flying palm-leaf fan. This particular kind of parrot is surmounted by a crest of long and pointed pink or yellow feathers, with their tips directed forward, which can be erected and expanded like a fan, or depressed, at the pleasure of the bird.

The Pittsburgh Press tells the shameful tale that at Nice, where in winter the idle from all over the world walk on the Promenade des Anglais, men sell tiny birds like parrots, beautifully colored, wonderfully tame. These birds sit on a little stick held in one's fingers, and never fly away. A woman discovered that the entire taming process consists in putting out the poor creatures’ eyes. Seeing nothing, they fear everything, and especially to lose their hold on that little stick. Would you think that any man could be so mean ?

Peacock—Pelican—Pheasant

The peacock, most beautiful and vainest of all the birds, has been a garden ornament from the days of Solomon, when, as the Scriptures tell us, “the king's ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram: every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks.” Oddly enough, though the bird comes from Ceylon, which is on the equator, it can stand very considerable cold.

The albatross (more properly called the pelican), with a wing expanse of twelve feet, is the largest of the web-footed birds. Sometimes flocks of fifteen or twenty of these follow ships from San Francisco for thousands of miles.

Study of the pelican has disclosed that it is a friend of man. It eats no fish that are useful for human food, but it does eat fish that frequently go in great schools into the nets and sometimes tangle the nets so that they have to be cut to get the fish out.

Pelicans can be spoiled. For years the fishermen off Santa Monica, Calif., fed their surplus fish to pelicans. The time came when fish became scarce and the feeding of the pelicans stopped. The surprising result was that the birds almost starved to death, because they did not know how to go out and fish for a living as other pelicans do. The brown pelican is the official bird of Louisiana.

A wealthy Florida yachtsman, some years ago, had 200 pelicans shot, so that a certain small part of the skin and feathers might be taken to make a down robe for his wife. Can you imagine anybody except some spoiled beneficiary of Big Business to be as mean as that?

The pheasants all came from Asia, named after the river Phasis, which discharges into the Black sea. This bird is now being bred in America in the hope that it will keep down the Japanese beetle. $11,000 was distributed among New York state school boys and girls for rearing for the state 11,076 pheasants. The state supplied the eggs.

Hens will raise and mother pheasants, but the pheasant, when he grows up, will kill a rooster, if the rooster starts anything. Pheasants are very valuable in keeping down insect life; the only reason they sometimes attack melons, tomatoes or berries is to slake their thirst.

The Pigeon Family

The dove or pigeon is the opposite of the crow, so much so that the Lord made choice of this beautiful, innocent, gentle creature to represent the holy spirit. It was the dove that was sent forth from the ark, the dove that was acceptable as a burnt offering, the dove that was honored in the writings of David and Solomon, and the dove that rested upon the Lord at the time of His baptism. The dove is so affectionate that if placed in a sick room it will manifest such sympathy for the ailing person as to cause its own death.

The pigeon family numbers several hundred species. One of these, the passenger pigeon, which within a few years existed in the United States by the million, is now supposed to be nearly or quite extinct. Only a generation ago a flock of these birds would fall upon a wheat field and devastate it in a few minutes. The front birds dropped at the first sight of food, the others settling beyond them in regular order, the last birds settling farthest forward. In a few minutes the first birds would be again at the front and thus the entire flock, revolving like a cylinder, cleaned the field of all it possessed.

Another w^Tell known member of the pigeon family is the homing pigeon. In Europe, and to some extent in America, the releasing of homing pigeons at a distance is a popular sport. Of five thousand pigeons released at Washington in September, 1921, the first to arrive home at a distance of 204 miles consumed six hours on the trip, or about thirty-four miles per hour. In a short flight a homing pigeon will sometimes fly at a speed of eighty miles an hour.

How the homing pigeon finds its way back to its nest is something nobody can explain. For that matter, how does any bird find its way back to its nest? A homing pigeon has been known to fly 7,200 miles, from France to Indo-China. Flights of 3,000 miles have often been made. In at least one instance the Atlantic ocean was flown in such a flight.

In Japan, baseball reports are carried to the newspaper offices by carrier pigeons. The American Army Signal Corps has trained pigeons to fly at night, the distance being increased very slightly with each flight, but the flight made later in the day.

Carrier pigeons have such inhabitiveness that if their loft is moved too far they will roost on the spot where the loft used to stand. Attempts have been made to use the birds in various criminal ventures, but the police have met with considerable success in following their flights with spyglasses, so it is a dangerous game. They have been used by rum runners to communicate with their shore bases.

The British take great interest in pigeon racing, sometimes racing 1,000,000 young pigeons in a month. In the year 1930 the number carried by English railways was more than 15,000,000, and at times there were as many as twenty pigeon trains running in one day. A carrier pigeon’s speed is 1,200 yards a minute in calm weather, but may rise to 2,000 yards a minute in a favorable gale.

Once a year, at Astoria, N. Y., thousands of pigeons are “thrown up for grabs”. This is an annual event of pigeon fanciers. Each sportsman brings a basket of birds. They are all released simultaneously, the idea being to have, the pigeons wing home and take several strangers along. Prizes go to those whose birds bring home the most strangers.

Platypus—Plover—Quail—Quetzal

The platypus is the strangest thing there is. It has the feet of a bird, the tail of a beaver, the body of a mole, the teeth of a pig, the ear of a snake, and the bill of a duck. The young are hatched from eggs, but the mother suckles her young. It is not a bird, but seems to have some features common to bird anatomy. A bird, to be a bird, must have feathers.

The golden plover is the prince of travelers among birds. In the spring he comes overland from South America by way of the Mississippi valley and lands at length in Nova Scotia; but when fall comes he disdains to return by the way he came and sets sail direct from Nova Scotia to the coasts of South America, a distance of 2,400 miles. How he can do this year after year without losing his way is stated by Sir Alfred Newton to be the greatest mystery that the whole animal kingdom presents. The suggestion has been made that the golden plover is sensibly affected by the lines of magnetic force and is thus a living compass.

Of the plover family is the crocodile's dentist, the Egyptian plover. When the crocodile leaves the water he holds his mouth open, facing the breeze. At such times the plover goes into his mouth, picking the leeches and other parasites from his teeth, lips and gums. This dental operation occurs once a year.

Perhaps you know the quail under the name of partridge or the call-name of Bob-white. This busy and cheerful little fellow is one of the early risers. In midsummer he is telling his little story as early as 2: 30 a. m. The quail is California’s state bird.

The quetzal of San Salvador is claimed by some to be the most magnificent bird in the world. It lives in the mountain peaks. It has a plumage of golden green and carmine colors, with long airy tail coverts which spray out two feet beyond the tail.

Reprehensible Robin Redbreast

Lord Grey, in an address on bird life, at Edinburgh, says that the famous robin redbreast of England, though it has a pleasant face, is most quarrelsome, and that its private life is a disgrace. It boldly resents the intrusion into its private domains of even its own kind, not hesitating to resort to fratricide to gain its point. And they are jealous, too.

Perhaps at this point we ought to commiserate our British friends, by admitting that our own robin redbreast is not the same bird that Lord Grey exposed. Let them swallow their chagrin while we express the hope that the handsome American thrush which we call by the name robin is every way a better-behaved bird!

The first point we have to make is that the American bird is a model mother. In a forest fire she will die a martyr to mother-love rather than desert her little ones. But wo quickly cover this statement with the shamed admission that this beautiful bird is killed by the thousands in various parts of the South, where it is used for food. Bobins have even been sold in the markets of Philadelphia.

The robin is the state bird of Michigan, Wisconsin and Virginia. It is a sociable bird. It has been known to build its nest inside a house; the owner let the window stay open night and day until the little family had left the premises. It can make a home in a watering-can or a kettle.

In Emporia, Kansas, a mother robin made her nest in a turntable in the Santa Fe roundhouse and pretty nearly upset the railway system, the workmen were so careful not to disturb her. She seemed distressed when the big engines came too close, and when the turntable was turned, but she had no business to rent a flat in such a location.

Albino robins have been seen. One was almost 100-percent platinum shade. Robins sometimes stay around all winter. In the spring they laugh when they see the man coming with his spade or hoe or plough, for well they know the juicy, luscious earthworms that need only slight preparation to make an exquisite meal. Robins detest and abhor drouths because worms are then scarce and hard to get.

Roc—S’ and piper—Secretary-Bird—Skylark

The roc, or rook, is believed to have been at least fifteen feet high, and, like the moa, probably became extinct within historic times. The shell of one of its eggs was discovered; it was a shell with a two-gallon capacity. One of the leg bones was five feet long. This is the bird that, according to his tale, made things so interesting for Sinbad the Sailor.

The sandpiper, or snipe, in his attitude towards the female of the species, much resembles that of the Sunday morning circus-barker taking his usual stand behind the. meat-block, just before he airs his ignorance to the congregation. As he struts and crosses in front of the female his esophagus is inflated like that of a pouter pigeon. In his own eyes he is a very important person. He summers in British America and winters in Patagonia. This bird, sometimes called the yellowlegs, is said to be the greatest air traveler among birds. Is it lese majesty to call a dominie a yellowleg?

The secretary-bird has a bunch of feathers growing on each side of its head which suggests a bunch of quill pens stuck behind a clerk’s ear. It is famous as a snake-killer, the snake being put out of business by a kick, followed, if necessary, by repeated knocks with the knobbed wings. These birds are frequently tamed and kept about South African barnyards as vermindestroyers.

The skylark is famous wherever English is spoken or read, for its flight song, which is begun in early spring and continued all summer. The lark ascends more nearly perpendicularly than any other bird. When it first rises from the earth its notes are feeble and interrupted; as it ascends, however, in a series of upward springs, they gradually swell to their full tone, and, long after the bird has reached a height where it is lost to the eye, it still continues to charm the ear with its melody. In winter they assemble in vast flocks, grow very fat, and, in the Mediterranean region, are taken in great numbers for the table.

Sparrows and Sparrow Stories

The most abundant birds in the United States are the English sparrows. These were brought into the United States in 1851 and liberated in the parks of Boston and New York. Being a stranger, and therefore without any natural enemies, the sparrow throve so remarkably as to threaten America’s own song birds with destruction. Today there are millions of these little fellows in all parts of the United States; but the crows and blackbirds have discovered that the sparrows make good eating, and are now giving them undivided attention, with the result that it looks bad for the English sparrow. This little bird averages to eat about a hundred insects a day. There are about 500 varieties of sparrows.

The song sparrow stays with us the year round, but in the northern states they are more plentiful in summer than in winter. They sing in every month in the year, but most persistently and sweetly during the breeding season. Given a little sunshine they start their joyous outbursts even in midwinter. The sparrow is of special interest to the child of God, on account of Jesus’ statement that ‘not a sparrow falls to the ground without your heavenly Father’s knowledge’. If God finds pleasure in the praise from a little sparrow, He may also find it in the praise from a little man or woman. And all humans are little in His sight.

Tree sparrows are common around New York city all winter long. The sparrow is quite a late riser, beginning his song in midsummer at about 5: 00 a. m.

A good joke is published on the Soviet government. A public official whose name is the same as the. Russian name for “sparrow” sent a formal message to a city telling them to “keep ready”. He signed it with his name. The serial number of the message was 13,530. The city to which it was sent misunderstood the message to mean “Keep ready 13,530 sparrows”. In desperation they tried to collect the required number and actually gathered in 2,000 of the little birds before the true meaning of the dispatch was made clear. The town was merely to “keep ready” to do whatever might be necessary to win the Soviet program.

