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zke Golden Age
A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE
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in this issue
LATIN AMERICA
LABOR ECONOMICS POLITICAL FINANCIAL
EDUCATIONAL SCIENCE SOCIAL HEALTH AND OTHER NOTES
WORLD DIGS FOR WATER TO DRINK
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every other
WEDNESDAY
five cents a copy one dollar a year Canada & Foreign 1.25
Vol. XV - No. 368
October 25, 1933
CONTENTS
LABOR AND ECONOMICS
Muscle Slioals at Work for People . 47 Public Utilities in the West ... 47 Percentages of Workers Unemploye 1 .’>2 Objections to Sales Tax.....52
SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL
New York City’s Huge Relief Bill . 49 87% More Prisoners in 9 Years . . 50
FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORT!’! iU.N
Bremerton Jias No Railroads . . . 4G 1,800 Miles of Railway Abandoned . 43 Object to Rail Dictatorship . . .46 No City Taxes in Skaneateles . . . -'.7 Banks Want High Light Rates . 4S Anglo-Otmerican World War Ac. ord 4S Guardian Trust Company of
American Bankers Association . . 48
Points from Insurance Literal tire . 48
Public Debt of the U. 8. A. . . . 52
Americans Unpopular in Cuba . . 53
POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AN D I O :E’GN
Long Beach Gas Works Pays . . .47 Glorified Bill-Collecting Agency . . 50 NRA Should Be Terminated Soon . 50 Tax-Exempt Properties.....51
United States Shipping Board . . 51 Bankruptcy of Self-Government . . 51
Amazing Civil Service Questions . 53
Morgenthau Thinks War Inevitable . 54
AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY
Possibilities in Hybrid Nuts ... 55
All They Needed Was a Chance . . 55 Fertilizers with Every Rain . . .55 Why Farmers Get Nothing for Milk 55
SCIENCE AND INVENTION
Possibility of Reversed Refrigeration 56
3,000 Pictures per Second . . . .56
HOME AND HEALTH
Cigarettes and Mental Instability . 57
Toxin-Antitoxin Admittedly Ino Good 57
Suggestions for Houses ives ... 63
TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY
Latin America — Question Mark of 20th Century
Child Slavery in Ceylon .... 53
French Arms Exports Up . . . .51
RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY
The Radio Witness Work . . . . 43
World Digs tor Water to Drink . 58
crke Golden Age
Volume XV Brooklyn, N. Wednesday, October 25, 1933 Number 368
Latin America—The Question Mark of the 20th Century
In Three Parts—Part 1
IF ONE takes the map of South America, mounts it on a board, and cuts out the great country of Brazil, what he has left is a huge question mark. It is in the order indicated by that question mark that we hope to give some consideration to this interesting portion of our planet. And we shall find questions a plenty, some of which we shall find it hard to answer.
The bulk of Africa lies above the equator, but the bulk of South America lies below the equator. Until the Panama Canal was opened South America was in a corner by itself. Being in the opposite hemisphere from the principal land masses of the world, it has tended to develop along lines peculiar to itself. Other factors have favored that tendency.
The northernmost part of South America is altogether south of the latitude of the Sahara Desert. The mouths of the Amazon and the Congo are in nearly the same latitude. Sydney, in Australia, Auckland, in New Zealand, and Cape Town, in South Africa, are in the same latitude as Buenos Aires. South America extends 1,500 miles nearer the south pole than does Africa.
The west coast of South America, most of it, is straight south of New York city. Brazil extends east of that line twenty-six hundred miles. South America, most of it, is in the tropics. People in the tropics must live and do live at a different pace than is usual in the temperate zones. The bulk of Mexico, with all that intervenes down to Argentina, is subject to the range of direct solar rays, i.e., tropical weather.
Altitude has an important bearing upon life in South America. Each ascent of 330 feet causes a variation of one degree Fahrenheit in temperature. There are places on the equator that are uncomfortably chilly. Thus in the tropics altitude tends to offset latitude. A point at 5,000 feet altitude on the equator has the same climate as one fifteen hundred miles north or south, at sea level. Mexico city is in the torrid zone, but as it is at an elevation of 7,500 feet the climate is that of eternal spring.
The Andes and the Amazon
The Andes mountain system is much more rugged than anything found in North America. Between Tolima, a Colombian peak eighteen thousand feet high, and Aconcagua, in Argentina, twenty-three thousand feet high, there are several peaks in Ecuador and Bolivia which are well over twenty thousand feet.
Throughout the Andes system there are active volcanoes, many of which are constantly in a steaming condition, with frequent eruptions. Earthquakes are frequent. For more than three thousand miles the Andes offer very few passes as low as twelve thousand feet.
In very many places, even near the equator, the summits of the Andes are covered with eternal snows. Though usually comparatively narrow, in Bolivia the chain widens out so that it is four hundred miles across.
At places in Peru the summits are so near the Pacific ocean that branches of the Amazon river rise within fifty miles or thereabouts from that body of water. The Amazon is navigable for the greater part of its 3,400 miles of length, so that it practically bisects South America.
Of its two hundred tributaries, a hundred are navigable. One of these tributaries is 2,300 miles in length. The Casiquiare, which flows into the Rio Negro, one of the branches of the Amazon, is also connected with the Orinoco. The Amazon contains one-tenth of all the running water of the globe, and is incontestably the world’s largest river.
The tides run up the Amazon four hundred miles. At a thousand miles from the ocean it is two hundred feet deep. At spring tide the bore, or pororoca, as it is called, rushes into the Amazon in the form of huge waves ten to fifteen feet in perpendicular height, three or four of which follow each other with irresistible force. The
mouth of the Amazon was discovered by Yanez Pinzon, in 1500; the river was descended by Francisco Orellana in 1540.
The Amazon river system as a whole affords some 16,000 miles of river suitable for navigation. The forests along its banks are the largest in the world. The main stream flows almost along the equator.
The South American People
Suppose you Avere asked to describe the people that go to make up the inhabitants of the United States. How would you begin? Would you describe the New England Yankee? the New York State Yankee? the Vermonter? the Knickerbockers? the Jersey Dutch? the Pennsylvania Dutch? the Michiganders? the Hoosiers? the Southerners? the North American Indians? and if so what tribe? the Negroes? the Irish-Americans? the German-Americans? the Italo-Americans ? Or how about the Japanese-Americans, or the Chinese-Americans, of whom we now have many thousands of actual bona fide citizens, born in this country and not knowing any other land? And don’t forget that we have Poles and Russians and Slavs and Hungarians and Greeks and French and Portuguese and Spanish, and their descendants, not a few.
The best you could do would be to analyze the situation, pick out some of the leading groups, tell something about them, point to what they have accomplished collectively, and to the present situation, and there let it rest. That is what we hope to do in this article.
The Latin American is not one; he is many. Something over a hundred years ago Baron von Humboldt, one of the most discerning and thoughtful men the earth has produced, estimated that in Latin America there were 3,500,000 whites, 7,500,000 aborigines, 5,333,333 mestizos (persons of mixed blood), and 750,000 Negroes. It will be apparent that at that time the proportion of whites was about one-fifth, or 20 percent.
According to the 1930 census there were then in the United States 108,864,207 whites, 2,019,696 aborigines and mestizos (including Asiatics), and 11,891,143 Negroes. The proportion of whites in the United States is 88.7 percent. North America is predominantly white; South America is predominantly dark. North America has always been inevitably governed by whites.
The government of a country in which the whites constitute but one in five of the population is manifestly a very different proposition from one in which they make up seven-eighths of it. The whites usually govern in Latin America, but they do not always do so, and could hardly expect to.
The Governing Class
The Spanish Inquisition, by which 31,000 persons were put to death, was set up by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1481. In that same year began the Avar Avhich resulted, November 25, 1491, in the overthrow of the Moslem empire. On March 30, 1492, an order was issued for the expulsion from the realm of all Jcavs and Moors Avho did not submit to be baptized. On August 3,1492, Christopher Columbus set sail from Palos on his first A’oyage.
If the foregoing facts are kept in mind, one will readily discern the kind of immigrants that first found their way to Latin America. They Avere, first of all, Roman Catholics. The State took particular pains to see to it that none but the “orthodox” should go to the new Avorld. Thus North America Avas settled mainly by Protestants; South America exclusively by Roman Catholics.
In the second place, the first immigrants were soldiers by trade as xvell as soldiers of fortune. They had been engaged for ten years in the subjugation and expulsion of all persons not of the Roman Catholic faith, and their sovereigns Avere enthusiastic for the Inquisition.
In the third place, most of the skilled artisans in Spain had been Moors and much of the trading Avas in JeAvish hands, so that Avhen Moors and JeAvs Avere expelled, the country from which the adventurers set out Avas ill-fitted to provide the industry and skill needed to get on in a neAv Avorld.
We are thus forced to see that bigotry, cruelty, militarism and lack of industry Avere inevitable, at least at the start. But no sooner had Columbus made his discoveries than Ferdinand and Isabella Avanted gold, and in order to satisfy their demands he started the system of robbing the Indians of their treasures, Avhich has cursed Latin America from then till noAv. Greed was not limited to the sovereigns, hoxvever. It is a common enough trait of fallen man, no matter Avhere Ave find him. And the tropics promote laziness in all.
Trying to Understand the Spaniard
No one can deny that the Spanish are possessed of great physical courage. They are chivalrous, and they are proud. They love beauty for its own sake. They admire the artistic. They love oratory and are adepts at it. Their language is filled with niceties of expression that can hardly be mastered in a lifetime. Etiquette is taken seriously and practiced assiduously.
The Spanish are musicians and dreamers. They love color and romance. In their semiseclusion of their women, they suggest to some minds the people of the Orient. It is thought, indeed, that Moorish customs, which prevailed on the Iberian peninsula for more than seven hundred years, have left an indelible impression upon the Spanish people.
The men love politics, but they do not love business. They place great emphasis on politeness, the fine arts, pleasures and the emotions. The balmy nights stir the emotions and the imagination. The color bar is not as great a handicap as in North America, but aristocrats and the descendants of aristocrats are liable to be arrogant.
Home life among the Spaniards is on a high plane, but the sexual morals of the cavaliers that first came to America were low, as may be judged from the great number of mestizos. Deeds of violence were common in the early days in Latin America as they were in North America.
The aristocrats looked to the government to help them through this life and to the church to make it as comfortable as possible for them in the next. It was the Devil’s old game of Big Business, Big Politics and Big Church all over again. The only chance the common man had to get along was to be or pretend to be “loyal” to the people that had everything in their control.
Extravagance is common. A Chilean or Peruvian thinks nothing of mortgaging his place for every dollar he can obtain and then will take his wife and six or eight children and go to Paris or to the Riviera for two or three years until he has used it all up. The Latins love luxury, elegance, refinement and ostentation.
The Hapless Aborigines
As the North American Indians are certainly descendants of the Japanese, so among the South American Indians there are distinct traces of Mongolian and Malaysian features. Photographs of life among the lowly resemble those taken in China. One can hardly tell them apart.
When the Spanish discoverers and conquerors gained control of the new world they wanted gold. The old Spanish law was that all treasures of the subsoil belonged to the monarch. Those who would engage in mining were granted villages of Indians, the inhabitants of which they were at liberty to compel to enter the mines and do the actual work.
And now having said many good things, many kind things of the Spaniards, we are forced to say that no other subject peoples have ever been treated as badly as the South American Indians were treated by the Spanish cavaliers. It is of record that only one out of ten forced into slavery ever returned alive. You can blame the spirit of the Inquisition for that. In instances obstinate Indians were dragged to the mines by tying their hair to the tail of the rider’s horse. Can you wonder that the Indian now distrusts the white?
The Indians Have Made No Progress
The claim is put forth that in more than four hundred years of Spanish rule the South American Indians have made no progress, and that, as a matter of fact, they are less advanced now than they were in the days of Cortez and Pizarro. Today they are the indispensable hewers of wood and drawers of water without which Latin-American civilization could not go on. But they have not been rewarded. They have been kept in bondage.
An Indian, though he understands Spanish perfectly, will not answer a stranger, in that tongue, because he has come to fear it means some further plan to deprive him of that which is rightfully his. Nominally a citizen, actually the Indian is a sheep without a shepherd. What a blessing Jehovah’s kingdom will be to these poor unfortunates!
An item not to be overlooked is that the South American Indians, the Spanish and the Portuguese were all accustomed to be ruled by monarchs. Another is that for centuries Spain insisted upon ruling Latin America by men that were born in Spain. Even if a man was of pure Spanish ancestry, if he was born on this side of the water it militated against his chances.
Thus the caste system was really in effect: the Spanish-born at the top, next their American-born descendants, third the mestizos, and fourth the aborigines and Negroes, always at the bottom of the social ladder. The Spanish monarchs encouraged these four classes to feel contempt or envy for one another, according as they were up or down in the social scale, on the Devil's principle, “Divide and rule.”
