DO THE FACTS PROVE EVOLUTION OR CREATION?

A clear and accurate answer

German Rearmament Scares France

Her fears are for her own safety

Juvenile Lawlessness

Respect for authority would reduce delinquency

Why Join the Easter Parade?

Its origin will astonish you

THE MISSION OF THIS JOURNAL

News sources that are able to keep you awake to the vital issues of our times must be unfettered by censorship and selfish interests. “Awake 1” has no fetters. It recognizes facts, faces facts, is free to publish facts. It is not bound by political ambitions or obligations; it is unhampered by advertisers whose toes must not be trodden on; it is unprejudiced by traditional creeds. This journal keeps itself free that it may speak freely to you. But it does not abuse its freedom. It maintains integrity to truth.

“Awake I” uses the regular news channels, but is not dependent on them. Its own correspondents are on all continents, in scores of nations. From the four corners of the earth their uncensored, on-the-scenes reports come to you through these columns. This journal*® viewpoint is not narrow, but is international. It is read in many nations, in many languages, by persons of all ages. Through its pages many fields of knowledge pass in review—government, commerce, religion, history, geography, science, social conditions, natural wonders—why, its coverage is as broad as the earijh and as high as the heavens.

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CONTENTS

Prejudice and Fanaticism Go to Court

Do the Facts Prove Evolution or Creation? 4

Retreat Before Advancing Knowledge

The Bible Fits the Facts

German Rearmament Scares France

Stop, Look and Live!

Sunbeams Fulfill Milady’s Dreams

Solar Houses Today

Outstanding Assemblies for 1955

Novel Tourniquet

Why Women's Clothes Are Expensive

Juvenile Lawlessness

Right Training Starts at Home

“Your Word Is Truth”

Why Join the Easter Parade?

Jehovah's Witnesses Preach in All

the Earth—Great Britain and Eire

Do You Know?

Prejudice and Fanaticism Go to Court

IT WAS in July, 1925. It was in Dayton, Tennessee. Court was in session. Not in the courthouse—the crowds were too big. Court had been moved out ontp the lawn and hundreds of persons spread out from the platform that had been built under the maple trees. All eyes were focused on the two orators on the platform. One was a Bible fundamentalist and famous politician, William Jennings Bryan. The other was an outstanding criminal lawyer and atheist, Clarence Darrow, Bryan was seeking to convict Scopes for violating a state law forbidding the teaching of evolution in the public schools. Darrow was defending.

“Where did Cain get his wife?” shouted Darrow.

“I leave the agnostics to hunt for her!” Bryan boomed back.

That exchange is typical of the entire trial. As Darrow’s question showed, he was not sticking to law or arguing the case. He was dragging in ir-relevancies to discredit the Bible. And as Bryan’s response betrays, he was not qualified to defend the Bible, not even knowing that Cain married one of his own sisters. Through the crowds peddlers went selling Bibles. On the outskirts of the crowd bonfires crackled, fed by the books of Charles Darwin. Logic, reason and sound judgment had gone on vacation and fanaticism, prejudice and emotionalism were working overtime. It was heralded as a trial between religion and science, but true religion and true science did not attend. Throughout the trial Bryan emoted that Darrow sought “to rob little children of their chance of eternal life,” and Darrow descended to the same low level to refer constantly to Bryan’s “fool religion.”

In the following article we want to discuss religion and science, but free of the emotionalism that marked that trial. We want proof instead of prejudice, facts instead of fanaticism. In weighing these issues we call to the stand no fundamentalist clergymen, for they do not understand the Bible. They do not teach the Bible, but dish out pagan doctrines that have turned from the Bible many honest persons, including some scientists. We will call for no testimony from modernist clergy, for they have compromised with false science to embrace evolution and disparage the Bible as nothing more than good literature, if even that.

We will listen to testimony from certain scientists who believe evolution.