The London Daily Herald contains the following story about a sparrow:

Whilst at my work in a railway signal box at Burnley, Lanes., I happened to have occasion to go out of the box, and I saw a hedge-sparrow apparently feeding another one. I paused for a few moments, and the sparrow flew away, and then I saw that the remaining one had been injured, presumably by a goods train which had recently passed. You can imagine my amazement, when, after a minute or so, the sparrow which had previously flown away returned, bringing more food to the injured one. After a few minutes the injured bird tried to hop away, and eventually managed, after much resting (and with the other, whieh I took to be its mate, constantly hopping attendance upon it) to get to the hedge side. I came to the conclusion that it was in much more capable, if not more sympathetic, hands than mine, and proceeded towards the water well, marveling at the lesson which these little sparrows could teach to mankind.

One of our contributors, Susan E. Clark, gives us a somewhat similar story:

One day the family noticed a young chipping sparrow following a female English sparrow about; and fearing that the older bird might turn and fight the little one, they watched them. To their surprise they saw the young bird hop on the back of the other, which made no objection; and soon the English sparrow began picking up the crumbs about the door and feeding the little chippie. This was amazing enough, but later it was observed that the whole brood of chippies was about, which the parents were feeding, while the English sparrow was helping them. One was found to be a cripple, and was watched over by the house people for several days to save it from prowling cats. The English sparrow gave special attention to the little invalid; and finally the parents left him entirely to the care of the nursemaid, and devoted themselves to feeding their healthy offspring. The faithful nurse watched and fed her charge for several days, until one night a drenching rain proved too much for the frail birdling on the ground, and in the morning it was found dead. The family buried it, and soon the English sparrow came to the spot with food in her mouth for her charge. Not finding him, she continued to come at intervals for several days, and waited around mournfully with food in her bill. But the parents of the little one never appeared to look for him.

Starlings and Storks

The starling is a bad actor. He thinks nothing of plucking wool from the back of a sheep to line his nest, and we know where he cleaned fifty goldfish out of a pool as slick as any cashier ever took a bank’s assets for a plunge in the market, or as any bank president ever cleaned the small stockholders out of a big enterprise. Starlings visit the nests of bluebirds and purple martins, suck the eggs, destroy the young birds, and give the parents much anxiety.

The starling was first introduced into America in 1890. In Europe it is much appreciated on account of its activity in keeping down insect pests. When given a crust of bread, the starling first soaks it in water, to make it more palatable.

Washington and Baltimore have both tried to get rid of their starlings with shotguns, smokepots, Roman candles, and even the fire department's hose streams, all to no avail. When they get into a neighborhood they are there to stay. Sometimes a flock of starlings will raid a cherry tree and pick every cherry in a day.

Storks, as is well known, are wont to build their nests on roofs or in chimneys; though they have been known to build them on the ground. A wag in Grimsby, England, recently perched a stuffed stork on his roof, and for many days had the neighbors trying in vain to coax it to come down for food.

The Nile valley has a variety of stork, called the shoebill, which is unable to turn its head without turning the eyeball in such a way that only the white is visible. The effect is so surprising that it has been known to scare children into tears.

This particular bird will catch in his beak, one after another, a half dozen or more biscuits, as they are thrown to him; but he is not fond of biscuits, and after his great lower beak is full he solemnly gives the benefactor a reproachful look, turns all the contents out on the ground, shows the white of his eyes, and stalks off with an air of hauteur that is enough to break up a congregation.

Swallows and Swallow Stories

There are about one hundred species of swallows. The North American tree swallow is one of the first to move northward in the spring, and is frequently forced to retreat before a belated snowstorm or a cold snap. This has led to the saying, “One swallow does not make a summer.”

Last year winter came unusually early in central Europe, and millions of swallows were caught away from their usual winter homes in the lower Balkans. The Viennese took a real interest in their plight and sent to Venice several airplane loads, 25,000 birds to a plane; and 35,000 more were sent in specially heated railroad cars.

The birds liked the ride, but they did not like the looks of Venice, so they straightway flew over the Adriatic sea, back to their old winter nesting grounds in the Balkans. A case is on record where a swallow flew from Antwerp to Compiegne, a distance of 140 miles, in 68 minutes.

One of the metropolitan papers contains the following:

“An army of invading chimney swallows ranging from 7,000 to 10,000 in number will follow their leader down or up a chimney,” Dr. F. M. Chatman said yesterday. “This proves that the bird story from Kingston, N. Y., was not a fish story.” . . . Frank V. Rice, a shipbuilder, and his wife were the victims of the surprise party.

‘When we returned home Tuesday evening the room was filled with birds. The walls were black with the soot from their wings. Some were perched asleep on the mantel; others had crawled into cream pitchers; still others were flying around and around the room. We opened the windows and the doors; we tried to chase them back up the chimney and down to the cellar; but all in vain. They believed that they had found a nesting place for the summer, I guess; for several already had found some thread and string and were weaving these into nests in corners of the ceilings. Finding we could not chase them out, we started action. Chairs, brooms, sticks and anything else we could get were used in saving what was left of the inside of our home.’ Last night Mr. Rice was still counting the dead, which filled two cider barrels and two coal shovels. He estimates that there are 5,000 dead and 5,000 escaped.

While we are about it we give another bird story, this one from the New York Times.

Paris.—Long voyages of migrating birds are well known, yet it is not alwaj's easy to obtain tangible evidence of their journeys, and bird-lovers will be interested in the story from Alsace about a swallow’s water travels and sojourn. Last fall a resident of Ost-heim captured a swallow nestling in a gable and released it, with the following message on parchment attached: “During the summer of 1921 I lived with --, at Ostheim. He would be glad to learn where I passed the winter when I return.” The bird now returns to its Alsatian home, bearing the following inscription: “Have been staying with a shoemaker, Joseph Bady, on the island of Martinique, who salutes my present host.”

Tanager—Tegwane—Thrasher—Thrush

What a beautiful thing is the scarlet tanager or firebird! The mature male is a rich scarlet, except his wings and tail, which are pure black. The song is loud, vigorous and merry, and is heard later ip summer than that of most other birds.

The tegwane, of South Africa, is really not a stork, but is sometimes called the hammerhead stork. Of only about the size of a raven, it builds a nest twelve feet in circumference, horizontally and vertically, and so strong that a man may walk back and forth across it without doing damage. On account of its apparently mean and glittering eye, the Zulus regard the tegwanes as bewitched and will not go near their nests.

The thrasher, one of the most pleasing of American migratory birds, is well known to every country boy and has a highly varied song, fairly rivaling in performance that of the mocking-bird itself. The brown thrasher is the state bird of Georgia.

The thrush, as we have admitted, is the proper name of the American robin. It is also the true name of the English robin redbreast, the English blackbird, the nightingale and the hedge sparrow. The wood thrush is the official bird of the District of Columbia.

The nightingale is considered the most beautiful singer of all birds. As its name implies, its song comes in the night. It is not the song of a ladybird, as most of the poets have it, but is the song of joy of the male at having finished his migratory flight from far-off southern climes.

The nightingale does its singing from April 15 to June 15, and is at it night and day, entertaining his mate during the period of incubation. Birds trapped after the mating season are said to languish and die.

Begbie, a temperamental British nightingale, periodically sings to the whole world over the British broadcasting and allied networks. Begbie will not sing until his ambition has been stirred by a couple of phonograph records, and then nothing will drive him from his place at the microphone.

Stormcock—Titmouse—Turkey

The stormcock is a British name for a large thrush, also called the mistle-thrush, on account of its unusual fondness for mistletoe berries. The stormcock has a habit we all might well follow: its song is as fine and as happy on rainy days as on sunny ones.

No bird is more universally loved and enjoyed than the black-capped titmouse known everywhere as the chickadee or pewee. The last names are due to the notes so often heard in their calls. This bird is very active. It can be easily attracted to any spot where food is provided, and, if unmolested by cats or otherwise, will become very familiar. The chickadee, as the downEast Yankee loves to call it, is the state bird of Maine. It is one of the late risers, not beginning its midsummer song until about 5: 00 a. m.

The American wild turkey is one of the cleverest of all the birds. Her nest is hidden with supreme cunning. When she leaves it for a time she covers her eggs with leaves, slips noiselessly out, and then crosses and recrosses her tracks again and again until no animal could possibly follow the scent.

When an enemy is in sight the mother hen pretends that she is crippled. Frantically she keeps up a fluttering and flopping by which she is seemingly barely able to keep out of the clutches of the pursuer. The whole object is to lead the enemy away from the vicinity of the nest.

The youngsters, from the moment they are born, know enough to keep still the moment the mother hen gives them a warning “put”. They may be clucking and gobbling and having all kinds of fun, but the moment the mother utters that sound they are silent as death.

The brush turkey of Australia amasses a heap of several tons of leaves, apparently for the heat produced, for leaves heat like a hotbed.

Vireo—Vulture—Warbler

There are twelve species of vireos in North America. The red-eyed vireo, which is best known, is strictly a bird of the woods and is noted for its quarrelsomeness, activity, and the energy with which on the hottest days it continues to search for its food and to attend strictly to the business of singing its little song.

Nature is good to the vulture. He is endowed with such acute powers of smell and vision that he can locate the dinner table forty miles away. He does valuable work in keeping the fields and woods clear of carrion. In the southern states the vulture goes by the name of buzzard.

In Havana the vultures have been so plentiful and annoying about the new capitol that the gilded dome is charged with electricity, and now every time a vulture (buzzard) bumps into it there is a puff of smoke, a Hash of blue flame, and no more vulture.

The East Indian warbler, commonly called the tailor bird, is just what its common name implies. It sews a dead leaf to a living one or so joins two neighboring leaves together as to form a kind of hanging pouch the lower part of which contains the nest. Actual cotton threads or twisted vegetable fibers are used as thread, the bill serving for a needle in puncturing holes in the leaves and drawing the thread through.

A certain writer, describing the warbler family, says:

The warblers have we always with us, all in their own good time; they come out of the South, pass on, return and are away again; their appearance and withdrawal scarcely less than a mystery; many stay with us all summer long, and some brave the winters in our midst. Some of these slight creatures, guided by unerring instinct, travel true to the meridian in the hours of darkness, slipping past “like a thief in the night”, stopping at daybreak from their lofty flights to rest and recruit for the next stage of the journey. Others pass more leisurely from tree to tree, in a ceaseless tide of migration, gleaning as they go; the hardier males, in full song and plumage, lead the way for the weaker females and yearlings. With tireless industry do the warblers befriend the human race; their unconscious zeal plays due part in the nice adjustment of nature’s forces, helping to bring about that balance of vegetable and insect life without which agriculture would be in vain. They visit the orchard when the apple and pear, the peach, plum and cherry are in bloom, seeming to revel carelessly amid the sweet-scented and deliciously tinted blossoms, but never faltering in their good work. They peer into the crevices of the bark, scrutinize each leaf, and explore the very heart of the buds, to detect, drag forth and destroy these tiny creatures, singly insignificant, collectively a scourge, which prey upon the hopes of the fruit-grower, and which, if undisturbed, would bring his care to naught. Some warblers flit incessantly in the terminal foliage of the tallest trees; others hug close to the scored trunks and gnarled boughs of the forest kings; some peep from the thicket, the coppice, the impenetrable mantle of shrubbery that decks tiny water courses, playing hide-and-seek with all comers; others, more humble still, descend to the ground, where they glide with pretty mincing steps and affected turning of the head this way and that, their delicate flesh-tinted feet just stirring the layer of withered leaves with which a past season carpeted the ground. We seek warblers everywhere in their season; we shall find them a continual surprise.

Water-Ouzel—Weaver Bird—Whidah

The water-ouzel, or dipper, has the power of seeking its food, which consists almost exclusively of snails and water insects, not only by diving, but by partly swimming and partly walking with fluttering wings along the bottom in search of its prey. It can remain under the water tw’o or three minutes at a time if it so desires.