One of the reasons why there are so many political disturbances in South America is that this Roman Catholic policy of “Divide and rule” has been so persistently maintained. It is impossible to maintain a stable government where the various component parts of the population are studiously kept at loggerheads with one another. In the year 1930 there were seven major political disturbances in the twenty countries that go to make up Latin America.
Many Restrictions of Trade
Instead of following a policy that would develop the new world, Ferdinand and Isabella adopted one calculated to prevent its development. By the year 1501, only nine years after Columbus’ first voyage, royal licenses were required of all who wished to sail to the new world. These restrictions were continued for three hundred years.
By 1503 a law was in effect that all supplies for the Indies and all products from there must pass through the one port of Seville. By 1543, and for two hundred years thereafter, sailings took place only once a year in each direction, when a whole fleet sailed at one time, escorted by an armed convoy. On arrival at their destinations lively fairs were held to exchange Old World products for the new.
In order to better collect the export and import duties at both ends of the line, the ports were restricted to three which were allowed to trade with Seville: namely, Vera Cruz, Cartagena and Porto Bello. No better system for stifling trade could have been devised. Wherever goods of any kind moved, fresh imposts were piled upon them.
The Spanish rulers forbade the trade in native products between various parts of Latin America, and for some inscrutable reason would not permit goods from the Philippines to enter Peru even as gifts. The Spanish sovereigns looked upon the whole country as theii' hacienda, or private estate, and their major ambition seems to have been to make it pay and pay well.
For two centuries their income was colossal, but much of it was squandered on foolish European wars. Firearms and superior organization enabled them to impose their will on a continent and a half. Piggishness caused them to lose it all.
Thinking to remain more firmly in the saddle, the Spanish monarchs encouraged jealousies between the clergy and the lay rulers, and were always ready to listen to tales of the one against the other. Reactions to this policy of “Divide and rule” are to be seen in the instability of South American republics to this day.
An Empire Easily Won and Lost
It was an easy thing for the Spanish cavalry, clad in armor, and possessing firearms, to crush or eliminate the aborigines, first in the islands, and then in Mexico and Peru. The natives had never seen horses, and were terrified at the appearance of warriors mounted, armor-clad, and able to kill at great distances.
All the lands seized were assumed to belong to the crown. They were parceled out to the whites. The great landed estates and the system of forced labor which they created has continued until today. The effort of the Spanish sovereigns to control all trade led to much smuggling and gradually the colonies lost most of their respect for the mother country.
At first the sovereigns demanded a two-thirds share of all the output of the mines. This was too great to be borne. It was finally reduced to one-fifth, and on that basis yielded the rulers an average of something like $2,500,000 a year for many years.
The merchants of Cadiz, by a handsome gift to the royal treasury, finally got the monopoly away from Seville, and thereafter all vessels to and from the Indies, as Latin America was called, went through the better harbor which for almost two hundred years had been coveting the trade.
The South American revolution, when it finally came, lasted twenty years. It resulted, toward the close of the year 1824, in the breaking of the Spanish power in South America. Oddly enough, it had its start in an uprising against Joseph Bonaparte, who had been placed on the throne of Spain by Napoleon in lieu of the supposedly legitimate king, Ferdinand VII.
Fifty years before the Spanish colonies gained their independence Britain is said to have frequently agitated the idea of revolutionizing them and separating them from Spain, with the avowed object of opening up the continent to British commerce. The plans which Britain made for enlarging her trade with South America proved a success. Before the World War British interests constructed and controlled eighty-live percent of South America’s railroads, harbors and public works, fifty percent of the shipping, commerce and finance, and a large part of the industrial and agricultural activity. But the Germans were making inroads into British trade as the great war broke out in 1914.
Soft Berths for the Clergy
As a rule, if a father has a son who he feels will never make a success at anything in life, he makes a clergyman out of him, and boys of that kind easily and naturally fall into that line of occupation or lack of occupation. The prophet sizes the whole class of the clergy up so faithfully, in Isaiah 56:10,11, that we do not see how anybody could miss the point. They just naturally love to eat and drink and sleep and pamper their bodies; but when it comes to lifting the weights they have placed on the people, the Lord says, they will not put forth a finger.
The clergy that set out to make a soft living in the New World were no better and no worse than the clergy in general. At the start they had it so soft that almost everybody wanted to be a clergyman rather than have to do work of any kind. Who wants to work up callouses on his hands if he can strut up and down beside a "church”, with a long-tailed robe on, learning Latin pages of “Eenie, meenie, minie, moe”?
In the year 1600 at least four hundred convents existed in New Spain alone. In 1620 the convents in Lima covered more ground than all the rest of the city. In the year 1644 the civic authorities of Lima petitioned the king to forbid the establishment of any more monastic orders, and to limit the revenues of the existing ones, as otherwise they would soon own all the property in the country. At that time there were more than 6,000 of the clergy that had no charges and were hoboing it through life. If any hoboes read this issue we trust they will forgive us for this comparison.
In 1501 Alexander VI gave Ferdinand and Isabella the right to collect tithes for the propagation of the “faith”, and in a few years they had the incomes from annates and indulgences, and the right to make all ecclesiastical appointments. This was because they were such zealots for the Inquisition.
The “Reduction” of the Heretics
It is not such a nice business, burning people at the stake. We sometimes do it here in the United States, but it is not popular. There are nice, refined people that object when a Negro screams in the vicinity of their home as some white gentleman bores through his abdomen with a white-hot crowbar. It never just got to be considered the right thing to do.
And so the regular Ferdinand and Isabella system of dealing with “heretics” never got a really good foothold in the New World. Only 41 were reported as having been burned alive in Mexico, and 59 in Peru, but this total of exactly 100 looks suspicious. It looks as if the figures had been doctored. There may have been several times that number.
The usual milder punishments were inflicted, of flogging, work in the galleys, banishment, imprisonment, or death by some relatively humane method. Confiscation of property took place in all of these cases, as it enabled the clergy to go that much longer without doing any work. The Dominicans were specially entrusted with the “reduccion” of the “heretics”.
The “reduccion” of the natives, i.e., their reduction or restoration to the supposed religion of their ancestors, was accomplished by less violent means. The images of the gods of the Aztecs and Incas were renamed or replaced by representations of Jesus, Mary, and the “saints”. The eagle on the Mexican coat of arms was replaced by the dove, so that the “Holy Ghost” would not be left out. The natives were already familiar with “religious” processions.
Twelve friars accompanied Columbus on his second voyage, and the work of the “reduccion” of the natives began at once. Their records were destroyed and great pains were taken to sec that they should be taught nothing but the ‘purest’ Roman Catholic doctrine. The missions were sometimes called “reducciones”.
Apportionment of the Lands
As the Spanish soldiers overran the New World, they7 and the priests that went along with them were granted the lands of the conquered aborigines and were given the “right” to wholly or partially enslave the natives. This “right” awarded by the crown was called a repartimiento. After the person who held the repartimiento died or was banished, his heirs or successors came into possession of the en-comienda which he left behind. They could levy tribute and “evangelize”, but were restrained from going to as great length as the original holder of the “right”.
It thus came about that the aborigines lost their lands to the Spanish aristocracy. The New World became a paradise for priests, friars and nuns, but assuredly not for the poor aborigines. Force, bribery, intrigue, cruelty and treachery bolstered up the union of church and state and left all the burdens of militarism, aristocracy and churchianity piled upon the backs of the simple-hearted natives.
As early as 1516 a Spanish priest Bartolome de las Casas, who happened to have a heart and a conscience, protested against the branding of the natives and the forcing of them into bondage. As neither the soldiers nor the priests would work, and the natives were unaccustomed to bondage, Las Casas visited Spain, urging the Spanish government to import Negroes into the New World on a large scale.
In later years, after his advice had been taken and great numbers of blacks had been shanghaied from their African homes and transported to America, Las Casas bitterly regretted that he had not earlier seen that the Negro has as much right to be free as the Indian.
One would not expect soldiers or priests to be good teachers of how to perform the labors of the Held and forest, and so the ox came to be the animal generally used for agricultural labor. Wooden plows, often made from the forked branches of a tree, were used. Grain crops were cut with knives. The mills on the sugar plantations were worked by hand, oxen or water power.
General Education Neglected
As early as 1523 Pedro de Gante had a school in Mexico in which he taught a thousand Indian boys reading, writing, arithmetic, drawing, music, trades and mechanical arts, but the good example which he set was not followed, and the Indians today, after four hundred years of Roman Catholic “teaching”, are less advanced than they were when Cortez landed in Mexico.
The first Catholic University in Latin America was opened in Mexico city in 1551, eighty-five years before the founding of Harvard University, the oldest university in the United States. By that time (1636) there were several well established universities in Latin America. But they were only for the education of priests and the children of the aristocracy.
As the Roman Catholic church retains its control of the men through its control of the women, every effort was made to keep the women in ignorance. The few schools for girls were in the hands of nuns, and education beyond the barest rudiments was frowned upon. It is of record that one priest in Chile refused absolution to a girl who had confessed to the sin of studying French.
The Roman Catholic church looks upon woman as a means by which great numbers may be ultimately added to the church. Whether the poor woman knows how to take care of her brood does not matter, only so long as she brings them into the world. The priest makes a good thing out of it in baptism fees, masses and what not, whether the children live or die.
The women of South America are good mothers, in the sense that they love their children dearly, but among the poor their knowledge is so slight, kept that way by the “church”, that from forty to ninety percent die under two years of age. The children are often “spoiled”, though externally most polite to father and mother. The daily confession of the woman of the home makes the priest the real head of the home.
Most men wish to have their sons educated away from the influence of the priests, but the pressure brought to bear upon them by their wives is so strong as to usually prevent this. The men generally feel that the church is outmoded, belongs to the past. But they do not see how to get aw’ay from it. And, indeed, only the great Jehovah God could bring the deceptive and oppressive institution to an end.
Brighter People Nowhere
Nowhere will you find brighter people than in Latin America; and, given equal opportunities, they make their mark every time. By inheritance and training they incline more toward the literary and artistic than toward the mechanical and commercial.
It is of the nature of the South American that he will receive a North American, with utmost politeness and elegance of language, in a room that for ornateness and elegance of furnishings could scarcely be surpassed, and yet the room may be so cold that everybody has to wear an overcoat to keep from freezing. The first thing a Yankee would do under such circumstances would be to say, “Gee whiz! it is cold in here; can’t you give us a little heat ?” And it would be the last thing the Latin American would think of.
It takes a North American a long time to learn that the more leisurely and courteously he does a thing, the sooner and more pleasantly he attains his end. If he tries to rush things, they just don’t rush.
To the credit of the Roman Catholic church it must be said that though they did encourage the making of slaves of the aborigines, yet they did not encourage the breaking up of their families, as was done often in North America.
There were only eight printing presses in Spanish America up to 1810. Throughout the inquisitional period book dealers were required to furnish lists of all books they had on sale and to take oath that no others were sold. They had to keep on hand lists of the books that were under ban. They might not buy a library without obtaining permission from the censors for every book it contained. No books could be imported without their consent. The officials of the Inquisition had the “right” at any time to enter any home in search of condemned publications, the same as any other regular jail.
In the Good Old Yellow-Fever Days
In the good old yellow-fever days there was no sanitation. The garbage was thrown out into the streets, to be carried away by the buzzards, as was also the case in some of the cities of North America. Since then we have sewers, paved streets, and garbage disposal, and thus no more yellow fever. The oft-repeated yarn that vaccination has made the change is pure fiction.
The artistic sense of the people made the town square an attractive place. In it was usually a fountain from which the poor secured water for household uses. Some of the streets were lined with trees, and many of them were fairly wide.
At night, in the early days, the streets were dark and deserted and deeds of violence were common, but in the latter part of the eighteenth century oil lamps were set up along the most important streets and police patrols were instituted. Mexico city set an unusually high precedent and early established the reputation of being one of the cleanest, safest and most beautiful cities in the world.
The Monroe Doctrine
We do not feel called upon at this time to make any further statement of the history and purposes of the Monroe Doctrine than is contained in the following, taken from Judge Rutherford's book Light (Book One, pages 287-289). It covers the ground completely:
The imperialism of America dates from December 2, 1823, with the “Monroe Doctrine”. In substance that doctrine is that European monarchies or governments must not by conquest acquire territory and rulership over the countries of North and South America and make them colonies and thereby enlarge the territory of the European nations. The doctrine, however, does not declare against the United States’ enlarging her territory on the Western Continent at the expense of minor American republics. America did make war with Mexico and took over Texas. She made war with Spain and established a protectorate over Cuba and Porto Rico. She also acquired title to the Philippine Islands, the Hawaiian Islands, and Samoa and Guam, and thereby enlarged her territory. She has established a protectorate over Santo Domingo, Haiti, and has recently put in operation a military policy in Nicaragua. She has acquired the Canal Zone and Alaska.