The fact is, evolution is a faith. Most adherents do not know the theory, do not understand it, do not know the case for it or against it, but believe it blindly because they have blind faith in the scientific hierarchy of this modern religion. They believe scientists gullibly, just as the scientist and evolutionist Anthony Standen said they do in his book Science Is a Sacred Cow: “When a white-robed scientist, momentarily looking away from his microscope or his cyclotron, makes some pronouncement for the general public, he may not be understood, but at least he is certain to be believed.’’ He says the world is divided into scientists who practice the art of infallibility and laymen who are taken in by it. Scientists prove many things, but since they cannot prove evolution they say it is true because all good scientists believe it. This is the tyranny of authority, an intellectual inquisition to convert the stubborn thinkers. The Pharisees, unable to disprove Jesus’ messiahship, resorted to this same tyranny of authority when they said to some impressed by Jesus’ preaching: “Not one of the rulers or of the Pharisees has put faith in him, has he?”—John 7:48_t 2Vew World Trans.

As the evidence is weighed the facts will testify that the evolutionary scientists are prejudiced, dishonest and too often wrong to be considered infallible authorities. See if this is not so as the following article probes the question,

£ CP VOLUTION is unproved and unprov-able. We believe it only because the only alternative is special creation, and that is unthinkable,” said evolutionist Sir Arthur Keith. That is prejudice.

Professor D, M. S. Watson of the University of London stated: “Evolution itself is accepted by zoologists, not because it has been observed to occur or . . . can be proved by logically coherent evidence to be true, but because the only alternative, special creation, is clearly incredible.” That is prejudice.

Evolutionist Ernst Haeckel used diagrams to prove resemblance between human embryos and other animal embryos, but he doctored the diagrams to fit his theory, and when challenged he admitted:

“I begin at once with a contrite confession that a small number of my diagrams are really forgeries.” That is dishonest.

Moreover, these doctored diagrams continue appearing in literature on evolution, despite the confession to forgery. That is doubly dishonest

Scientists have found bones of moderntype men in earth layers as old as or older than those containing the famous “subhuman” missing links, proving these so-called links could not be the far older bridges between modern man and primitive ape, as claimed. Because of this Col' Iter’s magazine admitted: “This rocks the whole theory of evolution/’ But the evolutionists are as unrocked as the credulous religionist that clings to trinity after hear-

ing Bible proof of its falsity. They still refer to these discredited bone fragments as missing links. To do so is dishonest.

Evolutionists object if anyone says the theory teaches man came from monkey or ape, but go to the Museum of Natural History in New York city and see in their display skeletons starting from

fish and going to man, with monkeys and gorillas in the line-up. We are not supposed to come from monkeys and gorillas, but the scientists put them in the stairs from fish to man because it looks good. This is intellectual dishonesty. None of the animals in this supposed human ancestry walk erect on hind legs like man. But the penguin does. Why not take the monkey out and put in the penguin? None of the animals talk like man. But the parrot can. Why not oust the gibbon and put in the parrot? None in the line-up are organized socially in a community like man. But ants are, and bees are. Why not drop the gorilla and add these insects? Well, though it would make more sense, it would not look so good, and evolutionists are impressed more by appearance than by reason, even when they admit that the ones that appear good do not belong, and get angry if anyone beside^ themselves includes them in man’s evolutionary tree.

Retreat Before Advancing Knowledge

Evolutionary scientists not only are prejudiced and dishonest; they are often wrong. A science book a few years old is littered with known errors, was wrong all the time. Age estimates with a rash of zeros tacked on to run the figure into milWisconsin spruce forest was sheared off by a glacier 125,000 years ago, but the atomic clock has forced them to backtrack hastily to 11,000 years. The age of a sun pyramid near Mexico City has been slashed from 15,000 to 3,000 years, Piltdown man was supposed to be 500,000 years old, but was cut to 10,000, and finally exposed as just another dishonest hoax by evolutionists.