It will propel itself by its wings upstream against a current so strong a man could not keep his footing in it. It occasionally makes its nest back of a waterfall. In winter these little gray birds swim or fly under thin ice from one air hole to another. When these little fellows come to the surface the water rolls from their feathers and they are perfectly dry.

The weaver birds of Africa construct an umbrella-like roof, under which from 800 to 1,000 nests have been found. In all such cases fibers are the materials employed. In some cases the birds of a pair take positions on opposite sides of the structure and the fibers are passed through and through from one to the other.

The nests are generally suspended at the extremities of branches, and over water, so as to afford security against snakes and monkeys.

One type of weaver bird even inserts thorns in the nest as a protection against marauders. A Philippine species builds flask-shaped nests of fine roots suspended mouth downward by long ropes of similar construction.

Polygamy is customary with some birds. One of these natural polygamists is the beautiful long-tailed whidah of Africa. He gathers to himself about six females, which he watches over with as much care as does any sultan over his harem. The grackle is also a polygamist.

Whippoorwill—Woodcock—Woodpecker—Wren

The whippoorwill tells his name many times in the course of a night, always with the accent on the last syllable, but is usually quiet by midnight. He never moves about in the daytime, and therefore his appearance is quite unknown by many who are very familiar with his song.

The woodcock has his busiest hours just after sunset and just before dawn, his principal food being earthworms. He often visits city lawns on moonlit nights. The female woodcock is very solicitous about her young, sometimes bearing them one at a time from a supposed danger to a place of safety.

Woodpeckers, of which there are 300 species, are found everywhere except in Australia and Madagascar. A grub is located in a dry tree, either by listening or by inspecting. Straightway the woodpecker drills a hole until the grub is uncovered. A long sticky tongue finishes the job. The woodpecker is considered so valuable as a timber preserver that stringent laws for its protection are common in the West.

The woodpecker is a most industrious bird. One morning, a Sunday morning at that, one of them evidently heard a worm under the slate roof, and the way he hammered on that roof, at 4: 30 a.m., trying to break his way through the slate, was almost enough to wake the dead. And even though stoned, he came back again and again.

The woodpecker makes his own nest by a hole which he drills first horizontally and then vertically downward. There are about 350 species of woodpeckers. One of these the Negroes call by the opprobrious name of “shirt-tail bird”. That is all just because, innocently, he has white upper tail covers and a white rump. Why blame a bird for something he can’t help?

One of those industrious woodpeckers can do something no darky could do, no matter how good his intentions. He will eat three thousand ants at one sitting, and enjoy them! The woodpecker is distinguished by forty different names. In Alabama it is called the flicker, and is the state bird.

In August, 1932, in the sovereign state of Pennsylvania, Mrs. Anna Chess, a mother who had a large family to provide for, went hunting and shot a woodpecker. It happens to be a bird protected by the laws of the state, and some great (?) and good (?) and wise (?) judge sent her to prison for twenty days. No doubt the woodpecker that was killed was a valuable citizen ; he was certainly as much so as such a judge.

And last, but not least, we have the busy little wren. A lover of bird life, writing of interesting happenings in the neighborhood, says:

Another neighbor acts like a thief in his own woodshed, for a pair of wrens have nested in the woodstack. He creeps in stealthily, moves slowly, is careful where he takes his wood, docs not enter frequently, and makes most of the moments when the bird is away. When necessity demands that he use his own shed, he is scolded vociferously by a midget in feathers whom he could hide in his fist. The situation is absurd but honorable, for the host will not upset a guest who is reposing in his trust!

* # # *

“0 Jehovah, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches.”—Psalm 104: 24.

The Loaves and Fishes of 1932

(Beprinted from the Los Angeles Record)

JESUS said unto them: They have no need to go away; give ye them to eat.

But the Welfare Workers stepped forward and the Executive Secretaries advanced, saying: First there must be a survey and charts must be made and the names of the multitude listed.

# * #

So the Welfare Workers and the Executive Secretaries went among the multitude with pencils and paper and adding machines and typewriters, listing them and questioning about their names and ages and previous conditions of servitude.

And when this was done, it was dark, and the Welfare Workers and the Secretaries withdrew to their offices and covered many sheets of paper with figures and reports.

And when they had finished, about three weeks later, the figures and reports were taken to the printer, and printed on glossy and expensive paper; and the reports were distributed throughout the cities with an “appeal” for help, aid and assistance, partly to feed the multitude but in great measure to pay the salaries of the Welfare Workers and the Secretaries.

* * *

So a great drive was organized in the cities, while the multitude waited and the loaves and fishes grew stale and unpalatable.

Among the Welfare Workers and the Executive Secretaries there were many noon luncheons and pep meetings and great enthusiasm, and they were filled with food and cheer while the collectors went out among the people, coercing and threatening them to fill the quota.

And for many days the drive continued, the poor giving of their substance and the rich giving little, until the quota was raised and the money deposited in the bank.

# * *

Then was a new supply of loaves and fishes purchased, and conveyed to the multitude by the shore of the lake. But upon the multitude there lay a great silence, and the people moved not.

Then the Executive Secretaries and the Welfare Workers looked upon the silent multitude and said: They are dead, but no blame attaches to us. Everything has been done in order, with graphs and charts and splendid surveys showing the percentage of those under 16, and the percentage of those suffering from malnutrition. All is well and the surveys shall be filed away.

* * *

But upon the shore of the lake stood the solitary figure of a sad-eyed man, a humble carpenter’s son, stretching out His arms toward the sunshine above and speaking not. . .

The German Crisis By J. Lowell Bito (New Jersey)

THE seething controversy that today storms the governmental structure of Germany may be largely attributed to the rapid growth and increasing influence of ardent Fascism. This militant faction, strengthened by the inability of the government to alleviate unemployment hardships, has won tremendous acclaim through promises of ameliorating the lot of the discontented citizenry. So successful has been this form of propaganda that, at the general elections in September, 1930, Fascist representation in the Reichstag increased from 12 to 107. This made the Nazis (Fascists) the second most powerful faction in German politics. The Nazis then found themselves in a position to influence political maneuvers, and they lost no opportunity in encouraging legislation that fostered their principles; while they fervently and vehemently decried all measures of importance only to other factions. Such deliberate methods in time created a marked spirit of antagonism; and the friction between the factions rapidly developed into bitter and envenomed controversy. It is beneath the furore of this controversy that today the government is staggering in a manner so precarious.

A Republic in the Making

A full comprehension of the German crisis necessitates the consideration of these facts: Germany is adjusting herself to a government that is peculiar to the oligarchic system under which she has labored for centuries. During this period of transition there is, of course, no such soundness of policies and stability of administration as is found in a government firmly entrenched. There is, of necessity, a constant alteration for improvement and still further betterment: a meticulous attempt to substitute one reform for another, and thus to replace each glaring deficiency by measures supposedly more adequate. During the birth of our government, as in the infancy of all democracies, there was pursued a similar trend towards improvement. In our country, for example, the drastic alterations to which the “Articles of Confederation” were subjected finally led to the establishment of our present constitution. But under the “Articles” was there a scintilla of that efficiency vhich now characterizes our government? Did the members of the Union then possess that cohesiveness which now binds us together in endearing fraternity? Germany, like our colonies, is undergoing changes that are invariably necessary to a government still in its infancy.

Ever since the inception of the new German constitution, these governmental vicissitudes caused a skeptic minority of the German people to stigmatize their government as irresolute and vacillating. This group interpreted governmental adjustments as the precarious shiftings of a staggering power. They viewed their government with much the same anticipation as they would a versatile funambulist. However, their views, founded on so strained a hypothesis, lacked conviction, and hence its scope embraced only a small group of adherents.

The Inception of Hitlerism

But of late the distress caused by the current economic maladjustment not only has incited in this sect a more dangerous degree of agitation, but also has provided them with better material for propaganda. They are now enabled to impregnate their arguments with more substantial reasoning and less metaphysical speculation. The result is that their ranks are increasing; and contumacy is beginning to show its brazen front. Thus there is being created a national psychosis of malignant unrest: a psychosis composed of so desperate a feeling of insecurity, so small a vestige of fidelity, that the slightest provocation is liable to cause an ebullition of anarchism.

Cognizant of these circumstances, the German administration sagaciously contrives to maintain its commanding position. Unfortunately, it is now not only confronted by problems that are inherent to a new government, but also harassed by demonstrations of dissatisfaction. These demonstrations are the display of an irate emotion, a spontaneous reaction to a governmental maneuver. During the early ages of civilization the slowness in communication made impossible the present gravity of these displays: time elapsed before the citizens learned of governmental activities; more time elapsed before their feelings were registered at the executive seats; and during the intervening period riled emotions had subsided without any result. But today each parliamentary decree is simultaneously read in every German community. Almost instantaneously there follows a mobilization of forces disheartened by it. On the other hand, the advocates, with equal rapidity, ally themselves in forceful opposition. The result is an

embittered conflict between the elements of satisfaction and discontent, the very clash between Euphrosyne and Niobe. Consequently the government’s attention is diverted from urgent routine work and is given to devise compensatory measures.

Old Obsequiousness All Gone

In the interim the German imbroglio rapidly multiplies in its intricacies and complexities. There is no longer even a vestige of that obsequiousness which the Germans endured under the Hohenzollerns. Unrestrained emotions, pernicious plotting, and overt acts of violence are creating a turbulence of grave potentialities. A turbulence in which policies of conservatism and liberality, labor and aristocracy, religion and persecution, are all equally embroiled. One group praises what the other condemns; a third sect encourages certain measures, while its adversaries croak only reprehension. All factions offer variant plans for supplying the nation’s exigencies, but each is lost in the riotous clamor for attention. Such chaotic conditions have, to varying degrees, characterized all governments while passing through a similar period of metamorphosis. Macaulay, in his “Essay on Milton”, depicts the English Restoration which, with the exception of a few episodic details, is quite similar to the German crisis. Indeed, it is in just this sort of raging caldron in which were molded the foundations of the most puissant democracies.

Against this panorama of national turbulence there looms forth the menacing promontory of the National Socialist movement. It seems incredulous that a political party so insignificant in its origin, so heterodox in its policies, can, in the space of a few years, develop into proportions that overshadow the structure of a national government. Yet Adolf Hitler and his national socialist party (the Nazis) have accomplished this rare feat. It is such a momentous accomplishment that the factors contributing to its success are of exceptional interest.

A Racket, Pure and Simple

Hitlerism is neither a renovation of a forgotten principle nor is it a newly formulated panacea. It is simply a doctrine of government in which there is an incongruous fusion of radical ideas and unrestrained fancies: ideas that wholly separate themselves from reality; and fancies that infer a degree of mental derangement. Quite naturally, therefore, Hitlerism does not find its greatest appeal in the merit of its basic principles. This fact becomes the more obvious when it is remembered that Hitler vehemently exhorted his doctrine during a period of some years, and yet he received, not enthusiasm, but yawning apathy. In fact, it is highly probable that were he to have preached ad infinitum he would never have excited interest, so heterodox were his ideas, and so puerile his fancies.

Sensible of the fruitlessness of his gospel, Hitler, a few years ago, resolved to fuse Iris emasculate principles with theories more virile and potent. Hence there followed a revision in which essentials of Hitlerism were crudely amalgamated with orthodox methods of government. Such a combination of radicalism and orthodoxy, however, could not fail to breed in Hitlerism the most preposterous contradictions: contradictions in which Hitler extols the virtues of radical autocracy, while attempting to admire the blessings of popular democracy. He, in one sentence, speaks of establishing an autocratic Germany of economic self-sufficiency; and, in another sentence, he speaks of promoting international benevolence through reciprocal trade. Hitler’s latest speeches abound in these glaring contradictions. In the main, these miserable errors are caused by a militation between Hitler’s idealistic philosophy and his attempt to interpret those ideals in the form of stark realism. Obviously this sort of dissertation has little persuasive value; but it serves to arouse curiosity and thereby stimulate some public interest.