True to the traditional policy (to wit, diplomatic hypocrisy) of the two-horned beast, the ostensible reason for the Monroe Doctrine was to protect the infant republics of the American continent. The real reason was in the interest of Britain and America; and in support of this conclusion the following historical fact is related: “The European power commonly called the ‘Holy Alliance’ [the chief amongst which was Germany, the head of the sixth beast] . . . turned its attention to Spain and to the Spanish colonies. The United States feared that France would undertake this commission also and would claim Cuba as the price of service to Spain, thereby securing a broader foothold in America.” To show that Great Britain was deeply interested in the policy of the Monroe Doctrine, and that Britain and America were working in conjunction with each other, the following historical fact is cited:
“The time seemed to have come in 1823 for some sort of action that would head off the threatened invasion of Latin America by third parties in behalf of Spain. Something was also needed to check the Russian advance into North America ; and the opportunity was convenient for expressing the undying love of Americans for the popular government that they had chosen. At this moment George Canning, Foreign Minister of Great Britain, stepped into tho controversy. England was interested in unrestricted trade with the Spanish-American countries and was extremely opposed to the constricting policy of the Holy Alliance, both in Europe and America. Hence, in August and September 1823, Canning four times proposed to Richard Rush, our Minister in London, that the United States join England in a declaration against intervention, and Monroe was inclined to accept the proposal. After long Cabinet discussions John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State, convinced the President that it would be better to make an independent declaration. Adams’ papers show that he not only suggested but formulated most of the important presidential message of 2 Dec. 1823, several passages in which, construed together, constitute the original and genuine Monroe Doctrine.'’—The Encyclopedia Americana, Vol. 19, p. 374.
As with the League of Nations compact, an American president got the credit for writing the Monroe Doctrine, but it really emanated from a fertile British mind. In support of this conclusion the following historical fact is important:
“The original Monroe Doctrine was at once effective. Canning was so much interested in the result that he claimed it for himself and said (21 Dec. 1826) : ‘I looked another way ... I sought for compensation in another hemisphere. ... I called the new world into existence to redress the balance of the old.’ ”—The Encyclopedia Americana, Vol. 19, p. 374.
The same authority further says:
“During the Spanish War of 1898 Great Britain made it clear that other European powers must not interfere with the American policy of the United States.”—The Encyclopedia Americana, Vol. 19, p. 375.
Latin America Resentful
Latin America is resentful and suspicious of the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine; and who can blame her? By the time you have been robbed a dozen times by the same man you get to discount his professions of friendship and wish he would put up his gun.
As La Prensa gracefully but forcefully phrased it: ‘'The gracious benevolence with which one State would guarantee the independence of others is strictly outside international law and engenders the danger that there may arise a false vision of the possibility of tutelage and protection, which is absolutely inadmissible.”
Yankees and Spaniards do not naturally mix very well together. The Yankee is blunt, cold, content to wait on the law and will take and give a substitute; and he is a Protestant. The Spaniard is the opposite of all this.
At the Pan-American Union at Havana, in 1928, thirteen of the Latin-American countries made it clear that they do not want any government to intervene at any time in the affairs of any American state. While they did not mention the American Government, yet all knew what they had in mind.
The munition manufacturers of North America have been and are a curse to South America. The fratricidal conflicts of Latin-American nations are fought with North American weapons and financed sometimes, too, in the great nation that has more than half of the population of the Western Hemisphere and vastly more than half of its capital. Our tariffs have made us unlovely and unloved.
Brigadier General Smedley D. Butler says he has been on fifteen debt-collecting expeditions with United States battleships, but it seems that the North American State Department says it shall never be done so again. We shall be good now; so we shall.
Both North America and South America are sore because South American bonds have lost some 80 percent of their value. But what can be done about it? Not a thing. The phantom of prosperity is just around the corner, the big corner, Armageddon. Meantime we have to be content with oui’ “rugged individuality”.
The polite language of South America is French. Travel is almost entirely to Europe. There is in Latin America little if any feeling that the United States has any real interest in its welfare. That was a nice speech by the new Peruvian ambassador wherein, with true Latin-American courtesy and nicety of expression, he said: “You have changed from indifference to mild interest, but we want it to be converted into friendly interest. We have changed from hostile distrust to hopeful expectancy.”
While Mr. Hoover was president of the United States the New York Times represented him as saying on one occasion: “We are not attempting in any way to develop a super-state or- to interfere with the ‘greedom’ of action of any of the States.” “Greedom,” Mr. Hoover, “greed-om”? How come?
Good Relations Essential
It is essential that good relations should be established and maintained between North America and South America, even if there were no other motive on the part of each than pure selfishness. The South Americans are learning that by hooking up with North American firms they make money; so today many who in bygone years would have learned French are learning, not English, but the language we speak in the United States, whatever that is.
The direct investment of United States capital in all Latin-American countries is estimated as around $5,500,000,000. Cuba, Chile, Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil have been the largest borrowers. Colombia, Peru and Bolivia follow in the order named. Peru and Bolivia have already defaulted on their bonds.
One thing that holds back South American progress is that most of the countries have but few tilings they can export; it is coffee, sugar, copper, lead, tin, nitrates, wheat or corn or it is nothing. If the export prices of these are down, then the country is down.
South Americans complain that they should not have borrowed as much as they did, and would not have done it, but that the loans were pushed on them and they were told to sign on the dotted line. That is all true. That is the way North Americans do business. The North Americans could see that South America has fabulous natural resources, only needing to be linanced to be an El Dorado. And it is that and will be that.
Tourist traffic between the United States and Latin America is on the increase, even in the midst of the great depression. That is a favorable sign. South America is still taking automobiles, electric equipment for the home, office appliances, machinery and motion pictures made in North America.
North Americans have learned that South American revolutions are not such serious affairs as they were once considered to be. Often they arise from the fact that commanding officers come to feel that their regiments belong to them personally. They get out of focus.
It is acknowledged that governmental favors are distributed too generously, for much the same reason. But in the long run the republics to the South, even if they do have shake-ups, manage to jog along as smoothly as the rest of the world. Personal greed is prevalent in every corner of Satan's kingdom; it is not peculiar to Latin America.
Page North America's greatest financiers and greatest statesmen.
(2’o be continued)
The Radio Witness Work
BUFFALO, N. Y. “Please send me Judge Rutherford's talk. Am more than interested and think his talks and guidance taken from the Bible are wonderful.” J. W. D.
Rochester, N. Y. “Due to illness we remained home from church Sunday, but were greatly repaid by listening to your address, and believe every word true. Will you kindly send me a copy of your address ?” Mrs. L. A.
Philadelphia, Pa. “Will you be good enough to send me at your convenience a copy of Judge Rutherford's talk as broadcast over the network on Sunday morning. I enjoyed every word of this marvelous talk.” Miss II. T. P.
Chicago, Ill. “Would you kindly send me a copy of the address by Judge Rutherford. I agree in every point with the speaker, and thank the Lord that he has the courage to proclaim the truth.” Mrs. L. K.
Springfield, Mass. “I missed a part of Judge Rutherford's talk on Sunday and would like a copy of it. If you will send me several copies I will see that they go to people where they will do good. It was marvelous, and I thank God for such a man.” Mrs. M. R. R.
Berkeley, Calif. “Please use the enclosed in your lecture work, or as you see fit in the Master’s cause, spreading His message to mankind. Words fail me when I think of the wonderful work you are enabled through His help to do.”
Toronto, Ont., Canada. “I would appreciate a copy of Judge Rutherford’s speech over the radio today. This is not only an inspiration to me, but I hope to use it with a group of business people for the study and development of better world conditions.” J. E. S.
Mahan, AV. Va. “Kindly send me The Harp of God, The Revelation, and Prophecy, or any books that will help me to understand the Bible. I am a young minister and very limited in my education, and I want to know the truth about the Bible.”
Waverly, N. Y. “Your sermon today was fine and we are desirous of copy. Keep this good work up, as we are in need of more men that think and dare say the things you are telling us over the radio. God bless you in your work.” Airs. 0. R. S.
Middletown, R. I. “We would be very much pleased to have you send us copies of Judge Rutherford’s lectures which he broadcast last Sunday and today; also any future lectures he may give. They are truly wonderful, and anybody having a hearing ear must be enlightened.” E. M. H.
“The Mimic God”
HOW kind but how plain was Judge Rutherford’s address on “The Mimic God", broadcast October 8, 1933, from the same great chain of over one hundred stations that carried the address the week previous on ‘‘The True God’’, of which mention was made in our last issue. Due provision will be made for putting these two addresses, together with the concluding one of the series, “Why Serve Jehovah,’’ in the hands of the people.
We say just a few words here, reflections of the message that came in from WEBL of Syracuse, eighty miles away. One would have thought Judge Rutherford was in the room. Every word was as clear and distinct as could be. In the early morning it seemingly threatened rain, but the witnesses said, “It will not rain; it never does; there will be no static until after the address,” which was scheduled for the noon hour. And sure enough, the skies cleared and at the hour of broadcast conditions for perfect reception were ideal.
Judge Rutherford started his address with a definition of the word mimic as he expected to use it in his delineation of the one that has deceived and blinded and oppressed the whole world. We do not have it by us at the moment; it was excellent. As shown by the dictionary, a mimic copies or imitates something that he feebly or remotely resembles, but the copy that he makes is ridiculously small or insignificant as compared with what is imitated. That is a good word to describe the conditions set up in the visible and the invisible world by the one who made merchandise of man in the garden of Eden, the one whose ambition was to be like the Most High.
As a result of selling mankind into slavery and death Lucifer's name was changed by Jehovah God to the names Satan, Devil, Serpent and Dragon, and he has been all of these. He challenged Jehovah God to put on the earth a man that would maintain his integrity; Jehovah accepted the challenge. All the sufferings that have come upon man have come from Satan.
Religion Ever the Devil's Tool
Strange to say, religion has ever been the means by which the people have been turned against Jehovah God. The first religions in the earth were sketched by Judge Rutherford in his address. They all had creatures as their object of worship. Israel alone of all the nations of the earth had the opportunity to know the truth. God commanded them that they should have no other gods before Him. All bowing down to man is an insult to Jehovah God.
Israel was untrue to her opportunities and in COG B.C. was cast away, and from that time the whole world has lain in the wicked one. Because it did lie in the wicked one, Jesus must suffer from Satan and his wicked agents, thus maintain His integrity and thus vindicate God's word and name.
The most religious people of His time, the scribes and Pharisees, claimed that Jehovah God was their father, but Jesus told them plainly that their father was the Devil. “His servants ye are to whom ye obey.” Men who, though with the best of intentions, follow the teachings of men instead of the true God, are in fact servants of the Devil.
That the people are so blind to the Scriptures is because of the Devil. The apostle plainly so states in 2 Corinthians 4:4. Satan’s real purpose in this is to turn the people away from Jehovah God, but, ‘Let God be true though it make all men liars.’
The Devil has for centuries been the invisible ruler of the earth. Commerce, politics and religion are joined together in his government of the world. The governments of earth have not knowingly followed the Devil; they have been overreached. It is because of this that the nations of the earth are now in great distress.
The world is in suffering and in great distress, not from anything that the true God has done; this distress is from the false god, whose race is now about run. Preparation is now progressing for the destruction of the Devil and those that have his spirit and do his bidding. The Devil has great wrath, knowing that his time is short.
In this perilous time, how shall the people know what to believe? The true God has made the necessary provision for those whose hearts are right in His sight. Jehovah’s witnesses come to you with the very help that you need. These witnesses are peacemakers, not trouble-makers.
No Opposition to Rulers
To oppose the rulers in their efforts to straighten out a mad world would be entirely wrong. If the rulers were wise they would pay attention to the great truths now being proclaimed in their hearing. The Scriptures plain-
ly show that in the conclusion of all this strife it will be seen by all that survive that Christ is now reigning upon Jehovah’s throne; in other words, He is Jehovah’s vicegerent in the earth. ‘‘The government shall be upon his shoulder,” and of the increase of that government there shall be no end.
We do not say that these are the things that Judge Rutherford said, but they are the impressions left in memory’s gardens. All should get the address and read it thoughtfully. By the time this issue is in the hands of our readers, the third and concluding address, “Why Serve Jehovah God,” will have been delivered over the big network, October 15.
We live in a time when the judgments of Jehovah God are beginning to operate in the earth. In our last issue, page 3, occurs the following paragraph:
The heaviest pressure was brought to bear in New England, where the city of Providence cringes under the lash of a bigoted bishop. In that city two station managements broke their contracts and gave up their manhood and independence, because covertly threatened with a boycott which it was hinted would include 400,000 Catholics. The owners of these stations had other businesses which they foolishly believed would be ruined unless they complied with the threats. The Providence Visitor was the paper used as the “bludgeon”. Had the men who owned these stations stood their ground, nothing such as they anticipated would have occurred.