The Chicago Sun-Times, May 27-30, 1951, reported on many of these time revisions imposed on evolutionists by the advent of atomic clocks, and said estimates before then were “educated guesses,” But you guess a twenty-year-old young lady’s age to be one thousand years and see how educated she thinks you are’ The Sun-Times said this about age estimates before the atomic clocks: "It was a little like telling time without a clock and with the eyes bandaged.” But who would ever have dreamed this, in view of the scientific arrogance with which gullible laymen were served these fantastic figures? The Sun-Times articles give these revisions: It was once thought it took an ape 20,000,000 years to become a man; now they say 1,000,000 years. They once said modem man had existed for 1,000,000 years; now they say 50,000. But here is the catch. The atomic clock used to measure things for-

merly living cannot go beyond 20,000 years, or 30,000 at the motet, and even this involves the assumption that the quantity of radioactive carbon in the atmosphere has not varied throughout these millenniums. So they cannot measure man’s age as 50,000 -by the atomic clock, and if not by it, then it is like trying to tell the time without a clock and with the eyes blindfolded so that you do not even know whether it is day or night!

This series in the Sun-Times started off: "The story of man’s origin now must be rewritten. New and epoch-making findings at the University of Chicago and elsewhere are showing that man did not evolve from ancestral apes in either the time or the way that Darwin and modem science thought. This major upset in the theory of evolution was brought about by the following recent discoveries: Modern man has been around on this earth for a mere 50,000 years. Darwin, and more particularly his followers, were wrong in assuming that man, in something like his present state, evolved from apelike ancestors about a million years ago. Darwin and the modern evolutionists also were wrong in thinking that an early 'apeman’—big, hulking, hairy, shuffling—changed by infinitely slow, almost imperceptible degrees into modern man. Evolution actually was fast The major changes which converted ape into man came in a few big steps.”

Scientists used to say evolution occurred slowly as animals arid plants acquired new characteristics from their environment and passed these changes on to their offspring. But genetics proves these acquired characteristics are not inheritable. So they said very small mutations or genetic changes occurred that were inheritable and new forms evolved. But mutations are extremely rare, and practically all of them are harmful, and even small changes within the family kind would take great spans of time. The atomic clocks do not allow the evolutionist unlimited time,/so they said life evolved by big mutations. If it happened by small mutations we should have, many fossils connecting different families. We do not. Big mutations avoid this problem and can live with the atomic clock time allowances. Only now, if mutations are big and evolution is fast, we should see it happening. We do not. We do see freaks, some of which are mutations, but these are harmful, not helpful, not evolving upward, but devolving downward. But even the larger mutations never cross the boundary of the family kind.

Nevertheless, suppose these very rare big mutations quickly evolved a new form. Suppose thousands of years ago an ape gave birth to a male human baby. This impossible mutation is not enough. What good is one human? So this fantastic mutation must happen to another ape mother, only different; it must be a female human baby, an exact physical and genetic counterpart. That is not enough. These two fantastic rarities must happen to two apes that live at the same time, so the humans can mature together and be the right age for each other. Nor is that enough. These two unbelievable events must occur to ape mothers living in the same jungle area, so that their human offspring will meet and cohabit. If you think this is distorted because it gets the human baby in one step, you are right. But it is easier to have this impossible series of events happen once than three times or many times, depending on the number of steps necessary to get from ape to man. It is sheer stupidity to think all these factors would be present for one step; to think they are present over and over again for many steps, as evolutionists must contend, is sheer stupidity multiplied many times over! How gullible can evolutionary scientists get?

The Bible Fite the Facte

Science now speaks of a time of creation of all matter, that the heavens and the earth started as matter at the same time. This fits Genesis 1:1: “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth." This could have been millions or billions of years ago, for the creative days of Genesis chapter 1 discuss the preparing of the earth for habitation, not the beginning of material earth’s existence. And the Bible says the earth is, not flat, but round: “He sits over the round earth.” (Isaiah 40:22, Moffatt) It shows living plants and animals reproduce “after their kind." It does not say after their variety or after what scientists may arbitrarily define as a species, but after their kind, which allows for variation within the dog grouping or kind, the cat kind, the horse kind, and so forth. With this the facts agree, and science has never been able to force a crossing of the “kind’’ boundary. The Bible record shows the order of events in creation, first light, then atmosphere, shallow seas, dry land appearing, simple vegetation, then more complex plant life, water life, air life, land animals and finally man. Thi s order matches what science has learned. How did the Bible know it. long before science? A guess? Hardly! Figured out mathematically, the odds are prohibitive, only one chance in millions! And how did life start? Spontaneous generation? Not only has science failed to demonstrate that, but scientific facts rule it out as impossible!