Base and Ignoble Appeals

In fact, throughout the embryonic and mature stages of Hitlerism, there is clearly discernible this fervid attempt at attracting interest, and gaining sympathy. So governed are the Hitlerites by this passion that their every expression rings with self-eulogy and supplication for support. Ruled by such despotic zeal, the Nazis naturally employ, in their oratory, arguments that tend more to stir the emotions rather than to demonstrate the inadequacy of the present administration. For instance, the Nazis delight in depicting the government as a tottering man struggling beneath unjustifiable pecuniary impositions ; a man blanching with fear when asked to repudiate those impositions. They repeatedly portray the Germans as a prostrate people unable even to feed their families; and then, in phrases approaching scurrility, they paint the government as a stealthy thief robbing the purses of the citizens in order to amass sums with which to pay “tribute” in the form of reparations. The Nazis lack no art in fashioning similar imageries to illustrate such supposedly governmental iniquities as the stagnation in German industry, the government's agreement to “unilateral” treaties, and even the tariffs immuring German trade; all these imageries are deftly designed to incite a deadly antipathy against the administration.

It has been evinced by local elections, held since the revision of Hitler’s doctrine, that hordes of humanity are swayed by these miserable reasonings and emotional portraitures. These polling triumphs quickly raised Hitlerism from obscurity to a plane of petty significance. It is highly probable that normally this would have been the ne plus ultra of national socialism. However, at this juncture Germany was seized in the octoputal grasp of the world-wide economic panic. The pernicious effect of this catastrophe, although dangerously undermining German institutions, nevertheless greatly served to facilitate the further development of National Socialism. Since this factor contributed so greatly toward the growth of Hitlerism, a few paragraphs relevant to this phase of the subject are here unquestionably fitting.

Vast Additions to Lower Classes

Prior to the recent economic depression social Germany was experiencing a mutation of such proportions that its magnitude is unique in the annals of the country’s history. Intensive and prodigous mechanization projects were steadily eliminating the need for manual labor. Hence the proletariat, in order to maintain sustenance, were compelled to adopt vocations hitherto performed by higher social classes. On the other hand, the large corporation mergers and powerful banking combines were making competition too strenuous for independent merchants and financiers. Consequently, the private business organizations were gradually disintegrating, and their members, now minus their lucrative income, were being absorbed by the lower social strata. Thus there was being effected a steady integration of social classes into the bourgeois group; and the more scrupulosity exercised in perfecting mechanical efficiency and furthering monopolistic enterprises, the more intense this integration became.

What conditions the culmination of such a social fusion will create is as yet a conjectural conclusion. However, it may be seen from the following that the present status of this social trend is of sufficient moment to influence the formation of national party policies. It may be seen further that the aptitude of Hitlerism for the demands of the new social formation is, in a large measure, the attraction of the national socialist movement.

The A hite-Collar Slaves

At the time that Germany first felt the undulation of the current financial upheaval her rapidly increasing white-collar employees’ class numbered approximately 3,400,000 members; of this group about one-third were women. The salaries of these office employees are somewhat lower than those received by menial and laboring classes. The male office employees are paid on an average $63.57 per month, while females receive on an average only $37.38 a month. Added to this, a youth is paid only one-half to one-third the amount received by his elder. This practice naturally encourages firms to discharge employees as soon as they have reached the age of forty-five and to fill the vacancies with employees of the younger generation. It becomes at once obvious that such low salaries, such discrepancy between the value of male and female work, such inane and insipient treatment of old employees could not fail to arouse a feeling of animosity in the breasts of the disparaged Germans. This smoldering animosity naturally grew in proportion to the increasing duress of the economic panic. Thus with the further aggravation of conditions by the maladjustments of recent years the accursed plight of this class of people became unbearable. Hence they looked for succor, not to the established organizations which have so sadly failed them, but to the budding Nazi movement and its numerous promises of immediate and effective relief.

Hitlerism, therefore, finds its most spontaneous advocacy among this class of people. Three millions of this group are so destitute that they can scarcely maintain the living standards of the lowly proletariat. However, under the increasing strain of economic conditions, there is less grumbling about social degradation, and proportionately more brooding over future earning power deprivation. These people have little interest in those theories that propose to alleviate their burden by adjustments through international trade agreements. Their speech, their thoughts, their very acts are all expressive of the undivided interest with which they view their domestic problem and its possible future. Not being fully sensible of the exotic influences upon their industries, they naturally lay all the blame for the present hardships upon the shoulders of their administrators, and christen them in the light of perfidious malefactors. Thus the jeopardy of their social prestige, the sharp diminution in their earning power, the miserable prospects of future betterment, all they charge to the impotency of the existing regime. Hence it is not astonishing that it is this class of people who should reverence most profoundly the man, Hitler, who offers to change the order of things; and that this class should most fervidly extol the virtues of a doctrine bulging with plans of remedial significance.

The University Students

Another ardent group among the proponents of Hitlerism is the faction composed of German university students. These young men are, of course, least inured to the buffets of present economic trends. No amount of inculcating, however, could have so vividly impressed them ■with life’s struggles as the chaotic panorama that now meets their gaze from every side. They watch with saddening eyes the dolorous faces of some thirty thousand recent graduates who are desperately still seeking employment. They realize with a shudder that in a year or two the ranks of these graduates will be swelled by another hundred thousand. These are indeed crushing prospects for a set of young men who are fired with zeal and ambition to arrive at honors in this world of opportunity. Their spirits are more deeply veiled in melancholy when they behold their beloved parents vainly striving against dastardly fate, exerting all efforts till exhaustion, and then swooning in the fetid effluvium of despair. No filial heart could witness the unfolding of this tragic drama and yet not sw^Tell in bitter protest. It cannot be expected that these students would support the government under which such abominable conditions are existing. They, however, are sufficiently familiar with governments to realize the absurdity of the policies advocated by the extreme Left. The other parties in Germany, in the eyes of these students, too closely resemble the present government. Hence they espouse the cause of the national socialist movement, the movement that promises them the best future.

The “Sturmabteilungen”

It is these university students who form the nucleus of Hitler’s military organization the Stiirmabteiluiigeii. Among the Hitlerites, there is much importance attached to this military unit. It is intended not oidy to protect the members of the national socialist movement, but also to serve as an adequate substitute for the former national army. A considerable portion of the sturmabteilungen is made up of young men from the labor classes. Although a large percentage of German laborers are under the influence of the Left, nevertheless these young men have associated themselves with Hitler because they believe Socialism is more likely to gain control of the government than the Left faction. The sturmabteilungen, however, is not as important and powerful as Nazi zealots would have it believed. It is not sufficiently well organized or equipped to be of any immediate danger to the government. But the psychological effect that this military unit creates among the Nazis is undeniably of great value to Hitlerism. It leads the Nazis to overestimate the strength and importance of their party; it lends them an air of superiority; it instills into them a sense of security. But aside from this psychological effect, the sturmabteilungen is of no more worry to German authorities than organized gunmen are to Chicago police.

Probably there is nothing so indicative of primitive consciousness in the entire Nazi program as the anti-Jewish sentiment it so passionately advocates. Racial prejudices and religious creeds for hundreds of centuries have formed the fulcrum on which was balanced the destiny of nations. Civilization has been extremely slow in realizing the insipience of such prejudices. The Occident, of course, has made the greatest progress in minimizing the importance of religious and racial differences. However, when such contemptible sentiment arises in a modern country like Germany, it serves as the very mockery of human progress.

Appeals to Anti-Semitism

The Nazis assert that if the five hundred thousand Jews were evicted from Germany there would immediately be thousands of vacancies in German business enterprises that could promptly be filled by "genuine German

n* GOLDEN AGE

stock”. They argue that commanding positions in German industry are held by Jews whose motives are grounded wholly in selfish interests. But if these positions, they continue, were occupied by “true-blooded Germans as the Nazis”, then not only would the sons of the fatherland be employed, but the country would be the better under the unselfish cooperation received from patriotic industries. Probably it is too strained an assumption for Hitlerites to consider themselves better German citizens and patriots than Jews. It should be borne in mind that Hitler himself is of Austrian extraction. But if this arrogant assumption is not granted, then Hitler himself is at a loss to justify his anti-Jewish feeling. Indeed, enmities aroused by racial and religious differences are always founded on grounds the most yielding and scornworthy. And especially should such sentiment be spurned with ineffable contempt when it parades itself under the alias of patriotism.

Although this reprehensible sentiment is shared in varying degrees by all of the adherents of the Nazi program—soldiers, shopkeepers, widows, students, lawyers, petty financiers, tradesmen, etc.—it is not prompted by an inveterate antipathy, but is rather the excrescence of desperate competition. The strongest tenet of the Nazi program is its plan for providing employment; and thus they believe that by evicting the Jews from the country they would ease the competition between Germans for employment. Therefore, if Negroes were as numerous and progressive in Germany as the Jews, then the Hitlerites would direct their shafts against the negroid race. Hence it becomes at once obvious that competition for employment has reached such a tension in Germany that men bitterly envy each other because they have the fortune of being employed; and the people of the nation have lost all decorum and decency in the impassioned struggle for the survival of the fittest. Every class, every human, feverishly clamors for anything that promises work.

The Clamor for Jobs

The furore of this clamor for relief was undoubtedly most manifested during the elections last summer. Gregarious humanity flocked to the polls, and registered their votes for the party that promised them the most effective relief. The Nazis gained enough votes to seat 229 of their members in the Reichstag. Then followed a period of gruesome conflict between the factions. Riots were common occurrences; embittered brawls were daily events. Men snarled at men; factions lampooned factions; and lethal weapons glittered in their concealment beneath coats and jackets. Monstrous oaths rent the air as though from Dante’s hell ascending; and children screaming fled in blanching horror. Maimed, wounded, and dead were daily found upon the streets. Women, children, and mendicants feared to venture forth from their homes. And yet this was only a struggle between factions ; but it more closely resembled hostile war. It was a struggle in which supremacy was attained by annihilating the opposition; so despicable a conflict in a country under democratic rule. It is these dire scenes and militant acts that at times shroud Democracy in deepest sorrow.

Influence of Von Hindenburg

Amidst this turmoil and confusion there stands preeminent a silent hero who is deserving of more attention than is generally given him. Without a doubt this man, Paul von Hindenburg, has been the very tie that bound together the disintegrating structure of the German government. He has accomplished this task without any ostentation, without any flamboyant legislation, without any mark of super-intellectual leadership, but with a subtleness that justly stamps his feat with the highest merit. On his shoulders has rested a responsibility that would have humbled a lesser man. About him were strewn such technical problems that it required the utmost shrewdness and diplomacy to properly adjudicate them. Hindenburg faced the task and proved equal to the occasion. He performed his herculean work with such reticence that the brilliancy of his acts was pilloried before the world, while he remained hidden in obscurity. This is the mark of true devotion; this, the stamp of noblest patriotism.

Hindenburg is least happy when he is garbed in the robe of a politician. He sadly lacks that quality of barter and compromise which is the essential characteristic of an accomplished politician. He has definite ideas and a dogged determination to materialize them. In every one of his dictates, in every one of his acts, there is a precision that betrays his militaristic makeup. His subtleness is the shrewdness of a soldier; his diplomacy, the tactful yielding of a maneuvering general.