That paragraph was written on Monday, October 2. It had reference to William A. Hickey, bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Providence. At that time, so far as we know, he was in perfect health. Only three days after the time when Judge Rutherford was lecturing over more than 100 radio stations (after Bishop Hickey had used all his powers to have him cut off the air altogether), we understand, the gentleman had a very sudden and a fatal heart attack. Shortly prior thereto (i. e., Monday, October 2) the ‘pope’ had cabled him his “blessing”.
The End of an Enemy
Bishop Hickey died on Wednesday, October 4, and his funeral was conducted three hours after Judge Rutherford had finished his second address, the subject of this article. Because this item is of some human interest, we quote from the account in the New York Times of October 9, the day this is written:
“Providence, R.I., Oct. 8. A throng estimated to exceed 50,000 persons jammed the Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul here today to file past the bier of the Most Reverend William A. Hickey, Bishop of the Diccese of Providence, who died on Wednesday. The body of the bishop was borne to the cathedral at 3.30 P.M. to lie in state for two and a half hours, but at 10 P.M. the square and all the streets in the vicinity of the cathedral were still impassable because of tho crowds, and the steady procession into the church had not abated.”
“Burial will take place, after the imparting of five pontifical absolutions, in the marble crypt beneath the main altar in the lower part of the cathedral beside the bodies of his five predecessors and former auxiliaries of the diocese.”
There are 51 instances of imprecatory prayer in the Scriptures. We do not know that Bishop William A. Hickey was the subject of any prayers that he might get his just deserts for standing by and worshiping and serving the mimic god, and trying to prevent a faithful man of God from broadcasting over the radio his appeals to the people to turn to the tiue God of the Scriptures; but we know that he is now cold in death, and that Judge Rutherford is very much alive and is due to broadcast over 104 stations this coming Sunday noon, on another coast-to-coast network, “Why Serve Jehovah God.”
Looks as if he had all the best of it. Read the 92d Psalm, all of it, thoughtfully. If verses 7 and 9 do not interest you, it will be hard to find anything that will.
Heat in the Imperial Valley
IN AUGUST the temperature in the Imperial Valley, California, rose to 119 degrees on one occasion. This is one degree hotter than ever before recorded in that spot.
Are Women Worse than Men?
RE the women worse than we men? In the year 1932, 66,384 women were sent to prison, but only 63,471 men. No doubt the men were able to hire better legal talent and this affected the figures somewhat.
London’s Giant Radio Exhibition
T THE London radio exhibition in August there were nine miles of stands, with exhibits insured for $13,350,000. One exhibit which attracted considerable attention was provided with all-metal tubes which are practically indestructible.
Transportation
Merger of German Shipping Lines
TO REDUCE expenses the North German Lloyd and Hamburg-American lines have merged. Sailing lists will be consolidated, piers abandoned, and advertising reduced.
Camel-Foot Tire
THE camel-foot tire, so called because it exerts the same pressure per square inch as does the foot of a camel, has been found ideal for equipment of automobiles in desert places. A car thus equipped will go Hying across the desert at the rate of thirty-five miles an hour.
Decline in Coal-using Vessels
IN 1914, 89 percent of the worlds steamer tonnage was fitted for burning coal. Today this proportion is reduced to 531- percent. At the beginning of the century the percentage of the world’s tonnage owned in Great Britain and Ireland was 50; today it is but 28. The United States at that time had but 4 percent; now it has 15 percent.
Boys and Girls Migrating Through Des Moines
A DISPATCH from Des Moines states that from 400 to 500 boys ride through the city daily on freight trains, with an equal number traveling the highways by thumb. An average of four to five girls come into Des Moines on freights every day. On a rainy day, one train crew hooked on an empty so that the free passengers could ride in comfort.
Bremerton, Washington, Has No Railroads
THE city of Bremerton, Washington, across the Sound from Seattle, has the distinction of being the largest city in the United States not connected with the outside world by railroad.
Half-hour ferry service is maintained between Bremerton and Seattle, as well as frequent bus service to Tacoma. Highways to the west connect the city with other points in the state.
A New Russian Highway
ANEW Russian highway, 2G8 miles long, to run between Moscow and Nijni-Novgorod will be divided into three lanes. There will be viaducts at every point of intersection, and it is calculated that sustained motor speeds of 75 miles an hour will be possible and probable. The Soviet has recently granted complete amnesty to 12,484 political prisoners and cut the sentences of 59,51G others.
1,800 Miles of Railway Abandoned
THE railways are gradually giving up the light. In the year 1932 only 38 miles of new track were constructed, while 1,800 miles were abandoned. This is about double that of the previous year, when 945 miles were abandoned.
Rubber Paving in London Streets
A T COSTS of about $22.50 per yard London lias put in considerable rubber paving, and found it the cheapest and most durable road surfacing yet used. Rubber surfaces are not affected by heat or cold and do not become wavy; they are non-skidding in wet weather and do not transmit their vibrations to adjacent buildings.
New York-Philadelphia Ship Canal
THERE is revived interest in a New York-
Philadelphia ship canal of size adequate to handle ocean shipping of all sizes. Such a canal would use New York bay, Raritan bay and the Delaware river, necessitating a canal only 30 miles long, from Sayreville to Bordentown. Such a canal would not cross any important railways or highways. It would cost $173,000,000 and take ten years to build. It would bring New York and Philadelphia as shipping points nearer together and would obviate much travel through the storm areas off Atlantic City and Cape May and in Delaware bay.
Brotherhoods Object to Rail Dictatorship rpiIE railway brotherhoods object to a rail •T dictatorship under the control of Wall Street. They correctly foresee that the object of unifying the lines is to eliminate more jobs, and in their statement say:
“This is no time for the government, or the railroads, or private industries to add more thousands of men to the breadlines and to deprive dependent women and children of their sole support. No government or private employer has the right today to take away jobs or wages necessary to keep humans alive and healthy without accepting responsibility for supplying a new means of support. No man who has more than he needs has a right today to hoard his surplus while millions are in want. The government should borrow from those who will lend, and take from those who will not lend, all the money necessary to put millions to -work now7. We should be done with vacillation and delay and do this thing first. The government which will not put the need for spending money to provide more -work and more wages ahead of any demand for saving money by reducing work and wages cannot 'iidure.”
The Utilities
Muscle Shoals at Work for the People
MUSCLE SHOALS, the great plant in Tennessee built in war time, is at last at work for the people. Electric rates will be the lowest in the United States, being an average of about 2c per kilowatt hour for the general consumer. The minimum charge will be $1.50 per month.
The Insull Receiverships
TN THE first year of the Insull receiverships J- the receivers and their lawyers had received fees of $405,300, which amounts are lost to the stockholders for ever, and it is estimated that by the time they get done picking the bones they will manage to extract at least $3,000,000 more.
Ao City Taxes in Skaneateles
'V'OU may wonder why it is that in the thriv-T ing and beautiful city of Skaneateles, N. Y., they have no city taxes, and so we explain. They have their own municipally owned light and water systems. Please don’t say anything about this; as it might offend the Power Trust.
Telephone Items
ON DECEMBER 31,1932, there was one telephone to each seven of the total population of the United States. There are 700,851 stockholders in the Bell system. Sixty percent of these have holdings of from one to ten shares. There are 291,000 employees, of whom 77,749 are stockholders. The average daily number of telephone conversations is 61,064,000.
A Nation-wide Public Power System
A NATION-WIDE public power system seems to be in the making, and should be a good thing for the country. The Roosevelt administration has authorized the Federal Power Commission to prepare a comprehensive national plan for the development of electricity. A survey of the country will be begun at once. $400,000 has been allocated for the purpose.
Long Beach Municipal Gas Works Pays
THE Long Beach municipal gas works pays.
Though the rate to consumers is only 60c per 1,000 cubic feet, as against 80c in the adjoining city of Los Angeles, where the plant is privately owned, yet the Long Beach plant is so profitable that out of the surplus it has recently purchased a near-by utility plant worth $300,000 and has erected a new $125,000 building for itself.
Why the Power Trust Fights
WHY the Power Trust fights to retain its strangle hold upon the public’s neck is quite clear when we reflect that in Canada, under public ownership, the average cost of electricity for domestic service is 1.5 cents; in the United States, under public ownership it is 2.5 cents, but (in the United States) under private ownership it is 5.82c, or almost four times the Canadian rate.
Public Utilities in the West
CHANUTE, Kansas, has reduced rates to rural patrons to a top rate of 8c per kilowatt hour, and a bottom rate of 4c. Wilson, Kansas, owning its own utilities, has become debt-free. The following cities, owning their own utilities, presented patrons with one month's free service: Bloomfield, Iowa; Longmont, Colorado; Holton, Kansas; Wyandotte, Michigan; and Crete, Burwell, Dix, Potter, Curtis, Lodgepole and Edgar, Nebraska.
Municipal Ownership at Columbia
MUNICIPAL ownership of public utilities has been a huge success at Columbia, Mo. The’ tax rates of the city are now among the lowest in the state. The proceeds from the plant have enabled the construction of fine municipal buildings. The city is the best illuminated in the state. All the utilities are entirely free of debt; the utility rates are low; there is cash to pay municipal bills, and a surplus in the treasury.
Queens Borough Gas and Electric Company
SEVERAL times in recent years we have received complaints of the huge deposits required by the Queens Borough Gas and Electric Company before they would install meters for new customers. It was contended that these excessive deposits placed in the hands of the company a huge amount of capital which they use in their business, and that the inability of the consumers to use the money thus tied up works a hardship on those who pay the bills. The Public Service Commission has .just ordered 18 percent reduction in rates of this company, giving as a reason that in the last five years it paid out in dividends more than the entire amount the stockholders ever paid into the company, besides which the combined surplus and reserve is now more than five and one-half million dollars.
Eankinc and Insurance
Weak Sisters Among the Banks
Senator Glass is quoted as saying: "For the last twelve or fourteen years there has been no espionage on the weak national banks. The controller of the currency admits that if he enforced the law he would have closed half the national banks of the country.” That seems interesting, because it looks as if the law was intended only as a joke, not to be taken seriously, and it makes a person wonder what the law is for, anyway.
Banks Want High Electric Light Rates
BECAUSE he planned to reduce the electric light rates of the New York Edison Company to such an amount as could be reasonably and properly charged for the service rendered, Wall Street banking interests have brought about the resignation of Matthew S. Sloan, president of the New York Edison Company. It is believed that the corporation is now under the control of J. P. Morgan & Company.
Anglo-American World War Accord
ACCORDING to an anonymous book entitled
The Mirrors of Wall Street, the Anglo-American World War accord was reached in the library of the late J. P. Morgan a few hours after Great Britain declared war on Germany. The British ambassador there waited on Mr. Morgan and asked him the one question if he would lend all his power and force, financial and commercial, actual and potential, to the British Government, and was answered in the affirmative. After that interview America's entrance into the World War was inevitable.
Guardian Trust Company of Cleveland
THE Guardian Trust Company of Cleveland, which failed, owing its depositors more than $100,000,000, had a hard time getting along for some time before the failure occurred. They felt it necessary to doctor up a statement for the public by listing $7,000,000 in outstanding checks as deposits. To keep from going to the wall they borrowed freely from tb^ Reconstruction Finance Corporation. After it was all over, the Ohio senate investigating committee discovered that the president of the trust company, in the year 1930, not only received a salary of $90,000, but, in addition, voted himself a bonus of $15,000, plus a Christmas gift of $3,750, a total of $108,750 for the year.
American Bankers Association
THE Chinese have a requirement that their banks must guarantee all deposits. If the bank fails, off comes the banker's head. But the bank does not fail. In America we do have one bank that guarantees deposits: that is the Postal Savings Bank, run by the Government. The American Bankers Association does not like the Chinese system of guaranteed deposits or the United States Government system of guaranteed deposits. It makes the banker too careful. It would seem that, with some 5,000 banks closed in the recent past, it might not be a bad idea to have some bankers in America that would really be interested in their depositors. Gambling with depositors’ money bids fair not to be so popular in future years as it has been in the past.
Points from Insurance Literature
THE stability of insurance companies rests in the fact that their investments are in all the economic interests of the nation, being first mortgages on farms, city property, railroads, utilities, and government bonds, carefully proportioned; they are distributed proportionately over every section of the country: there are ten to twenty thousand different investments on the books of every large insurance company; the securities mature at diverse times, so that a stream of maturities is constant; investments are made during favorable buying periods; the clients of the companies are scattered all over the country; there is an investment management devoted exclusively to choosing the safest and best investments.