Many other facts refuting evolution and proving creation are available and have been presented in previous articles in this magazine and also in the booklets Evolution versus The New World and Bc.rw for Belief in a New World. Space forbids repeating all the testimony in one article. Yet enough has been presented to show evolution has been embarrassed by increasing knowledge. New facts steadily vindicate the Bible. Unlike science textbooks, the Bible does not have to 6e rewritten to harmonize with advancing knowledge.

Conclusion

The facts prove evolutionists prejudiced, dishonest and wrong. They are wrong on their age estimates, wrong on spontaneous generation, wrong on evolution by acquired characteristics, wrong on small mutations, wrong on big mutations—all wrong on evolution. Science is all right in its place but it does not stay there. It talks too quick, claims too much, proves too little, blesses too few with its good works and kills too many with its evil works. Scientists do not belong on the pedestal where many have perched them. They deserve r.o halos, earn no deification, merit no mantle of infallibility, despite the credulous view in which many laymen hold the scientific hierarchy.

Bible believers need not fear to face the facts of time science, and the falsehoods tumble in time. Many scientific falsehoods have toppled already under the impact of new knowledge, and the crash is only beginning as far as evolution is concerned. The witnesses for evolution’s case cannot tell when it happened, cannot tell why.it happened, cannot tell where it happened, cannot tell how it happened, and cannot tell even the proof that it ever did happen. They can only tell tales, tales of fossils they do not have, of long periods of time they do not have, of mutations they do not have, of missing links they cannot find. The scientists say that anyone who criticizes evolution is untrained in scientific thinking and they look down on critics as ignorant, unlearned, fanatical, narrowminded persons. They are so busy name-calling they never take time to refute the facts assailing their theory. They draft

McCarthyism cm their side and rely heavily on smear tactics.

Scientists are like the religious clergy that abandon the Bible to teach pagan doctrines. Just as the clergy in Constantine’s time and thereafter brought in the pagan teachings of trinity, immortal soul, purgatory, hell-fire and many others, and taught them in the name of the Bible even though the Bible denies them, just so the scientists have dipped deep into the bogs of pagan antiquity and drawn out from those pagan religions the doctrine of evolution, and they have taught it in the name of science even though the facts of true science do not support it. Look in any good comprehensive encyclopedia under Evolution and you will see how pagan religions taught it even before the Greek philosopher Aristotle did. Primitive peoples today still teach a form of evolution.

Evolutionary scientists reach into antiquity and grab this unscientific dirt to use in mudslinging against the Bible. But just as false religion cannot down true religion with Bible facts, so false science cannot down true religion with the facts of true science. The true science beats down false science with scientific fact and true religion beats down false religion with Bible facts. Both- false science and false religion are confused themselves and are confusing millions of others because of their backward drift into paganism, but true religion based on the Bible and true science based on proved facts are both harmonious in enlightening and clarifying, freeing persons from the confusion raised by false science and false religion.

If we have the truth we do not have to use smear. We do not have to rush out and place Bibles for show, as they did at the Scopes trial, and then retire thinking we have done our part. Nor need we burn Darwin’s books or those of anyone else. We do not have to depend on befuddled Bryans to defend the Bible, nor need we fear the attacks of atheistic Darrows or agnostic Darwins. We do not have to do like some religionists who plant the horns of the fundamentalist devil on the heads of evolutionists. We do not have to put horns on them. They are on horns already, sitting squarely on the sharp horns of a dilemma. On one hand they are stuck with a theory they cannot prove, and on the other hand they cannot get unstuck from the theory without losing face, hurting pride and acknowledging, the Bible and creation. But it is better to lose face now and save our lives than to save face and lose our lives. Better to prick pride some now than to Jet it lead us to a destructive fall. It is high time to stop gullibly gobbling up all the pompous nonsense the evolutionary hierarchy dishes out to its adherents, As Professor Marsh said, it takes more faith and less logic to believe evolution than it does the Bible.