Germany Under Military Rule

During the elections last summer he viewed the conflict between the Nazis and Communists with an apathy typical of a meditative general. He realized that were he to interpose his authority it would only aggravate the situation. But when street brawls became too common, he felt that the time had come when definite action need be taken. Immediately he clapped on Germany a form of tyrannical militarism. In spite of the drasticity of such a decree, it would have been impossible to devise another measure equally effective under the circumstances. However, the resulting expressions of dissatisfaction by the masses bore such a menacing tone that the government seemed seriously endangered. The administration contrived to appease the situation by offering to Hitler the post of chancellor. Since this position was offered to him on condition that his policies be in conformity to the principles of the German constitution, and that he would refrain from militaristic coercion, Hitler flatly refused the office. However, although Hindenburg abandoned his tyrannical rule, he had succeeded in vividly impressing the radicals with the tremendous power at the command of the German government.

Hindenburg, like Ulysses S. Grant, is not as distinguished in the role of a president as he was in the uniform of a general. Hindenburg, however, has made a better president than Grant, because the demands of modern Germany are such as to require the guidance of a general rather than a politician. Hindenburg has had the assistance of a fervid love that the people bear for him. He is still the idol, the patriot, the hope of the German masses. Because of this intense emotion of idolatrous veneration, the people have tolerated much of his dictatorial and militaristic methods. It is these very methods, however, that were not only of value to Germany, but also of indispensable merit in the crowning glory of his presidential career. If the country were in need of a subtle diplomat, a litigious politician, then Hindenburg would have failed as miserably as Grant. But the country needed a firm ruler, a man of decided policies and action, an elevating inspiration, and these qualities of Hindenburg have caused him to be held in esteem by many of the German people.

The annals of social history are replete with epic movements that resemble the turmoil of the German crisis. Invariably the aggravation of these movements is in proportion to the slowness of relief extended. It is therefore a logical conclusion that the power of radicalism in Germany will decrease in proportion to the increase in employment and prosperity. However, if the return of normal times is delayed until radicalism is firmly rooted, then the country will undergo an evolution of titanic proportions.

Poisoning of Our Fruit Supply

JPEW people are aware of the extent to which our fruit and vegetable supply is being poisoned through the use of arsenic insecticides. Arsenic is an extremely poisonous substance which is harmful even in small amounts. In the year 1900 alone, six thousand people were poisoned by beer containing small amounts of arsenic. Last year, in California, six people were poisoned by eating mustard greens sprayed with lead arsenate. Last August a four-year-old girl died from eating sprayed fruit.

At the present time most of our fruit supply, especially that produced in the western states, and a large part of our vegetable supply are sprayed with lead arsenate to protect them against the coddling moth and other insect pests. Many fruits are sprayed several times during

By Dr. Walter Siegmeister (N. Y.)

the season, and the arsenic is absorbed both by the leaves and by the fruit. Washing fruits does not remove the arsenic they contain, not only on their surface, but also beneath.

In 1925 England threatened discontinuation of fruit imports from America, due to the contamination of the fruit with arsenic. This led the federal Food and Drug Administration in 1927 to declare that while apples intended for export should not bear a residue of more than 1/100 of a grain of arsenic trioxide per pound, apples intended for domestic consumption would be permitted to carry two and one-half times the “safe” limit of arsenic.

Investigations revealed the existence of arsenic in the following foods: peas, carrots, apples, mushrooms, pears, rice, beef, veal, mackerel, eggs, potatoes, cauliflower, spinach, white beans, cabbage, lettuce, dried peas, dried fruits. Cocoa and baking powder also contain arsenic.

Arsenic is not the only poisonous substance present in fruits and vegetables through the use of insecticides. Lead, the other constituent of lead-arsenic spray, is certainly far more dangerous, for lead is a cumulative poison which is stored within the body and becomes dangerous to the point of disaster when enough of the metal has collected. Lendrich, testing American apples, found that of forty-five samples examined not a single one was free from arsenic or lead, and there was sixty times as much lead as arsenic on some of the apples. Tests of four apples and pears purchased in New York city in August, 1932, showed appreciable amounts of lead on each apple.

If spray residue on fruits and vegetables were the only source of lead, it would not be so bad, but the body is constantly storing this cumulative poison from many sources, the most important of which is from water which has flowed through lead pipes. Speaking of the injurious effects of minute quantities of lead and arsenic, Dr. A. J. Carlson, of the Hull Physiological Laboratory of the University of Chicago, said:

Speaking as a physiologist interested in public health, I should say that the question is not how much of the poison may be ingested without producing acute or obvious chronic symptoms, but how completely can man be safeguarded against even traces of the poison. There is no question in my mind that even in less than the so-called “toxic doses” lead and arsenic have deleterious effects on cell protoplasm, effects that are expressed in lowered resistance to disease, lessened efficiency, and shortened life.

Myers and Throne found arsenic present in the bodies of all subjects tested, though they admit that it serves no physiological purpose. Arsenic was found to have an irritating effect on the involuntary nervous system, producing peripheral neuritis, nervous twitching of the eyes, and various skin diseases. After a careful search, they found arsenic to be present in potatoes, canned tomatoes, peaches, pears, grapes, lettuce, celery, tomatoes, cabbage and apples. Cocoa, candy, baking powder, some baby foods, beer, wine, and cider were also found to contain arsenic. Myers and Throne claim that arsenic is toxic even in infinitesimal amounts, and that many neurological conditions may be traced to this cause.

Yerin claims that all the marketed orchard fruits in the United States have been poisoned by sprays containing arsenic. Those known to be commonly poisoned are apples, plums, peaches, pears and grapes. Among the vegetables, the following are known to be poisoned: cabbage, lettuce, celery, endive, spinach, cucumbers, Irish potatoes, beets, and asparagus. The following foods have been found to be contaminated with arsenate of lead: peaches, pears, plums, all berries, tomatoes, Irish potatoes, asparagus, cabbage, lettuce, beets, celery, cucumbers, spinach, and radishes.

In many states the laws are such as to make it almost compulsory upon the fruit-grower and market gardener to spray whatever he would market; and in several states it is rigidly compulsory for the grower of tree fruits to spray all his products. Orchards are sprayed four or five times a year.

Yerin claims that the arsenic spray applied to the plant or tree is readily absorbed by the leaves, circulating throughout all parts of the plant, and is carried to the fruits where the plant juices concentrate. He says:

In medieval times the watering of garden vegetables ■with poison solutions was secretly and effectively practiced for the removal of undesirable opponents and enemies.

Present clinical experience covering years and thousands of cases shows that the plants do absorb sufficient of the spray poisons to bring about definite sicknesses in a wholesale degree, and oftentimes with a speedy death, and frequently followed with complications that bring about death at a later time.

The New York Evening Graphic for November 12, 1914, records a case of nine men poisoned by cider made from apples containing arsenic. Concerning this case, Dr. Yerin remarks :

The arsenate of lead found in the cider is found in varying degrees in all eiders of all fruits that have been sprayed with the arsenate of lead solution, which is the common solution used in spraying fruit trees. The writer has known many deaths caused directly by eating sprayed fruits, as well as by drinking the juices of sprayed fruits. In some instances, the eating of but one or two sprayed apples has caused deaths within an hour or two.

All sprays are in very definite degrees absorbed by all fruits upon which they are applied. Paris green dusted on potato tops at night is found in very definite amounts in the potatoes in the morning, as proved by extensive experiments.

Sprays always impair health and very frequently produce definite disease; and deaths attributed to acute indigestion are always due to eating of sprayed fruits or vegetables; besides, many deaths that are attributed to ptomaine poisoning and other causes are due to this reason.

Apples are most heavily sprayed and contain the largest amount of arsenic. The writer would therefore caution all readers against eating apples purchased in the market. The same applies to pears, peaches, plums, and apricots. Much safer than all these foods are muskmelons, which are much less likely to be sprayed. Muskmelons supply the body with the purest water, and have a decidedly alkaline reaction, far exceeding that of any fruits or berries.

The Radio Witness Work

BROOKLYN, N. Y. The latter part of November, speaking in Havana and Mexico City, over hook-ups of Spanish stations, Judge Rutherford was, on several occasions, heard at Bethel as plainly as if speaking in Brooklyn itself. Members of his staff also repeated his addresses to the Cubans and Mexicans in the Spanish tongue.

Orange, N. J. “I am a man of 40 years and have been a member of the Catholic faith all of that time. About three months ago I had a radio installed in my home. Previous to that time I could not afford to have a radio, as I am a very poor man. One day I happened to tune in and get the Watchtow^ter. One of Jehovah’s witnesses was giving a Bible lecture. I had never heard the Word of God explained like that before. ‘Surely,’ I said to myself, ‘those people know the Word of God.’ Since that time I have heard your voice, and never before have I heard God’s Word of truth explained as you have explained it. Any intelligent person who hears your voice cannot help but be convinced. Surely you are not asking anyone to believe in any man-made doctrines. If the Bible is God’s holy Word, why should people be asked to believe anything different, such as the immortality of the soul, the trinity, hell torment and purgatory ? Those certainly are contrary to Scripture. I don’t profess to be a Bible scholar, and have very little education, but I do know the truth when I hear it. I have read your book Deliverance. In that you have shown up the hypocrisy of the clergy. They indeed have become worldly. Jehovah’s witnesses are the only people in the world today who are telling the truth to the people.

“I am continually being persecuted by my wife for listening in on your Watchtower programs. I have four children. All are going to the parochial high school. They are familiar with the precepts of the church, but are absolutely ignorant of the Bible. They, too, are opposed to me. It is a fact that anybody who dares tell the truth to the people will be persecuted on the earth. With the aid of your books I intend to learn more about God’s Word, and if it is ever possible I would be glad to meet you in person. I never knew a man who is so fearless as you are in telling the truth to the people.” J. F.

Indianapolis, Ind. ‘'Reading your address in The Golden Age of July 2G, 1932, I want to say I wish we had more people in the United States that have the nerve to speak the truth to the American government and public like yourself. Will you kindly send me a copy of the next issue? I am one of the many millions that are out of employment. I am only twenty-five years old, broken down from many operations, and, having no home, had to come to a county home as a last resort.” W. H. W.

Kingston, B. W. I. “I have realized the seriousness of the times and have taken my stand on Jehovah's side. I attend the lectures and pass the messages I have received to hungry souls, who are very glad to hear the glad tidings of ‘deliverance’. The ministers here fail to tell their flocks the Scriptural meaning of the distress of nations. All they say is, “Trust the Lord for better times,” and oppress the people more for money. Several of them try to oppose their flocks’ reading your books. Since Mr. George Young gave a very interesting lecture, they are annoyed. His message stung several of them, also the principal of their flock. ‘Big Business’ say that things will continue as they were.

“Jehovah’s witnesses here are very earnest. They go about the city distributing books, as well as the country parts, sometimes meeting with great opposition.

“Several persons who do not profess anything ask my opinion as to what is the meaning of these ‘hard times’. I told them that Satan is the cause, for he uses ‘big business’ to stow away the money and use labor-saving machinery, oppress the poor and rob them of their wages. The ministers here are now appealing to their starving flock to give God (themselves) the widow’s mite. They have, never spoken one word about Paul’s laboring with his own hands to feed the poor saints. I think this is a wonderful subject for you to tackle, whenever Jehovah wills.

“I had been a ‘prisoner in the prison house’ for a long time, but the Lord in His own mysterious way started to open my eyes, by pointing out the hypocritical actions and oppressions of these hirelings. I remained at home for three years, and since last year I received the glad tidings joyfully. I am present every Friday night to hear the wonderful news, also Sunday, unless prevented by sickness or rain. Am satisfied and am now rejoicing and experiencing His goodness to me every day. Every night I ask Him to protect His organization against Satan, also to reveal more light to you and protect you, His mouthpiece. I subscribe for The Watchtower, also.” E. L. H.