The premium income of life insurance companies is steady even during the times of greatest depression, as is shown by the following table:
1927 . . $2,874,452,481
1928 . . 3.145,584,784
1929 . . 3,350,367,354 1930 . . 3,524,326,635 1931 . . 3,661,105,385
The life insurance income from dividends and rents is also steady in times of great depression, due to the reasons given in the first paragraph :
|
1927 |
. $ 798,698.958 |
|
1928 |
. 942,348,231 |
|
1929 |
. 986,370,916 |
|
1930 |
. 1,069,646,475 |
|
1931 |
. 1.189,270,565 |
Public Relief
New York City's Huge Relief Bill
IN THE first six months of 1933 New York city expended fifty million dollars in relief of her 201,647 destitute families. This population of exceeding one million persons is about double the number of persons on relief during the last half of 1932.
What a Strange Coincidence!
A MERICA is now suffering from banking crookedness surely dating from before the big crash in 1929, but the new administration finds, singularly, that the legislation on the books is such that while other forms of crookedness can be prosecuted any time within six years, in the case of bankers the prosecution must take place within three years.
Pennroad Corporation
THE Pennroad corporation, organized by Kuhn, Loeb & Company to evade the law, made over $5,840,000 for its organizers in about six months, and caused the investing public a loss of not less than $106,000,000. The Alleghany corporation, organized by the house of Morgan for similar reasons, resulted in a loss to investors of over $128,000,000.
Civilian Conservation Camps
SOME at least of the civilian conservation camps are being run as military establishments, and perhaps this is true of all of them. The officers are supplied with guns and ammunition, and each officer has a body-servant, picked from the men, to clean up for him and wait on him. These body-servants are paid by the government for forestry work, not for personal service to officers.
“Uneasy Lies the Head”
rpiIE Rochester chamber of commerce enumerated all the soft jobs in New York state: deputy athletic commissioner, $5,000; general manager of Palisades Interstate Parks, $12,000; fish and game superintendents and supervisors, and scores of other jobs at fabulous salaries; and then cruelly advises overworked and underpaid farmers and their wives, and other hard-beset taxpayers, to take such jobs instead of the less remunerative ones they now hold. All of which lends force to the proverb “Uneasy lies the head that wears the crown.”
Flood of Unwanted Money in Britain
FROM various corners of the world money to the amount of £400,000,000 has been piling into British banks for safe-keeping. This amount, of which at least one-fourth is from the United States, is deposited subject to immediate withdrawal, and is considered unwelcome money. The selection of England as the place for the deposit of these excess funds shows that the great financiers regard Britain as the safest place in the world.
Where Is the Money Coming From?
General Johnson is reported as saying, in effect, that the NRA plan will be a success by the middle of November, at which time he expects to resign and sit back and watch it work. One can but admire his energy, but perhaps it is allowed to inquire where the money is coming from that is going to meet all these increases in employment and payrolls. All are agreed that the banks cannot carry this load more than three months.
First Lady Sees for Herself
ON THE invitation of a Quaker organization, which has been doing relief work in West Virginia, Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt recently made a hurried automobile trip to Scott Run (W. Va.) mining district, there to see for herself homes in which a single cooking utensil serves as dishpan, water-bucket and bathtub, and to talk with women who keep their kiddies covered only with old clothing begged from door to door, and who walk ten miles a day to get work as domestics.
Governor Olson, of Minnesota
SPEAKING to a group of several hundred petitioners on the steps of the Minnesota state capitol, at St. Paul, Governor Olson said he is now making his last appeal to the legislature to make proper provision for the sufferers of the state who are in that condition through no fault of their own; that if the lawmakers do not respond he will declare martial law and take from the wealthy enough wealth to meet the necessities of the case, and that if the government refuses to do anything to prevent a recurrence of the present situation he hopes the present system of government will go right where the facts show it is fast going, i. e., to sheol, gehenna, h----!
Government in U. S.
A Glorified Bill-collecting Agency
eneral Smedley D. Butler, who has been on fourteen American army expeditions in Haiti and Nicaragua, recently made the statement in a public debate in New York city that ‘•the army is merely a glorified bill-collecting agency for capitalists”.
NRA Should Be Terminated Soon
roeessor Philiu Cabot, of Harvard University, in a speech before the Pennsylvania
Electric Association, advocated the early end of the NBA. He is reported as having said: “As an emergency measure this program was necessary and wise. But if we allow ourselves to be lulled to sleep by addresses of the president about the new deal and appeals for cooperation by the national administrator, we may wake up some morning in a new world. As practical men we should face the fact that in this crisis we have made a long step in the direction of fascism. Unless we are prepared to abandon the forms of government under which we have lived, we must see to it that this situation is terminated at the earliest possible moment.” These remarks of Professor Cabot would have been more acceptable if they had not been made by a college professor before a meeting of an electric association.
Dr. Thomas, President Emeritus of Bryn Mawr
octor M. Carey Thomas, seventy-six-year-old president emeritus of Bryn Mawr College, after eleven years of silence, summed up conditions recently in an address which would have been remarkable coming from a man, and is noteworthy indeed coming from an elderly woman. She said in part:
“Bad as democracy is, it has within itself the possibilities of reform. Beneficent as tyrants may be at first, as I believe Lenin and Stalin have been, tyrants have within themselves impulses that cannot fail to become tyrannical. Free speech, free thought, reform, growth, new ideas, become more and more intolerable to tyrants, and so must inevitably be stamped out by banishment, killings and machine guns. As we were betrayed in the great war by our politicians, diplomats, religious teachers, economists and governments, so now we are being betrayed by our great bankers, railway presidents, great industrialists and again by our economists and our governments. We are today in the grip of the sinister tentacles of the great octopus of capitalism, which has brought us to our present miserable state.”
Prosperity Prevents Lynching
TUDIES of the Southern Commission on the Study of Lynching show that periods of relative prosperity bring reduction in lynching and periods of depression cause an increase. How essential, then, the kingdom for which Jesus taught us to pray! The better the government, the less the crime.
87% Increase in Prisoners in 9 Years
TN THE nine years from 1923 to 1932 the num-T her of prisoners confined in State and Federal prisons increased from 84,7G1 to LIS,947. This is an increase of 87 percent. A little more than half of the institutions paid wages of 2c to 15c per day to prison workers; the others paid nothing. The principal articles produced were shirts, binder twine and automobile license tags. In Georgia $5,000,000 worth of road work was done. Hours of work ranged from 24 to over 60 per week.
Besides the foregoing, 44,014 were confined in county jails. With 30,000,000 families in the United States, and 202,961 persons in jail or prison, it follows that we have one percent of our families with some member' in durance vile every eighteen months.
The “Cheap Skate” Deputy
EW YORK city, in its marriage license bureau, maintains, at city expense, a good
place where persons desiring to be married may have the ceremonies performed. These marriages have been conducted by the deputy city clerk, whose salary is paid by the city. But with an eye to business this deputy, so it seems, has been abusing persons whose tips did not rise to amounts he considered proper. If one gave him nothing he was called “a cheap skate”. If one gave him $1 the tip was referred to, in the presence of the bride, as “one lousy buck”. A $2 tip was good for a “Thank you. God bless you.” And so on up. At length the income tax collectors heard about the big drawer full of money which he was accustomed to exhibit to prospective bridegrooms, as part of his tipcollecting program; an investigation was made, and it was found that the “cheap skate” deputy had received $69,000 in tips in two years, and $21,000 in interest on savings accounts in thirty-four banks, and had forgotten to report his pickings in income tax statements. Thus we have one more professional patriot deflated.
Tax-Exempt Properties
IT IS rather surprising to be told that in New York city there is five thousand million dollars’ worth of property that pays no taxes or other assessments, the property owners in general being compelled to pave all the streets and dig all the sewers for the tax-free properties.
New York Socialists Dodged the Hook
TL'ST when a fusion ticket in New York looked like a desirable thing the socialists discovered that the men who are behind the antiTammany movement are the same men who were behind Tammany itself, the bankers, utility magnates and landlords, and therefore decided to have no dealings with them, but to go it alone.
Mingo, Logan and Harlan Counties
FOR a generation Mingo and Logan counties, West Virginia, and Harlan county, Kentucky, have been known as places where it was all a man’s life was worth to join a labor union, but under the National Recovery Act these counties were unionized 100 percent. At Williamson, West Virginia, forty-two hundred miners joined the union at one meeting. This proves that their previous claims that they were being terrorized, and treated most unfairly, were true.
Novel Holdup in Union Square
IN THE very heart of New York city, in Union Square, in the month of April, three holdup men took entire charge of two bank messengers, bundled them into an automobile, and kept one of them there while the other was escorted into a bank to cash a $13,000 payroll check. The messengers were then taken to a vacant house on the lower east side and released. The holdup industry seems to be one of New York’s best lines.
United States Shipping Board
IN 1917 the United States Shipping Board made 106 ships, in 1918 it made 812 ships, and in 1919 it made 1,065 ships and was the greatest organization of its kind in the world, producing more shipping than all the rest of the world put together. It has just gone out of existence, having turned its last 38 ships over to the Department of Commerce. It had a record for graft unequaled in history. The “dollar-a-year” patriots that managed it turned out to be America’s most expensive luxury.
Rosika Schwimmer and Zangara
Rosika Schwimmer, world-famous Hungarian liberal, was denied citizenship in the United States because she would not bear arms. The same day her application for citizenship was rejected it was granted to Zangara because he said he would bear arms, and he did. He killed Cermak, one of the most capable mayors Chicago ever had, and tried to kill the president.
Eager to Kill Poultry Witnesses
THREE poultrymen in the Bronx (New’ York) had their place raided by seven racketeers, who were caught at their work of destruction, and arrested. The racketeers w’ere later released on small bail, and the poultrymen, at their own request, were locked up as material witnesses, on $250,000 bail each. The friends of the racketeers were so eager to get the witnesses out and kill them that they actually posted $75,-000, about $25,000 of it in cash, to gain them their freedom. The poultrymen preferred to remain in jail.
Bankruptcy of Self-Government
George AV. Wickersham, United States attorney general in President Taft’s cabinet, recently said: “The most significant thing in the world situation is the bankruptcy of self-government in many countries. France and England are practically the only countries in Europe in which democratic institutions survive. All the other countries are under dictatorships of one kind or another. The history of government is a series of more or less unsuccessful experiments. Governments cease to be successful when men cense to be tolerant. No doubt there is a growing intolerance here of difference of opinion.”
Origin of the NRA Emblem
THE artist who designed the NRA emblem evidently took for his model the thunder bird that topped Alaska’s totem polos and was carved in Arizona’s rocks. A description of the thunder bird says: “The fundamental concept of this myth is that there flies through the heavens a bird which, on account of its immense size, darkens the sky, the flapping of whose wings causes the thunder, the winking of whose eyes creates the lightning, the shaking of whose feathers scatters the rain, and the velocity of whose body produces the wind. Fair w’eather signifies that the bird is in good humor; bad w’eather that he is displeased.”
Percentages of Workers Unemployed
FORTY-EIGHT percent of the workers of
Holland were unemployed at the end of March, 43 percent of the workers of Denmark, 34 percent of the United States’, 33 percent of Germany’s, 32 percent of Austria’s, 25 percent of Switzerland’s, 23 percent of Britain’s, 22 percent of Belgium’s, and 21 percent of Czechoslovakia’s.
Kidnapings in the United States
IN THE sixteen months from March 1, 1932, to July 5, 1933, fifteen kidnapings occurred in the United States. The average length of time that the victims were restrained of their liberty was seven days, hut one of them, Mrs. Mary Skeele, of Los Angeles, was a prisoner 23 days.
Renovated Hats in New York City
THE Government has ordered nine hat companies doing business in New York to desist from selling made-over secondhand hats as new hats. At a test conducted by the Government it was found that even the most expert hatmakers are unable to distinguish the new felt hats from the old.
NRA Has Plenty of Teeth
THE National Recovery Act has plenty of teeth. When one has signed any code he must live up to his contract. Failure to do so carries with it a fine of $500 for each and every day’s violation. The president has the authority to make the rules and regulations for carrying out the law.
America May Have a New State
CITIZENS of the 55 counties of northwest
Texas, often called the Banhandle, with the three westernmost counties of Oklahoma, are agitating for a new state, with Amarillo as its capital. Seems like a good idea. Texas is too large and her interests too diverse to be governed economically.
The Official Secrets Bill
THE Official Secrets Bill, which passed the
House before its existence was known to the president, was so drawn that it could be used for giving a publisher ten years in jail and $10,000 fine for giving out and publishing unemployment statistics.through other than official channels.
Public Debt of the U.S.A.