Cleveland, Ohio. “I am 40 years of age, Bohemian, 22 years in this country. Earning my living by cooking in private families, and what I have seen in the wealthy homes is not fit for print. The so-called ‘society’ openly deny God. When the radio station announces the Watchtower, they will shut it off or switch to some other station. The real Christian has no chance whatever. The society clubs consisting of the ladies belonging to the social register and blue book 400 usually gather at meetings, and anything that does not suit them, or anyone who crosses their path or who is not to their liking—well, it is too bad for that one. I will give you a sample. During the prosperity Mrs. J----S----called a meeting to

gether and made a speech as follows: ‘My dear ladies: We have come to such a tune that we cannot tell our own beautiful daughters from the dirty scrubs that work in our kitchens. They arc dressed just as good as our daughters. Now something’s got to be done.’ This was at the Cleveland Hotel Statler. I got it from a friend of the girl who waited on the so-called ‘ladies’ that day of the speech. It was a luncheon. The strong end of the speech was: ‘They’ve got to be put in their places,’ meaning the servants. Everything they cook up in these clubs their husbands usually agree to. For they have no more spunk to say No than Adam had.” A. F.

Bellevue, Ohio. “I want to thank you for your kindness in mailing at my request the sample copies of The Golden Age containing your lecture of June 26. I only wish I had a radio of my own. I would get every talk possible that would come from you. I try to induce people to tune in on your lectures, as I know you sure know how to tell them what they need. May God protect you in your fearlessness in telling the people what is what, and what should be and what not.” M. A. B.

Bloomfield, N. J. “Every one of your books is in our home and we have regular calls from one of [Jehovah’s witnesses] as soon as a new message comes from press, and we welcome the message with great pleasure. We also enjoy your radio lectures and tell our friends of them. I have been able to talk WBBR to my mother, who is in the Odd Fellows Home at Trenton, and she informs me that your station is now tuned in every Sunday morning, and she writes me a number of the old folks have become greatly interested and have asked her about the books. I have just mailed a dozen or more pamphlets and will see that they get an entire set of books after the pamphlets wake them up.

“I am a veteran of the Spanish and World wars and am well cured of war. I know better now. After my return from France I had little belief in anything, but about ten years ago I heard WBBR on the radio and learned the truth. Prior to then I looked with fear on the prediction of the end of the world. Since listening to your message I know what the promise of the Kingdom means and would now welcome the end of the world, which means the end of Satan’s rule. Our best wishes to you and your coworkers, that you may have the health and strength to continue to bring comfort and enlightenment to the people who are now suffering from Satan’s dying efforts to lead them away from God.” R. S.

Birdshot

Trade with Canada

EXPORTS to Canada in 1932 were only one-third what they were in 1921; while imports in 1932 from the country to the north of us were only 40 percent of what they were in 1921.

European Conferences 100% Failures

John Moody, head of the Financial Rating Firm, is on record as saying that he lias carefully followed all the conferences which have succeeded the World War, and that they are 100-percent failures.

Nome to Patagonia by Air

WITH the exception of a short hop across British territory, Pan-American Airways now has an all-air line from Nome, Alaska, to Patagonia, having recently purchased the air lines in Alaska.

Burlington Gave Away a Branch Line

THE Burlington road has given away a 185-mile branch which it could not operate profitably, and a Denver lawyer will operate it with light automobiles instead of engines and cars. He hopes to make it pay.

White Rhino Can’t Be Caught

THE white rhinoceros is the only animal that, threatened with captivity, will commit suicide, rather than be taken prisoner. At first sight of a human the rhino will charge, and will keep on charging at the nearest things within range until it has killed itself.

No Germs at Nova Zembla

ABOUT 100 people make their homes on the island of Nova Zembla, in the Arctic ocean north of Russia. In this climate fresh meat may be left in the open air for eight months without showing the slightest trace of putrefaction, from October to May inclusive.

Roseville’s New Tax Rate

FROM the Roseville (Calif.) Tribune and

Register we quote:

Roseville’s new tax rate is now the lowest in the history of the city, and is probably the lowest of any city in the state. All of which may be credited to the handsome profits shown every year by the city-owned electric light and power system. In order to make possible the new low rate, $32,500 will be transferred from the electric light fund to aid in financing other departments of the city.

Barter Between Germany and Egypt

GERMAN cotton importers have carried through a deal with the Egyptian government by which $2,000,000 worth of German fertilizers have been exchanged for Egyptian cotton. It is expected that this trade will lead to further barters.

Value of a Kiss

IN SALINAS, California, a young garbage collector, 32 years of age, stole a kiss from a girl of 19 and has been sentenced to prison from one to fourteen years. It was a real offense, but it seems like a savage sentence. And California judges are like that. Look at Mooney.

Syracuse’s Humane Mayor

Mayor Rolland B. Marvin, of Syracuse, N. Y., has decided that unemployed and financially harassed property owners of that city will be permitted to work out their unpaid taxes on city projects. It is believed that thereby some hundreds of families may be spared the colossal disaster of losing their homes.

Emigrating from the United States

DURING the fiscal year ending June 30,1932, the alien emigration from the United States exceeded the alien immigration to this country by 67,719. This is the first time in the history of the United States that such a thing has happened. Only 35,576 permanent immigrants were admitted during the year, o      V

New York Central Stock

ON AUGUST 30, 1929, New York Central stock sold on the New York Stock Exchange for 256y₂, and on June 2, 1932, it went at 8%. In other words, more than 96 percent of tie higher “value” vanished into thin air. Many other railroad and other stocks are almost as hard hit.

A Homeless, Nameless, Penniless, Jobless Man

IN DETROIT a poor Italian, homeless, penniless and jobless, found a purse containing $3 and walked eight miles on tired feet and with an empty stomach so that he might return it to its owner, also poor and needy. We let this man stay nameless, but so long as there are men in this world that will do a thing like that it heartens every lover of God’s kingdom, the hope of the world.

Not a Dissenting Vote in Mexico pelled from the country there w^Tas not a dissenting vote. Though Archbishop Flores was born in Mexico, he was expelled on the ground that he had forfeited his citizenship by representing a foreign power.

Twelve States Disfranchise Poverty

IN THE states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida,

Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia, citizens, no matter what their other qualifications may be, cannot vote unless they can meet certain property requirements. In Maine any person who receives public relief forfeits his vote.

Big Banks Not Suffering

THE twenty largest banks and trust companies of New York made nearly $70,000,000 net profits in the first six months of 1932. Seven of the twenty banks are making more profits in 1932 than they did in 1931. Having control of the sinews of credit they are able to buy at bargain prices anything that has in it the possibilities of making money.

Reformed Church All in One Day

AT ITS general synod, at Asbury Park, the

Reformed church, all in one day, voted No on a resolution that conscientious objectors should be granted American citizenship, and then urged that the church back the disarmament conference “with all the passionate zeal that goes with heroic adventure”. If you can beat that for hypocrisy and inconsistency, you will have to go some.

Alas Poor Ananias!

SOME months ago a beer line half a mile long was discovered in Pittston, Pa. The beer was made in one place and bottled in another. Now elaborate beer pipe lines have been found built inside an eighteen-inch sewer in Lancaster, Pa., and in a new system being constructed there. The odd thing about it is that nobody seems to know where the pipes start or where they end, and the contractor who is building the new sewer denies all knowledge of the new pipe line already built into the sections he has finished.

its railway mileage. Use of locomotives has dropped from 65,000 to 55,000, but the power of each locomotive has increased 20 percent. Passenger cars have fallen off from 55,040 to 51,750, freight cars from 2,348,000 to 2,200,000. But since 1911 the capacity of freight cars has increased 32 percent. Passengers carried last year were only half those carried in 1920.

Recovering the Egypt’s Treasures

NOT only is the Italian ship Artiglio II raising the gold bullion from the Egypt at the greatest depths at which divers have ever successfully worked (some 400 feet), but in order to get at the bullion it has been necessary to cut through the steel deckplates for six decks below the bridge, and then cut through the walls of the bullion room itself, in itself a veritable fortress. About $1,000,000 of the $5,000,000 aboard the ship has already been recovered.

Too Many Priests in Vera Cruz

A YEAR ago the Mexican state of Vera Cruz passed a law limiting the number of priests in the state to one for each 100,000 people. Finding that this number is more than can be profitably employed for the good of the people, a new law has just been passed declaring that all priests have lost their citizenship and asking the government to put to useful social and educational purposes the buildings, the prop-perty of the government, heretofore used by the priests for their peculiar line of business.

Bergenfield Persecutors Rebuked

THE so-called “authorities” that have made such an exhibition of themselves at Bergenfield, N. J., by attempting to prevent the spread of the truth in that locality have been rebuked by the Supreme Court of the state of New Jersey. Justice Charles W. Parker ruled that the law which was invoked to deprive Christian men and women of their just rights and liberties was in reality made against tramps. He criticized the lower court’s interpretation, saying: “If the reading suggested is adopted, any citizen taking a walk in the park or the street and declining to submit to interrogation by an inquisitive policeman is liable to prosecution as a disorderly person.”

Public Ownership in Hamilton, Ohio

THE Kentucky Post says: “Since Hamilton built its city-owned plant, four years ago, a clear profit of $1,023,297 has been made. As income pays for the building of the plant and provides a fund for replacement, surplus can be absorbed by lowering the rates consumers have to pay for their electricity. The Hamilton electric power plant today is a shining example of successful and profitable public operation of a public utility.”

"What He Is I Am"

CW. Corley, author of “Kerley’s Kolumn”, • in the Athens (Texas) Daily Revieiv, says in his letter of May 23: “The most sensible talk that I have heard is the talk made by Dr. J. F. Rutherford. I don’t know what he calls himself. If he is a Methodist, I am; if he is a Baptist, I am. It makes no difference what he calls himself; that is just what I am, or that is just what I would like to be. We need more men like Dr. Rutherford.”

Bishop Noll and the Depression

John F. Noll, D.D., bishop of the Fort Wayne diocese of the Roman Catholic church, is almost certain that the depression “may be an act of Providence”, but we are certain it is not. It is all a part of “the beginning of sorrows”, the great time of trouble inaugurated in the earth when Satan was cast out of heaven. The thing that will end it is an act of Providence, and no mistake, for God Almighty will soon end earth’s troubles at Armageddon by putting an end to the trouble-makers themselves, including the biggest trouble-maker of all, Satan the Devil.

Why Wheat Is Low

THE principal industrial nations of the world are the United States (the eastern part), Scotland, England, France, Spain (northern), Italy (northern), Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Norway (southern), and Sweden (southern). Into these lands must go all the surplus wheat of the world, but they now have protective tariffs and are trying to raise as much of their own food as is possible. Meantime, wheat production has greatly increased in all other parts of the world, and as a result a vast wheat surplus is piling up which cannot be marketed. The effort to dispose of this surplus at any price is what has depressed the world’s wheat market.

Air Mails at Chicago

SIXTY percent of all the nation’s air mail is handled at the post office at the Chicago Municipal Airport, now considered the busiest airport in the world. From Chicago by air it is 2y₂ hours to Detroit, 2% hours to Cleveland, 3¹/) hours to Minneapolis, 4 hours to Kansas City, 4(o hours to Omaha, 4% hours to Buffalo, 6¹/₂ hours to New York, 9 hours to Dallas, 11)4 hours to Denver, 15)4 hours to Salt Lake City, 22 hours to Los Angeles and San Francisco, and 25 hours to Portland and Seattle.

Daniel Willard Agrees

ANSWERING the question, “Can the American government endure?” Judge Rutherford said No, and gave the reasons why it could not and will not. A few weeks later Daniel Willard, president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, said: “No government can endure with 10,000,000 to 12,000,000 of its citizens out of employment, with no money to take care of themselves and their families.” And we merely add that that is the number now estimated to be out of work in the United States.