ON JUNE 30 the public debt of the U.S.A, was $22,539,000,000, an increase of $3,052,000,000 in twelve months, and now only $4,057,000.000 from the all-time high debt of August, 1919. We do not hear so much in these days of the wonders accomplished in paying off the debt as wo once did.
Objections to Sales Tax
SOME of the objections offered to sales taxes are that when times are good the people respond to advertising, but when they are bad business falls off, the merchants curtail their advertising, the publishers put out smaller papers, and numerous men are laid off. The argument is made that the interests of the public, the publishers and the merchants are all contrary to a sales tax.
Likens the NRA to Bread Pills
William Travers Jerome, one-time famous district attorney of New York county, recently returned from a vacation in Europe, and on his arrival likened the NRA to a quack doctor feeding bread pills to a hysterical woman. He did suggest, however, that the bread pills will not hurt the hysterical woman, and if they will but get her out of her hysterics some good will have been done.
Kansas City Gangsters Out of Luck
FOUR Kansas City gangsters had just murdered a fifth one that they wanted out of the way. They did it in a down-town street, made a good job of it, and were getting away. Unfortunately for them a sheriff who is a dead shot saw the murder committed. In an instant he shot two of the assassins dead, a third gave up the fight and will be tried for murder, and the fourth alone escaped.
Three Badly Frightened Grave-Robbers
THE depression has affected even the graverobbing business. Three men were plying their trade at Nagyparente church, Budapest, Hungary. They got down to the coffin, pried up the lid, looking for jewels, when the lady surprised them by asking, “What do you want from me?” The fresh air revived her just in time. Now she is in a hospital, getting well, and one of the would-be grave-robbers is in jail and the police are looking for the other two.
Government Elsewhere
Cuba’s Strong-Arm Squad Destroyed
DURING Machado’s rule, a squad of strongarm men under his direction put to death hundreds of persons whom he desired out of the way. After his flight these men, well known to the people, were executed on the spot whcre-ever they chanced to he found.
Dispatches from Simla, India
CURRENT dispatches from Simla, India, are that there are 10,950 in Indian prisons for civil disobedience, 544 of whom are women; also that the Afghan village of Kotkai was bombed again by the Royal Air Force, after which the village was said to be in ruins. If a good job was done on the second bombing there may have been barely enough dogs left to finish eating the babies and old women that survived the general slaughter.
Settling of North Australia
TWO chartered British companies are expecting to bring about the settlement of North Australia. The territory of a half million square miles will be turned over to the two companies for a term of 100 years, to do as they please. In some of this country it has not rained in seven years; the temperature rises to 125 in the shade, yet when rain does fall the soil is so rich that in three weeks’ time the whole country becomes a garden of wild flowers and grass grows high enough to hide a man. A railway to cost £15,000,000 is projected. It is calculated that Australia can hold 50,000,000 people, which is eight times its present population.
Child Slavery in Ceylon
Sir John Harris, in the Manchester Guardian, reports slavery of a terrible type in Ceylon. Little children of four to six years of age are sold by parents, and there are cases where all efforts of the police and of society have failed to discover the whereabouts of these children once they are thus sold. Prosecutions in court have shown that they are often brutally flogged; sometimes they are burned with red-hot irons and firebrands; sometimes pins and needles are thrust between their finger nails and the flesh; sometimes hot peppers are rubbed into their eyes. They are usually overworked and underfed, and never receive any wages. A little girl of ten who refused the infamous proposals of her purchaser’s son was burned and branded.
Crime School Uncovered in London
SCOTLAND YARD detectives discovered in
London a college for the training of criminals. Among the features brought to light were carefully drawn maps of sections to be robbed, sharp-pronged tire-cutters which could be thrown in the path of pursuing cars, elaborate charts of how to avoid being rammed, fifty sets of number plates, material for smoke screens, and, finally, a hearse in which three men could, in a pinch, make a get-away in an emergency beneath a coffin ostentatiously shown in it.
: Amazing Civil Service Questions
A CANDIDATE for a government position reports the Civil Service Commissioners : at Burlington Gardens, London, England, as i asking him nine oral questions, every one of which indicated the government’s expectation and intention of establishing a dictatorship. Among the questions were: “What do you think of Mussolini’s successful dictatorship? Do you consider it possible that dictatorship could be assumed by some party or parties in this country?” “Suppose I assume that dictatorship becomes an accomplished fact in this country, we may take it that you would make yourself obedient to — possibly a military discipline — shall we say ?” To this we have only to add that coming events cast their shadows before, and it is seemingly the Devil’s desire to put the whole world under dictatorship rule.
Americans Unpopular in Cuba
THE reason why Americans are unpopular and unsafe in Cuba is that about everything in the island that is worth anything is in the hands of American financiers. United States sugar investments are put at $370,000,000, and dominate practically every major sugar plant on the island; power interests claim $125,000,000 investment; the telephone trust, $15,000,000; railways, $116,000,000. All together, the American investments total more than $1,250,000,000. To work the immense sugar estates their owners import every year cheap labor from adjacent islands, and this the Cubans much resent. The American contractors that built Cuban roads and other public works usually charged about twice what the work was worth. These contractors received the greater part of the Cuban bond sales floated in America by the National City and Chase National banks.
World-wide War on Crime
THE International World Police, with Police Commissioner James S. Bolan, of New York city, as its first president, will ignore all frontiers and pursue their hunts for criminals wherever they may be found. It is probable that one headquarters will be established in Washington and the other in Geneva or Vienna.
British Arms Man Chased Out of Turkey
BELIEVING it not for the best interests of
Turkey to have a Vickers-Armstrong man in the country, the Turkish government ordered the British representative of this firm of international trouble-makers to pack up and get out on short notice. He arrived in the morning and was told to get out the same night. Turkey would like to live in peace.
Brazilian Items
BRAZIL wants thirty new warships, and before the close of the year hopes to find some shipbuilder that will construct them and take his pay in coffee, manganese and other Brazilian products. Phonetic spelling is being pushed, and schoolbooks containing the old spelling will be barred from public institutions and schools recognized by the government after January 1, 1935.
Reign of Terror in India
PERSONS suspected of political crime in India are now tried in secret, without witnesses, without lawyers, and sometimes without being present themselves; their property may be confiscated; they may be compelled to live in certain districts; the use of public vehicles may be forbidden them; a whole village may be punished for the offense of one person; censorship prevails.
Some Sensible Rules of Mussolini
SOME sensible rules of Mussolini are that officials must dress plainly, frequent the homes of the working classes, keep regular office hours, lend a sympathetic ear to the cries of the poor, and walk rather than ride. All ostentatious displays of wealth must be avoided. Those who are actuated by the correct principle that all members of the human family have certain mutual rights which every member is morally bound to observe will readily appreciate such rules and put them into practice.
Costs of War
IN THE World War 9,998,771 soldiers were killed or died and 20,297,551 were wounded.
While the war was at its height the daily cost was $224,000,000. Even now, while the nations are at peace, the war cost is more than $10,000,000 per day. Out of a total United States budget of $3,500,000,000, only $545,000,000 is to be expended on civil functions of the government, while all the rest goes to pay for past and future wars.
The Fascist Thirty-Cent Stamp
TTY IE Fascist thirty-cent stamp contains in its J- center an open Bible standing on a Bible, with the word Evangeliiini (Gospel) printed across the left-hand page. Behind the Bible stands a cross. The Fascist emblems are on one side, and those of the house of Savoy on the other. At the bottom is the word Credere (Believe). The stamp is said to have been issued under the personal supervision of Mussolini, and it does not look as if he had left anything out.
French Arms Exports Up
OFFICIAL reports published in France show that arms exports for the first half of 1933 are 50 percent larger than for the same period of 1932. The bulk of the exports this year went to China, Japan, South America and Central America. France has just disturbed China, Japan and the United States by seizing seven islands off the Philippines which are so small that the United States did not even know they existed. None of them is more than three-fourths of a mile long, or more than eight feet above the sea. They are mere coral reefs.
Morgenthau Thinks War Inevitable
Henry Morgenthau, the head of the American delegation to the International Wheat Conference, held in London at the time of the World Economic Conference, while admitting that the masses of Europe do not want war, said: "War in Europe is imminent and inevitable. The fear of war hung over the heads of every country’s delegation to the World Economic Conference and conditions now are similar to those in 1913. There is no sincere desire for permanent peace in Europe. Those in power want peace now, but only so that they may prepare for the war that is coming.-’
Minnesota’s Drying Lakes
THE normal rainfall of Minnesota is 282 inches ; of this amount 20 inches goes for evaporation, plant life and deep seepage. The remaining 8| inches is for maintenance of lakes and rivers. If less than that amount the lakes and rivers are not maintained, and that is happening now. There have been fourteen relatively dry seasons in succession and many Minnesota lakes are at the lowest levels in their history.
Possibilities in Hybrid Nuts
A WEALTHY man who recently died in the vicinity of New York city had made about 7,500 crosses of nut varieties, about half of which were turned over to the United States department of agriculture. Among the hybrids which he owned were a hickory-pecan tree which bore nuts two and one-half inches in diameter.
All They Needed Was a Chance
SINCE January, 1932, the city of Columbus, Georgia, has placed 198 families on unoccupied farms, equipped with farmhouses, stock and tools. Some assistance was at first given in the matter of provisions and of vegetable seed. The experiment proved a complete success. Only three of the families returned to the city; the others are making a go of it.
The Desert Blossoming
A FRIEND writes us from Paducah, Texas, that a remarkable change has taken place in western Texas during the last few years. As he was recently driving westward he passed over a very poor country where for miles and miles it had in the past never produced anything like pasturage, and very few weeds.
Now he finds the earth covered with the most beautiful flowers of many different kinds, spread out like a covering over the once barren land. Old-timers told him that never before have they known anything like this. Even in old, worn-out roads, where there was not one particle of soil, the flowers were just as beautiful as if they were grown in a hotbed.
There is a reason for this marvelous change, and only a few people know what it is. Literally the desert has begun to blossom like the rose, thus giving another witness to the rapid approach of the kingdom for which God’s people have for centuries prayed: '‘Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.”
Fertilizers with Every Rain
CANADIAN scientists, studying fertilizers in the air, have discovered that falling rains and falling snows make the earth rich by washing down nitric acid from the air. When much coal is burned, the air becomes rich with nitric ammonia. The ammonia in the air is increased by a big forest fire.
Farmers Receive One-Eighth
rpiIE farmers receive one-eighth of the national income, and with that one-eighth they buy one-eighth of the diversified products of the nation. The idea that in some mysterious way they have the power to buy beyond their income is quite wrong. If the recovery of the nation depends entirely upon what the farmer is going to buy, then it is not going to recover.
Better Method of Branding Cattle
THE merciful and humane will be glad to know that the old method of branding cattle with hot irons is passing out. A new and better method, of etching the design into the hide by means of chemicals, is said to be painless. There may be some question about the painlessness of it, but, anyway, it seems as if it might be less cruel.
Why Farmers Get Nothing for Milk
WHY farmers get next to nothing for milk is readily comprehended when one considers that until recently the president of the National Dairy Products Company received a salary of $180,000 a year, and yet that last year the company netted $12,000,000 after $18,000,000 of profits had been written off to avoid income taxes. The milk business, for the big distributors, is so profitable that it paid the abovenamed concern to purchase in Washington, for the sum of $4,250,000, the plant of the Chestnut Farm Dairy which was valued at only $1,65G,-000. Another reason why the farmers get next to nothing for their milk is that officials of the cooperatives, supposedly organized to protect the interests of the producers, are guilty of making marketing agreements antagonistic to the interests of the farmers. Only an imbecile could be convinced that a dealer in Chicago can sell milk for (ijc and make money, while one in Philadelphia must have 14c; and yet the producer in the latter case receives no more than in the former, and in either case is inadequately repaid for his work.
Telling Time by a Pudsey Toad
IT IS of record that when an inhabitant of Pudsey, England, first saw a watch, he pronounced it alive and expressed the opinion that it was a new form of toad; hence, in certain parts of England, the watch is called a “Pudsey toad” to this day.
California’s Mysterious Mountain
CALIFORNIA has a mountain 7,500 feet high and ten miles long rising from a valley that nobody has ever been able to visit. The mountain is located 52 miles out in the Pacific ocean, and its top is some 2,500 feet beneath the ocean’s waves.
Possibility of Reversed Refrigeration
SCIENTISTS are experimenting with reversed refrigeration. The same apparatus that is used to keep a house cool in summer is used to keep it warm in winter, by operating it in the reverse direction. Experiments already made show that by this method about four times as much heat is produced indoors as if the electricity were directly converted into heat.
Feats of the Electric Eye
WAITERS with trays of food, or workmen with trucks of materials, no longer need to open or close doors in restaurants or factories. In an instant, when the line of light is intercepted, the door flies open, and when another point is passed the door is automatically closed. In the Holland tunnel one eye counts all cars entering, and another all cars leaving. A third machine automatically subtracts, so that there is constantly available a record of the cars actually in the tunnel.