Sixty-one Weeks of Hiccoughing

Mrs. Ed. Price, Russellville, Arkansas, is recovering after sixty-one w’eeks of almost constant hiccoughing. In the interval she has been under the care of twelve physicians, lost seventy pounds in weight, and became paralyzed on one side. The doctors gave her 1,500 hypodermics, spinal punctures and intravenous shots, all to no effect. She was expected to die, when a chiropractor began treating her. She is now slowly improving; the paralysis is leaving, she sleeps soundly, and expects a full recovery.

Chicago World’s Fair Coming Along

THE buildings and grounds of the international exposition, to be held at Chicago in 1933, are now a busy place. In the month of October 97,481 persons paid the admission fee of 10c which one must have to enter the grounds while the work of construction is under way. From June 1 to November 1 the paid admissions were over 550,000. One of the transportation exhibits at the World’s Fair will be the “Louis McLane” stage coach which operated between the Missouri river and Salt Lake City in 1855, only five years after the first stage coach line to Salt Lake City was established.

New Hampshire Discussing Burial Rights miLTON, N. H., is discussing the question of the right of the head of a destitute family to bury a dead child on his own property, without embalming the body. Alost certainly, in these desperate times, something must be done to reduce the cost of burials for the poor. In the Bahamas, when there is a death, the bereaved family suffers no burial expense. The village burial association takes full charge of the interment, providing the plain coffin and digging the grave.

Work for a Thousand Men

TN PITTSBURGH or vicinity recently newspaper reports had it that in a given plant one thousand men would be put to work. What actually happened was that for forty consecutive days twenty-five different men were given one day of work apiece. We regret that the exact location of the plant was not ascertained at the time the item was mentioned, but as it was narrated by more than one person it may have been true. If so, what a shameful thing! Would appreciate the facts on this item.

Mr. Dawes and the Needy

rpHIS winter, when the 11,000,000 persons that are out of work, and their families, are rejoicing in the total sum of $350,000,000 set aside by the government for their relief, they can also rejoice in the generous loan of $80,000,000 to Air. Dawes’ bank in Chicago, but they will probably wonder, some of them, just why it is that Air. Dawes seems, to some people who have government money to distribute, of about as much importance as one-fourth of all the vast multitude that will be in need this winter.

Kept Chicken Overnight in Aluminum

TN GALENA, Mo., in the family of Richard * Crabtree, some chicken was kept overnight in an aluminum pan. Two of Air. Crabtree’s children, a boy of one and another boy of four years of age, died, and were buried in the same grave. Of course the authorities are investigating, and of course they 'do not know what caused the death of these children’, but every reader of The Golden Age knows, and doesn’t it seem just too bad that these murders should be allowed to go on, all because those who should have the interests of the people at heart are afraid of the aluminum trust ?

McFadden Recommends the Federal Reserve

Congressman Louis T. AIcFadden, of Pennsylvania, gives the Federal Reserve system the following recommendation. He says: “The depredations and iniquities of the Federal Reserve banks have cost this country enough money to pay the national debt several times over. This evil institution has impoverished and ruined the people, has bankrupted itself and has practically bankrupted the government. It has done this through evasions of the law which officials countenanced and condoned, and through the corrupt practices of the moneyed vultures who control it.” Seems as if he had not left much out.

Culkin and Merrill in Wrong

POLITICS is a dirty business at best, but we cannot imagine what has brought so low Francis D. Culkin (for Congress) and Melvin Alerrill (for sheriff) in Jefferson county, New York. These men have had the humiliation of being recommended by thirty-nine ministers of Jefferson county, in a political advertisement which gives the names of the ministers. In going from door to door with Judge Rutherford’s books, our experience with ministers is that they are the least civil, the least generous, the least kind, and the most uncivil, most rude and most unkind persons we meet. We cannot help but feel sorry for Culkin and Alerrill, if they are fairly decent men, that their good names should have been thus dragged in the dust. But that is what they get for being in politics.

Pennsylvania Public Service Commission WD. B. Ainey, of the Pennsylvania Public

• Service Commission, in a period of five years, in which his salary was $10,500 a year, banked more than $185,000. The man who preceded him on the Commission, Air. Benn, deposited $650,000 in Philadelphia banks in a time in which his total salary was only $100,000. In view of all this, who shall say that the Pennsylvania Public Service Commission is not a good thing? Not for the people; oh no, we don’t mean that; but for men like Ainey and Benn. The Pittsburgh Utilities and Philadelphia Rapid Transit were very kind to Air. Ainey and Mr. Benn. And it makes you love these Public Utilities, when you see how lovely they can be to the hard-worked servants of the people, and how eager they are to help in little ways as Mr. Benn was helped.

Need of Better Homes and Better People

r. Edith Elmer Wood, housing expert, declares that one-third of America’s families live in 9,000,000 homes that are unfit for human habitation and cost in crime, sickness and premature death a toll of fifteen billion dollars a year. A Federal judge claims that the annual bill for crime in the United States is thirteen billion dollars. Of course we cannot charge all the crimes in the country to those that live in poor homes, for the very greatest criminals are the great financiers that make the poor homes necessary, but there is no doubt that poor homes do encourage crime.

Bethlehem Steel’s Comical Joke

APPARENTLY not referring to the millions distributed in bonus to himself and others, E. G. Grace, president of the Bethlehem Steel Company, in a printed message to his employees on the advisability of lower taxes, makes this comical statement: ‘We have a right to expect public officials to be as conscientious, efficient and economical in administering governmental affairs as our stockholders expect us to be in administering the affairs of our corporation.” The stenographer who wrote that must have had to turn her head to keep from laughing in the face of the man who dictated it.

“Z Believe He Will Come”

OT realizing that he was voicing the world's need for the Messiah, now actually here and setting up His kingdom, a writer in the New York Times says:

We are fed up with greed, dishonesty, get-rich-quiek schemes, bankers with no sense of responsibility, business efficiency as a national ideal, pussyfooting, dodging issues like prohibition, members of Congress with their ears to the ground instead of their eyes on the nation’s welfare and all the rest of what we have been getting. When an honest man, with a vision and a man’s courage, swings into our ken, a mighty shout will go up for him from all parts of the nation, but no politician seems to realize it. He may not be right in all his ideas, any more than Bryan was, but, if he will stand firmly on his own feet, s:iy what he thinks, denounce all the self-seeking and falsity and dodging and meanness and cowardice, he need not be afraid of lacking votes. He will get them by the million. One of these days, in spite of everything, I believe he will come.

It is our duty to say to this man that no such man as he looks for will ever come. No human leader will ever bring order out of this chaos. But Christ will do it, and He only, and it is He, and none other, that “will come”.

Shrinkage in Ten Stocks

IN THE year 1929, on a certain day in

July, the average of prices of ten leading stocks on the Stock Exchange was $199.45 per share. On May 13, 1932, the average of prices of the same ten stocks was $9.55 per share, or about 4.8 percent. The names of the companies are New York Central Railroad Co., American Machine and Foundry, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., J. I. Case Threshing Machine, United Aircraft Corporation, Radio Corporation of America, TransAmerica Corporation, Anaconda Copper and Smelting, Goodrich Rubber, and International Telephone & Telegraph Company.

Some of the Recent Losses

SOME of the recent losses in the United States are set forth as follows:

Bursting of stock market bubble ............ $35,000,000,000

Shrinkage in farm land values ..........   22,000,000,000

Diminution in buying power (annual) 10,000,000,000 Shrinkage in farm crop values ..........  3,965,000,000

Deficit....................................................................................... 3,788,000,000

Increase in public debt .................................... 3,302,000,000

Decrease in exports ............................................... 2,817,000,000

Decrease in national income .................   1,911,000,000

Liabilities, commercial failures ...................  1,887,000,000

Increase in national expenditures ........... 1,274,000,000

Liabilities, national bank failures .................. 750,000,000

Total .................   $86,694,000,000

Chicago’s New Post Office

IIICAGO'S new post office, one of the greatest buildings in the world, has been purposely built without any space for a boiler or power plant. By purchasing the current at the schedule rates, instead of making its own current, the government will lose from $80,000 to $115,000 a year, and by purchasing steam, instead of having its own heating plant, there will be an additional loss of $110,000 to $120,000 a year. It is estimated that a power and heating installation for the building would cost not to exceed $650,000, and the savings in operation would pay for the plant in less than three and a half years. But look at all the chance for graft that would be lost.

The Creator’s Kingdom

JEHOVAH created all things for the praise of His own name. (Rev. 4:11) Had all creatures remained in harmony with Jehovah the purpose of His works would be realized even now by praises to the Most High. Due to the fact of rebellion, however, the enemy has turned many creatures away from the Great Benefactor and the objective of creation has been hid and grossly misunderstood. A time must come when all who desire shall know and love Jehovah, His name will be vindicated, and the objective of creation will be realized by the unending songs of praise to the Creator. That objective could not be realized under the unrighteous reign of the enemy, but awaits the vindication of Jehovah’s name in His righteous kingdom.

Knowing the purpose of His works and the intimate relationship of the kingdom of God to the accomplishment of that purpose, Jehovah caused the psalmist to write, “All thy works shall praise thee, 0 Lord; and thy saints shall bless thee. They shall speak of the glory of thy kingdom, and talk of thy power; to make known to the sons of men his mighty acts, and the glorious majesty of his kingdom. Thy kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and thy dominion en-dureth throughout all generations.” (Ps. 145: 10-13) Millions of creatures have not known Jehovah heretofore, and it has been impossible for such creatures to worship the true God. When the creature comes to a realization of who Jehovah is and of his relationship to his Benefactor, at that time, and not before, does he become wise. No creature can be wise who does not know the purpose of existence; he is wise, indeed, who bends all his powers to the praise of Jehovah.

We can now understand why there is so much discontent, disappointment and sorrow in the world today; and, furthermore, we can now understand why even some who vowed to do God’s will, becoming restless, have been turned aside by the wily enemy and forsake the path of righteousness. These conditions are caused either by not realizing the purpose of creation or because, having once learned the real work to be done, many have been led by the enemy into side lanes and the doing of those things which are foreign to the real work that God would have His people do at this time. There may be many apparently worthwhile enterprises in the world, a show of public benefit may allure many to take a slight departure from the right course, or the temporary gratification of personal pleasures may draw one into the paths of temptation. One cannot pursue a course pleasing to the Lord and chase the butterflies of one’s own fancy. The question is not what may temporarily please creatures or even benefit them. The real issue is, What is pleasing to the Lord? He who understands and appreciates the Creator’s purpose must also persist in following a course consistent therewith.

If one realizes the purpose of all creation to be to praise and magnify the great God and persists in following a course consistent therewith he cannot go wrong. It is what Jehovah wishes done, not what we wish done, that is the all-important thing. Right in this connection, while considering the proper thing to be done we cannot let even our good intentions be a safe guide in a course of action. Undoubtedly the path to destruction is paved with the glittering stones of good intentions. You will recall how Uzza put forth his hand to hold the ark when the oxen stumbled. Uzza’s intentions so far as he wished to keep the ark on the cart may have been good, but he was disobeying the command of the Lord because he was not a Levite. (1 Chron. 13:9,10; 15:2) On account of his disobedience the Lord smote him to death. The Kingdom work now demands that we obey the Lord’s commandments, and only as we do His bidding are we doing those things that are praiseworthy.

Of course there is much suffering in the world today because the people do not realize the purpose of all creation. The temporary spurt of selfish activity only leads to disappointment when one discovers that his hopes are blasted and his efforts have been in vain. The real reason for so much discontent is that man is not doing what he was created to do. It is only as one knows and zealously does the things for which he was designed that he can be truly happy. What would the Lord have me do? How can I praise and honor my Maker? These are questions of paramount importance.