Volcano 100,000,000 Years Old
A PRINCETON professor has discovered a volcano in Montana which he says is 100,000,000 years old. The accepted way of establishing the age of a volcano is to find out how old it was the last time it was discovered, and then add one cipher every time it is discovered subsequently. In this way the figures pile up until they are really impressive. Suppose, now, that a professor sliould find a volcano that is only 10,000 years old; the next man that comes along adds a cipher, and anybody can see that he is ten times as important a professor as the first one. Why have ciphers and not use them ?
Butterflies Enjoy Colors
QUITE recently a German student discovered that butterflies come to flowers because they enjoy the colors of them. He mixed artificial flowers with natural flowers and watched the results. The yellow, blue and purple colors attracted the butterflies; but the green ones, not at all.
3,000 Pictures per Second
AN ULTRA-HIGH-SPEED timing camera that can take 3,000 pictures per second shows that it takes 11/100 of a second to wink the eye, 13/100 of a second to react to a brilliant flash in front of it, and 26/100 of a second for a rubber balloon to explode on being touched with a match.
Bees Avoid Contaminated Honey
WE EXTRACTED honey two weeks ago,” said M. H. Walker, of Florida. “I made use of an aluminum dishpan. A little bit of honey got into it. I put it out for the bees to clean it up, but they refused to touch it, although they cleaned up everything else. They went into the pan, but came out immediately without touching the honey.”
Sensitive to Radio Waves
A DAIRYMAN in Enumclaw, Washington, is so sensitive to radio waves that when his children turn on the radio in the evening it is necessary for him to be grounded to a water pipe to avoid extreme pain. Some years ago a supersensitive subscriber in California wrote us that at times he was able to hear the government’s radio signals direct, without the intervention of any radio apparatus whatever.
Wonderful Experiments with Pigs
THAT surely is a wonderful experiment the government made with pigs, the last week in August and throughout September: 100,000 pigs a day, and 25,000 sows, each estimated to have six unborn piglets, were put to death at government expense, thus taking, all told, some 11,000,000 pigs off next year's crop. The government paid from $6 to $9.50 per 100 pounds for the porkers. The lighter pigs will be worked up into fertilizer, and the others will be distributed to the poor. At least they will if nobody does any grafting. All this should certainly make the price of bacon high enough next spring to suit those who want to see the price boosted.
No Aluminum Welding
A SUBSCRIBER writes: “Anyone caught acetylene welding on aluminum in the Southern Pacific R. R. shops in Sacramento (perhaps elsewhere also) is under threat of instant dismissal, as the fumes are deadly.”
Whole-Wheat Cereal
SAYS C. A. Pike, of North Carolina: “Fill saucepan or pot three-fourths full of water with a little salt in it. Put on fire and heat to nearly boiling point. Stir in whole-wheat flour, a little at a time, stirring constantly till it thickens up to right consistency. Cook twenty-five to thirty minutes. Serve like oatmeal, with sugar and cream or milk.”
The Way Dr. Zinsser Puts It
REFERRING to the mania which some so-called “scientists” have for what is really barren, unproductive research (of which vivisection furnishes so many thousands of terrible illustrations) Dr. Hans Zinsser puts it in a way that will make anybody laugh that has a laugh still left: He says: “In well equipped laboratories many a man and woman is patiently sitting on a lifeless idea like a hen on a boiled egg.”
Cigarettes and Mental Instability
DID you know,” says M. L. Turner, M.D., of
Florida, “that there had been a 500-percent increase in the use of cigarettes, which undoubtedly is a factor (predisposing if not promoting) in the increase of mental upsets, 468 percent? Enfeebled constitutions, inherited from fashionable mothers, cannot stand up under tobacco, booze and our civilized noises, autos, etc. Mental upsets (instability) are not desirable, even if they last anywhere from a month to a year.”
Sleeping Sickness Spreading in America
SLEEPING sickness is spreading rapidly in America. The papers abound with the great things that the medical fraternity have done or are about to do to curb its progress. May we make a suggestion? Just try abstaining for a while from inoculating the human system with vaccines containing nobody knows what, and the sleeping sickness will disappear. There is not a vaccinator on earth who knows what the vaccines which he scratches into the human blood stream contain, or what harm they may do.
Toxin-Antitoxin Admittedly No Good
THE scarlet fever and whooping cough serums having gone by the board, we now learn that toxin-antitoxin, once heralded as safe and harmless, causes fevers and makes the patients ill with other after-effects, and has been abandoned for a new serum called toxoid, now being widely pushed by the serum manufacturers. Thus do the idols, one after another, tumble into the mud.
Best Place for Babies to Be Born
A MERIC AN MEDICINE, January 1931, page 29, in an article entitled “What Price Patients?” makes the following interesting observation :
Babies should not be born in hospitals! Babies should be born in homes! In 100 years mother and babe mortality in hospitals has not been lowered, while mother aud babe mortality in homes has been lowered half. It gives us pause.
Three Years of Misery Ended
FOR three years,” said F. E. Coulter, of Oregon, “I suffered from inflammation of the bladder. Your remarks about aluminum utensils opened my eyes. I don’t see how I have been such a fool for years. For two months we have used no aluminum. Result: I am entirely well, after three years of misery. Took no medicine since I cut out the aluminum. More power to you!”
What Stopped the Vomiting
AFTER reading the July 23 (1930) issue of
The Golden Age,” said Mrs. H. D. Warren, of Texas, “we discarded all aluminum cooking utensils. Am happy to say the health of our entire family has improved. My little daughter and myself were subject to frequent vomiting spells; she has vomited only once since we made the change in cooking utensils, and my sick spells are getting farther and farther apart.”
No More Mouth Cankers
MY FOUR children and I were subject to mouth cankers for four years,” said Mrs.
L. P. Fogarty, of Alberta. “My ten-year-old boy had them down his throat as far as one could see. They rapidly got more severe and larger. A year ago I discarded all aluminum (my kitchen was full of it), and the cankers, as well as our continual tonsilitis attacks, are a thing of the past.”
World Digs for Water to Drink
TT IS the year 1933 (A.D.). The darkness over the earth is gross, almost pitch black. As the earth’s inhabitants grope around in the darkness, to them it is so dense that they can feel it. In the houses and minds of a few people on earth, Jehovah’s witnesses, there is light, and some of the people of earth, people of good will, catch some of the light that is reflected by these witnesses. (Suddenly there is flash of lightning, another one of those frequent flashes of spiritual lightning which have flamed forth from the very temple of God Jehovah for the past fifteen years. This recent zigzagging stream of lightning lights up all quarters of the earth and causes a brighter illumination of the whole world situation.
Look! see that international gathering of men over there in London, at the World Monetary and Economic Conference? Yes, but what are they doing? Digging! What! those statesmen and representatives of sixty-six nations of earth digging? Yes; for can’t you see that their tongues are hanging out for thirst, and the great stream of world commercialism is turned to blood and stinks, and these men are famished for water to drink? In the various countries from which these men have come they have had great diggings for water, especially since A.D. 1924, but only bloody waters have responded to their spades and steam shovels; and that’s why they are there at the world’s greatest city, London. If they can’t get pure water, capitalism, nay, more, ‘‘civilization,” so called, will dry up and die miserably! Ah, can’t you see now ? this is nothing but a reenactment on a complete and world-wide scale of a great prophetic event down in the land of Ham, Egypt, thirty-five hundred years ago. That ancient Egypt, and its haughty Pharaoh, and its Nile river winding along like a great dragon, find their antitypes or parallel fulfilments in our own modern day.
Back there the great God of the universe, Jehovah, had sent the Hebrew prophet Moses down into Egypt to serve notice of His purposes upon Pharaoh and to lead forth God’s chosen nation of Israel out of the house of bondage in Egypt. In sending Moses to Egypt and using him in connection with the Israelites Jehovah used certain things and creatures which symbolically represented greater things to come. Moses represented or foreshadowed Jesus Christ at times. In fact, God caused Moses himself to write: “The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken.” (Deuteronomy 18:15) Confirming this statement, Jesus said: “Moses . . . wrote of me.” (John 5: 4G) Accordingly Peter, an apostle of Jesus, testified that Moses was a type of Christ Jesus.—Acts 3: 22.
Pharaoh and his organized world power, Egypt, pictured or represented Satan and his cruel organization. It was in Egypt, the symbol of Satan’s world, that the Israelites, God’s chosen people, were domiciled, having been sent there by Jehovah that His purpose might bo carried out. The Israelites primarily represented Jehovah’s chosen people in Christ; and secondly, all of those who take their stand on the side of Jehovah God and who maintain their integrity toward Him. Jehovah gave three signs for Moses to perform before the Israelites, and Moses’ brother, Aaron, was associated with him therein. Two of those signs were performed before Pharaoh. Jehovah would first supply the evidence and convince the Israelites that He had sent Moses to them, and then He would also give proof to Pharaoh, this to be a warning to Pharaoh and his organization. Both the Israelites and Pharaoh must know that Jehovah is the Almighty God. Both the people of Jehovah and those of Satan’s organization must now be informed that Jehovah is God.
The first sign was the rod of Moses which was thrown to the ground and became a serpent. That sign pictures how, in A.D. 1914, at the end of the time of Satan’s rule over earth without divine interference, Christ Jesus is sent forth to begin His reign and He extends or projects His active all-power to things pertaining to the earth. Thus He did when the war in heaven took place, resulting in the casting of Satan and his angels down to the earth. Now there is but one center of disturbance, to wit, the earth, where Christ Jesus keeps a watchful eye upon the enemy and by His power holds the enemy in restraint until God’s due time for the enemy and his organization to be destroyed.
The second sign was that of smiting the hand of Moses with leprosy and thereafter healing it. But the third sign is of peculiar interest to commercial “Christendom” today. Said the Lord God to Moses: “And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe also these two signs, neither hearken unto thy voice, that thou shalt take of the water of the river, and pour it upon the dry land: and the water which thou takest out of the river shall become blood upon the dry land.’’ —Exodus 4: 9.
It was out of the river Nile that Moses took the sample of water. Egypt depended upon that river for her wealth, business and commerce, and hence it pictured particularly the commercial part of Satan's organization. The Devil, as pictured by Pharaoh, claimed that he made that ‘ river” and that it belonged to him. (Ezekiel 29:1-3) It was chiefly the commercial support of Satan's organization. It was chiefly the commercial element that Satan used to bring about and carry on the World War. The commercial part of his organization has afflicted the world with its doctrines or propaganda, and it is Satan’s commercial element that is chiefly responsible for the economic difficulties and depression now upon the people, causing them much distress and suffering.
In the picture Moses took up the water out of the Nile and poured it on the dry ground; and now the Greater Moses, Christ Jesus, and also those of His organization, take a-sample of Satan’s commercial organization, represented by the water, and give attention thereto. As the people of ancient Egypt thought the Nile waters were good for drinking purposes, so the people of the world, including many of the consecrated people of God, have thought that the commerce of the world is vitally essential and is refreshing and life-sustaining; and hence some of the Lord's people have engaged in the commerce of the world (presumably to "make money to support the Lord’s cause") and later have come to sorrow.
The water which Moses took out of the Nile he poured upon the dry land. At that time many people who were no part of the official organization resided in Egypt. Today there are many in the world who form no part of the official organization of Satan and who are completely out of heart sympathy with that organization. These include that class of consecrated people who will yet have to go through “great tribulation” to prove acceptable to Jehovah (Revelation 7: 9-14), and also the class of people often mentioned as “people of good will”. Seeing that the Scriptures mention the “dry land” in contrast with the “sea”, the “dry land” would well represent both the consecrated people and those order-loving people on earth who have a sincere desire to see righteousness established among men.—Haggai 2: 6, 7.
The performance of the three signs was primarily for the purpose of establishing the faith of the Israelites, who foreshadowed God’s covenant people now on earth; and the performance of two of these signs before Pharaoh and his court was secondarily for the purpose of serving notice upon Satan's representatives. Correspondingly, Jehovah has recently first shown His anointed people that commerce is the mainstay of Satan’s visible or earthly organization, and this Jehovah has done in order that the people of God might be strong in faith and active in proclaiming the divine truth against that commercial part of the enemy organization. This proves that Jehovah’s witnesses must pour the truth upon the “dry land”, that is, upon the consecrated and the order-loving people; they must do so in the presence and hearing of Satan’s representatives in order that all may have an opportunity to know that Jehovah is God. Jehovah’s anointed people do now know that the commerce of the world is not life-sustaining; the people of good will and disposed toward God's kingdom are learning the same thing.