At this time there are numerous creatures on earth, also there are creatures invisible to man, who do not appreciate that Jehovah is the true God; and without faith and love for the great Creator it is impossible either to please Him or to serve Him. We see, therefore, the great necessity for the vindication of the name of Je-

hovah at the outset of the Kingdom arrangement. Those who love the Lord earnestly desire that His name be vindicated. The vindication of Jehovah’s name comes at a time of judgment and the manifestation of the great power of the Almighty. When the people of earth appreciate the righteous judgments of the Lord and learn of His goodness, then they will praise Him forever. In Isaiah 26:8,9 we read, “Yea, in the way of thy judgments, 0 Lord, have we waited for thee; the desire of our soul is to thy name, and to the remembrance of thee. With my soul have I desired thee in the night; yea, with my spirit within me will I seek thee early: for when thy judgments are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness.”

There are numerous creatures visible and invisible who have rebelled against the Most High. These enemies must be put to death in the early part of the Kingdom in order that God’s judgments may be accomplished and in order that the obedient creatures may be untrammeled in their service and praise of Jehovah. This is accomplished at a time when the name of Jehovah is brought to the fore. Speaking words of encouragement and assurance the witnesses of Jehovah now on earth say, “Through thee will we push down our enemies; through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us. For I will not trust in my bow, neither shall my sword save me. But thou hast saved us from our enemies, and hast put them to shame that hated us. In God we boast all the day long, and praise thy name for ever.” (Ps. 44: 5-8) Those who have already felt and appreciated the power of God in their behalf realize the weakness of the arm of flesh. They praise God for His goodness, and this they do because it is right that they should worship the Lord and do Him homage in grateful recognition of His many favors.

The Creator is the source of all power, and He will abundantly manifest that power in the coming battle of Armageddon in vindication of His name. His wondrous works at that time will cause all to tremble, and those who love Him will give Him thanks because of His judgments and the righteous execution thereof. “Unto thee, 0 God, do we give thanks, unto thee do we give thanks: for that thy name is near, thy wondrous works declare. The earth and all the inhabitants thereof are dissolved.” (Ps. 75:1,3) The righteous do not fear the coming wrath against the Devil’s organization, but rather pray for it. When the present unrighteous organization is dissolved, a new and righteous kingdom will have sway in all the earth; the creatures will come to a recognition of things as they should be, and the hearts and hands of all the obedient will rejoice in the works of their Maker.

In this time of trouble and uncertainty that is upon all nations of the earth the best thing for all to do is to call upon the name of the Lord; He is the only one on whom to rely and His organization will provide protection in this time of distress. As Jehovah manifests His power and His strange act in vindication of His name, the people of the nations who will survive (and there are millions of people of good will toward Jehovah’s witnesses) will worship before the true God and glorify His name. This, indeed, will be a time of great joy among all creatures and will make the heart of Jehovah glad. There will be a new start in earth’s affairs, a new day in which the human family will prosper in those things which are pleasing to the Lord, and the creatures will realize the purpose of existence in the everlasting praises of Jehovah. “Give ear, 0 Lord, unto my prayer; and attend to the voice of my supplications. In the day of my trouble I will call upon thee: for thou wilt answer me. Among the gods there is none like unto thee, 0 Lord; neither are there any works like unto thy works. All nations whom thou hast made shall come and worship before thee, 0 Lord; and shall glorify thy name. For thou art great, and doest wondrous things: thou art God alone.”—Ps. 86: 6-10.

Having noted a number of scriptures which clearly point out to us that Jehovah’s name will be vindicated at the very outset of the new kingdom, we can now appreciate the fact that v.hen the people know the Most High they will praise Him by their words and actions. When He has put down the enemy by His field marshal, Christ Jesus, and manifested His indisputable supremacy the people will praise His greatness and majesty. So impressive will be the display of His power and His mighty acts in the battle at Armageddon that these will never be forgotten; one generation (Jehovah’s witnesses) shall tell the memories of Jehovah’s acts to the other generation (God’s faithful prophets and witnesses before Christ) who will be awakened from the graves. “Great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised; and his greatness is unsearchable. One generation shall praise thy works to another, and shall declare thy mighty acts. I will speak of the glorious honour of thy majesty, and of thy wmndrous works. And men shall speak of the might of thy terrible acts: and I will declare thy greatness. They shall abundantly utter the memory of thy great goodness, and shall sing of thy righteousness.” (Ps. 145:3-7) The people will be overjoyed in the goodness and blessing of Jehovah, because He will treat them in a manner different from what they have experienced under the hand of the cruel enemy. The joy which the people will have in their hearts will overflow in the praises which will ever be upon their lips to the honor of the Most High.

After man was created and placed in the garden of Eden the law was given to him, the keeping of which would have insured the favor of God and His blessing. On account of disobedience the people have been overreached by the enemy and have been blinded as to what the law of God really is. In the Kingdom this veil which has been cast over all nations will be lifted, and the people will see what is pleasing to God and will do it. As the inhabitants sing the praises of God they will receive of His blessing and be given bouyant health, and the righteous Nation will secure their welfare. “That thy way may be known upon earth, thy saving health among all nations. Let the people praise thee, 0 God; let all the people praise thee. 0 let the nations be glad, and sing for joy; for thou shalt judge the people righteously, and govern the nations upon earth.”—Ps. 67: 2-4.

Jehovah has made the earth for man, and has so constructed the materials thereof to supply the common necessities to sustain human life. During the reign of evil selfish men have obtained possession of the mines and oil wells of the earth, and have exploited the people with these necessities of life. The wheat, corn and other grains have passed from producer to consumer by way of restrictive tariffs to support the idle rich. The giant skyscrapers in our large cities and which represent the hard-earned dollars of millions of people have really been reared upon the backs of the laboring masses. The ponderous systems of governments with their many useless bureaus, politicians and grafters have really been playing into the hands of the privileged few and have resulted in the undoing of the people. Things will be reversed under the kingdom of the Creator. At that time the earth will yield abundantly and the hand of the profiteer will be thwarted. The people will rejoice in the provisions of their Benefactor. “Let the people praise thee, 0 God; let all the people praise thee. Then shall the earth yield her increase; and God, even our own God, shall bless us. God shall bless us; and all the ends of the earth shall fear him.”—Ps. 67: 5-7.

It is the purpose of Jehovah that all His works should praise Him. This includes both animate and inanimate works of His creation. Undoubtedly, as one appreciates the wonders of creation with the wisdom which the Lord has provided, such objects will arouse admiration for the Creator. Heretofore, under the reign of Satan, the people have been kept from an understanding of the truth, and also from appreciating the fact that the wonderful things by w’hich we are surrounded in the heavens and here on earth are products of the Almighty. It has been the object of Satan to keep the people away from Jehovah. However, inasmuch as it is the purpose of God that all His works shall reflect glory and praise to Him, a time must come w hen the people will know Jehovah and appreciate His works. There is, therefore, much to learn in the wonders of creation which science falsely so called either has not disclosed or has so tw’isted as to give an entirely wrong impression of the Creator.

Studying the glory of the heavens and the laws by which the stars and planets are held together and interlace with such precision and regularity, one is astounded at the wisdom and power of the Creator. One will also marvel at how the Creator uses the mighty deep, fire, hail, snow⁷, vapor and the stormy wind to fulfil] His word. These things Jehovah makes and uses in a manner strange and perplexing to man. They do not function by mere chance, but will certainly be used marvelously to accomplish the w’ill of their Maker and Governor. The whole of the 148th Psalm gives us a picture of the marvels of creation doing honor to Jehovah, who made the heavens and the earth.

“Praise ye Jehovah. Praise ye Jehovah from the heavens: praise him in the heights. Praise ye him, all his angels: praise ye him, all his hosts. Praise ye him, sun and moon: praise him, all ye stars of light. Praise him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that be above the heavens. Let them praise the name of Jehovah: for he commanded, and they were created. He hath also established them for ever and ever: he hath made a decree which shall not pass. Praise Jehovah from the earth, ye dragons, and all deeps: fire, and hail; snow, and vapours; stormy wind fulfilling his word: mountains, and all hills; fruitful trees, and all cedars: beasts, and all cattle; creeping things, and flying fowl: kings of the earth, and all people; princes, and all judges of the earth: both young men, and maidens; old men, and children: let them praise the name of Jehovah: for his name alone is excellent ; his glory is above the earth and heaven. He also exalteth the horn of his people, the praise of all his saints, even of the children of Israel, a people near unto him. Praise ye Jehovah.”

Cows Are the Happiest

IN A SERMON on happiness the Rev. Dr. William J. Thompson of Drew University, dedicating the new Methodist Episcopal Metropolitan Temple, at Seventh avenue and Thirteenth street, said that it is a duty to be happy and that unhappiness is a sin. And then he raised the question whether the 23,000,000 cows in the United States are not more happy than the same number of people; and we have to say that they are, because they don’t have to listen to a lot of sermons on happiness that are pure bunk from beginning to end. Happiness in the Lord does not mean happiness in the flesh; often it means the very reverse. But why try to tell that to the cows?

Huge Bridges at San Francisco

NOT only docs San Francisco plan to span the Golden Gate by a bridge which will be one of the wonders of the world, but it is also expecting to run a bridge straight across San Francisco Bay to Oakland. These enterprises, which will cost some $75,000,000, will employ approximately 6,000 men for three and a half years.

'Su 'linn Ifee a (Caknibar?

The Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society prints a calendar each year for the benefit of those people interested in the distribution of the message of the Kingdom. Throughout the year, certain periods of time are set aside for special witness purposes. These periods are known as “Testimony Periods” and are designated on the Society’s calendar. Many people of good will, keenly interested in the work of Jehovah’s witnesses, like to engage in distributing some books and booklets during these periods, knowing that they have a part in this most wonderful work of vindicating God’s name in the earth.

The calendar contains a very interesting picture which speaks volumes and is a study in itself.

These calendars are now ready for shipment and can be had at 25c each; if five or more copies are mailed to one address, they can be had at 20c each. A limited supply is made each year, as it is a calendar specially designed for Jehovah’s witnesses.

There are two things you should have by now:

• i. A 1933 YEARBOOK

• 2. PRESERVATION

• 1. The Year Book is of the greatest value to one who desires to keep in touch with the activities of Jehovah’s witnesses. The work accomplished in the earth during the year 1932 is astounding. On this page in the previous issue we asked the readers to guess how many pieces of literature carrying to the peoples of earth the message of the Kingdom were distributed in one year. Many have received their answer by obtaining the Year Book. We take pleasure in telling you now that 22,213,639 copies of Judge Rutherford’s writings were distributed in 12 months. Now, wouldn’t you like to know where these 22 million, and then some, pieces of literature were distributed, and how, and under what conditions ? The Year Book will tell you this in the most interesting manner.

• 2. The other book, if you haven’t already read it, is Preservation. The edition autographed by J. F. Rutherford, and containing a letter by him, has been ready for some time. There are still a few copies left. If you have not read the interesting presentation, by Judge Rutherford, of the two dramas in the Bible, the one of Esther and the other of Ruth, you still have many delightful hours ahead of you.

If you have both of these publications you might mention them to your friends; if you have but one of them, get the other right away; and if you haven’t either of them, you have overlooked or neglected something.

WATCH TOWER BIBLE & TRACT SOCIETY

The Watch Tower

117 Adams St.

Brooklyn, N. Y.

Kindly send to the address below, postage prepaid, ........copies of the 1933 Year Book (50c per copy) ........copies of Preservation, Autographed Edition (50c per copy)

Enclosed find money order for........

Name ........................................................

Street ........................................................

City and State................................................

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