To Moses Jehovah said: “The water which thou takest out of the river shall become blood upon the dry land.” Thus today Jehovah shows His people, and those of good will, that commerce originated with the Devil, that it is the most powerful part of Satan’s organization visible, and that Satan has employed it to carry on his bloody and death-dealing work for centuries past upon the nations of the world. This being true, that “water” is not fit to drink, and those who are in a covenant with God to do His will and yet who drink that “water” shall die, and not live. Not only the consecrated ones, but also the people of good will, see that if they would live they must flee from Satan’s oppressive organization and take their stand on Jehovah's side. For the benefit of His covenant people Jehovah caused to be written: “But they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition. For the love of money is the root of all evil; which while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.”—1 Timothy 6: 9,10.
The fact that commerce or big business is a part of Satan’s organization and is oppressive and death-dealing Jehovah began to make known to His people first in 1927, as the historic facts show.
Jehovah’s covenant people have believed and rejoiced in these great truths that have come to them by His grace, and now the Lord emphasizes the necessity for them to use these ways and means which He has given them and to bear substantially these truths before the rulers of the world. Moses and Aaron duly appeared before Pharaoh and performed the first sign, which only angered Pharaoh and hardened his heart. Then Moses performed the third sign before Pharaoh, which sign proved, in fact, to be the first one of the ten plagues which came upon Egypt.
Jehovah told Moses that Pharaoh would defy the first sign and refuse to let the Israelites depart out of Egypt. Then to Moses Jehovah said: “Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning; lo, he goeth out unto the water; and thou shalt stand by the river’s brink against he come; and the rod which was turned to a serpent shalt thou take in thine hand.” (Exodus 7:15) The rod which Moses had used before Pharaoh to perform the first sign he was now told by Jehovah to take in his hand and to stand by the brink of the river Nile. The use of that rod pictured the great Vindicator of Jehovah’s name, Christ Jesus, as carrying into operation the purpose of Jehovah by virtue of the power and authority which Jehovah had delegated to Christ Jesus.
The appearing of Aaron before Pharaoh, and his acting under the instructions of Moses, pictured Jehovah’s witnesses on earth proceeding under the direction of the Greater Moses, Christ Jesus, to appear before the Devil and his organization and to serve notice of God’s purpose to take action against that wicked organization.
On encountering Pharaoh at the river’s brink Moses, according to God’s instructions, was to say: “The Lord God of the Hebrews hath sent me unto thee, saying, Let my people go, that they may serve me in the wilderness: and, behold, hitherto thou wouldest not hear. Thus saith the Lord, In this thou shalt know that I am the Lord: behold, I will smite with the rod that is in mine hand upon the waters which are in the river, and they shall be turned to blood. And the fish that is in the river shall die, and the river shall stink; and the Egyptians shall loathe to drink of the water of the river. And the Lord spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and stretch out thine hand upon the waters of Egypt, upon their streams, upon their rivers, and upon their ponds, and upon all their pools of water, that they may become blood; and that there may be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood, and in vessels of stone. And Moses and Aaron did so, as the Lord commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his seiwants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood. And the fish that was in the river died; and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink of the water of the river; and there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt.”—Exodus 7: 1G-2L
As a modern parallel of this, Jehovah by His “Hand”, Christ Jesus, now sends forth His witnesses, His “remnant”, to bear His testimony before the peoples of the world and to serve notice upon the rulers that the time has come for the people of God to go to the mount of God, that is to say, to the Kingdom, and to give their allegiance to Jehovah; and to tell them that God’s kingdom is the only hope for the world, and that Satan and his organization must cease to hold the people in subjection and bondage. In the performance of the third sign before Pharaoh Jehovah foretold that the loathsomeness of commercialism would be made to appear before the people and the rulers. The pouring of the water upon the dry ground shows to those who have the hearing ear that commercialism is death-dealing and is dead, and cannot lift the people out of the great depression which Satan has brought upon them. It is of significance that the part of Egypt known as “the land of Goshen”, where the Israelites were then domiciled, was not spared from the plague of blood on the ground; and this would seem to clearly teach that the people of God on earth are not spared from the effects of the great commercial depression that is now upon the world. This is exactly in accord with the facts as they now exist. It was only with the coming of the fourth plague upon Egypt that the land of Goshen was severed or separated from the effects of the plagues which Jehovah sent upon Egypt.—Exodus 8: 22.
The fulfilment of the prophetic picture made by Moses and Aaron before Pharaoh has at least begun, and there is much evidence to show that the same has been fulfilled. When Jehovah turned the waters of the Nile into blood, that was notice to Pharaoh, and hence to Satan and his organization, that commerce is done for, and is as good as dead. This was the third sign, and corresponded with what is described in the book The Revelation respecting the vial and the trumpet used by the third angel of a group of seven. The Revelation says: “And the third angel poured out his vial upon the rivers and fountains of waters; and they became blood. And I heard the angel of the waters say, Thou art righteous, 0 Lord, which art, and wast, and shalt be, because thou hast judged thus. For they [“Christendom’s” rulers] have shed the blood of saints and prophets, and thou hast given them blood to drink; for they are worthy [to have to drink it]. And I heard another out of the altar say, Even so, Lord God Almighty, true and righteous are thy judgments.” (Revelation 16:4-7) “And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters; and the name of the star [the Devil] is called Worm-■wood; and the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter.” (Revelation 8: 10,11) These prophecies began to have fulfilment as recently as A.D. 1924, the year of a great gathering of Jehovah’s witnesses from many countries of the world at Columbus, Ohio, U. S. A. That was five years before the financial crash came upon the world, in 1929; and issuing forth from that Columbus convention the warning to Satan and his organization was given in the form of a resolution termed “An Indictment” and an accompanying speech, widely published in many lands, declaring that “civilization is doomed”.
Satan’s organization never contained life-giving waters, although the people had been induced to believe that commerce is essential to the sustaining of life and the welfare of the nation. The water poured out and turning to blood upon the dry ground in Egypt pictured how the policies and methods of commercialism have deluged the nations of the earth with blood shed in violation of Jehovah’s everlasting covenant concerning blood (Genesis 9:1-6), and hence the death-dealing influence upon the peoples. For this reason commercialism as a part of Satan’s organization is doomed to complete destruction. What Jehovah has been doing thus far is to have His testimony declared to the rulers and to the people, to show them that commerce, as well as other parts of Satan’s organization, is without power to give life and blessings to the people. Jehovah’s witnesses are now doing theii* part in declaring this testimony, and later Jehovah, by His executive officer, Christ Jesus, will destroy the entire organization of the enemy.
Note that the express purpose of performing the first and third signs is that the rulers and the people may receive notice. “Thus saith the Lord [to Pharaoh and Satan], In this thou shalt know that I am [Jehovah].” This is further proof that Jehovah’s witnesses must continue to declare the testimony of Jehovah until every part of Satan’s organization goes down.
As Pharaoh the Devil’s representative was supported by his magicians, even so now with the Devil and his representatives on the earth, who attempt to counteract the effect of the testimony of Jehovah. The record (Exodus 7: 22, 23) says: “And the magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments: and Pharaob’s heart was hardened, neither did he hearken unto [Moses and Aaron]; as the Lord had said. And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he set his heart to this also.” Today the clergy “magicians” of Satan’s organization make the waters of truth to appear bloody by teaching the rulers their allies, and the people that will listen to them, that the business depression and suffering upon the people is a punishment from God sent upon them because of their unfaithfulness in supporting religious systems. To this effect the pope recently made a public statement, and millions of people are induced to believe such false statement. The result is what Satan desires, namely, the turning of the people away from God. The clergy and the other allies in wrongdoing now display their hardness of heart by crying out that Jehovah’s witnesses are engaged in a commercial enterprise of selling books for pecuniary profit, and that by going from house to house to give the testimony and doing this without obtaining a license from worldly authority these witnesses are violating the commercial laws of the land. In this manner the modern magicians attempt to turn the waters of Jehovah’s testimony now being delivered by His witnesses into that which is deathdealing.
Jehovah’s witnesses serve the rulers with notice which is Jehovah’s testimony that their commerce, as well as all other parts of the worldly organization, will shortly be destroyed by the Lord. The political magicians cooperating with their allies threaten the destruction of Jehovah’s witnesses and their work, and declare that it is a menace and hence death-dealing to the people. Big Business magicians are now desperately trying to work magic before the Devil. They claim that there are regular periods of depression and prosperity, and that business moves in cycles, and that within a short time now prosperity will come again; hence they have sent forth the expression commonly heard: “Prosperity is just around the corner, and will soon be present.” The claim of big business is that these financial depressions are necessary evils (symbolized by blood) and will ultimately result in good. Every part of Satan’s organization discredits Jehovah and His kingdom, while Jehovah’s witnesses continue to tell the people that the kingdom of God is the only hope of mankind. The commercial, political and religious elements of Satan’s visible organization attempt to prove to the people that they have power to rule and to remedy the present evil conditions, and they continue thus to cast reproach upon Jehovah’s name.
Digging for Water
All the rulers of the earth, big business, politicians and clergy, and those that support them are now desperately digging for ways and means to sustain their organization and to pull them out of the hole. This was particularly foreshadowed by what the Egyptians did, as it is written (Exodus 7:24): “And all the Egyptians digged round about the river for water to drink; for they could not drink of the water of the river.” The world is full of unemployment, and men in every commercial enterprise are desperately seeking if they can find the means to sustain life. Since the beginning of the financial depression, in 1929, many makeshifts have been brought forward by the wise ones or magicians of the world in their efforts to dispel the depression, which has resulted from the bloody waters of commerce. These schemes or plans consist of moratoriums, reconstruction, finance corporations ostensibly organized to help the people, but in fact to keep the head of big business above the waves, that it may survive and not die. Conferences are held by the representatives of nations, coalition governments are organized, and divers and numerous suggestions made as to how “water” that is now blood or death-dealing may be made pure and life-sustaining.
Among the latest things that have been brought forward is that satanic scheme of “technocracy”, which offers a new system to replace the world’s worn-out economic machinery. The new system suggests that nobody work more than two hours a day and everybody would be happy and comfortable. Of course, this is a pure delusion, as Jehovah’s witnesses well know. Other schemes or plans advanced are such things as a campaign of buying and only of goods produced by one’s own nation, tax-sales law, repeal of prohibition, the manufacture and sale of beer, and the hypocritical scheme known as “The National Economy League”. All these things, of course, ignore Jehovah God and give no heed to the repeated proclamations of truth that the present depression is the result of the end of Satan’s world, and that he has forced this condition upon the world for the purpose of turning the people away from Jehovah, and that the only sure and adequate remedy for mankind is the kingdom of Jehovah under Christ Jesus.
Jehovah is in no manner responsible for the trouble that the world is now experiencing. The turning of the waters of the Nile into blood was not Jehovah’s curse upon the waters, nor did it illustrate or picture any curse from Him upon the nations now. Jehovah sent Moses and Aaron to Egypt for the express purpose of bearing His testimony before the rulers and the people to show them that He is the Almighty God, the Most Iligh over all the earth. The signs performed before Pharaoh were for that very purpose, that Pharaoh and his organization might know that Jehovah is God, and might let God’s people go to God’s mountain. The testimony of Jehovah now being delivered by His witnesses is not God’s curse or expression of His wrath, but rather notice for the information and warning of the rulers and the people that Jehovah is God, that Satan’s time is at an end, and that Satan’s schemes are death-dealing, and that if Satan does not relinquish his power to rule Jehovah will shortly destroy his organization. As Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and God permitted him to remain in power for a time, even so now Jehovah permits Satan’s wicked organi-
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By Judge Rutherford
TN A FASCINATING discussion of Zechariah’s re-"*■ markable prophecy there is set forth the real cause of the world's distress and the manner in which the age-old struggle between good and evil will be permanently settled. Christ Jesus, as the great general of the God of truth, Jehovah, leads the forces of righteousness, while Gog, the representative of Satan, leads the formidable hosts of the wicked. The greatest conflict of the ages ensues and—
the remainder of the story is told in the book, which closely follows the inspired account and traces the fulfilment of the prophetic testimony.
The book contains a facsimile of a letter
I written in Judge Rutherford’s own hand,
extending a message of encouragement to those who are determined to be faithful to God, Jehovah, in this time of stress. Use g the coupon and enclose 50c for a copy of
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Ui’iinnirt , i>n milt n< n mi vi hi m n iit> i.i> । 1 imm imiimimn.itbiiiibibiiiiniiiiim iiinnibi'inmi mbiiinmiitiiuiiiiiiiiimibiibiiinbi.iniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitniiiiiiimiirniiiiiiiHiuiiiiiiiuiiiiiiifitmiiiUHiiiiil
THE WATCH TOWER
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Ill A CEASE send to the address below the author's edition of Judge Ruther-
I cJ ford's latest book, PREPARATION, which I understand contains facsimile letter written by the author. 1 enclose a money order for 50e.
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