Evolutionists are hopeless pessimists. The final end of their theory is that eventually the entire universe will run down, the lights will go out, and all life will end. In the vast void of space the black, burned-out astral bodies will hurtle aimlessly, heatless and lifeless. But the Bible is a book of optimism, holding out hope of an endless earth with life on its surface and starry heavens twinkling eternally overhead. Jt Is possible for men and women to live on earth forever. This can be proved by facts. You can be one of those persons, and that also can be proved by facts. We invite you, we urge you, to investigate these cheerful facts. Do it at your earliest opportunity.

MANY people have been mystified over

France’s attitude toward European union in general and German rearmament in particular. Was it not France’s “Pleven Plan” that, in 1950, launched the idea of a European army? So why, four years later, did the French National Assembly reject the European Defense Community treaty? And after having pronounced itself in favor of the principle of German rearmament on October 12, 1954, by 350 votes to 113, why did the National Assembly, on December 24, reject Article I of the Paris Accords, which sanctions such rearmament, only to reverse its decision one week later?

For four years, many newspapers and.

news magazines ridiculed and then chided France because she hesitated to ratify a treaty that, they claimed, was of French origin. Was this the case? A glance back to 1950 will quickly reveal where the idea originated.

The outbreak of the war in Korea first caused the West fo consider Europe’s military weakness, and started talk about the desirability of re-^ arming Germany. But such talk did not cOme from Frenchmen. It was only after the majority of Western nations had pronounced themselves in favor of German rearmament that France, on October 24,1950, launched the “Pleven Plan” for a European army. This project, at its conception, provided for the attachment of small German units (800 to 1,200 men) to “European” divisions, thus avoiding the rebirth of a powerful German military machine. This was the French idea, brought forth wi£h the object of limiting as far as possible a rearmament that France alone could not prevent. But it did not suit the Allied military commanders responsible for the defense of Europe, and so the plan gradually evolved into a project for the establishment of twelve German divisions, each containing between 12,000 and 13,000 men.

So the idea of German rearmament did not come from France, and the E.D.C. treaty in its final form was far removed from the original French proposal.

The postulate behind E.D.C was the menace of a Russian invasion of western Europe. Germany was unarmed, and the other Continental states had armies using

different weapons, differing strategies, different systems of communication and, not the least important, different languages. In the event of a Russian break-out toward the English Channel, the Germans would not be able to defend themselves, and no single national army could hope to stop the Communist hordes. Even if sufficient warning was given, it would be very difficult to integrate the national armies differing in so many respects. The logical solution was to fuse aJI these into one European army, under a single command, using the same weapons and standardized equipment.

So it was planned that six European states, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Italy and Luxembourg, should create a united army under supranational control. The latter point meant abandoning a certain amount of national sovereignty. Britain stayed aloof because of her Commonwealth commitments.

By early 1954, all the Western parliamentary bodies had ratified the E.D.C. treaty, save Italy and France. The former was well on the way to ratifying, and all eyes turned toward France. Just to "make sure,” Secretary of State John Foster Dulles issued a warning that, if France did not ratify, the United States would have to make an "agonizing reappraisal” of foreign policy, involving a possible abandonment of Europe. Most of the Western powers thought France would toe the line. So it came as a complete shock to them when, on AUgust 30,1954, the French National Assembly rejected the treaty by 319 votes to 264,

One of the basic French objections was the fact that Britain refused to be a member of the Defense Community The "six nations” Europe was regarded as being a framework too small to be safe for France. France would be dominated by Germany. The Brussels conference in August 1954 was a foretaste, it was said, of how E.D.C. would work: instead of equilibrium among the "six,” Italy and the Benelux countries would side with the Germans to impose their will on France. British participation would be Indispensable to restore this balance of power.

An Alternative Plan

Toward the end of September a nine-power conference was called at which the foreign ministers of the United States, Canada, Italy and Germany met in London with the representatives of the five members of the Brussels Pact. Outnumbered eight to one, the most the French minister Monsieur Mendes-France could hope for was to obtain British participation and certain guarantees from Germany as to the extent of her rearmament. Since the "supranational” element was left out of this new plan, Britain agreed to maintain four divisions on the Continent (with the proviso that she could withdraw them in the event of a grave crisis in the Commonwealth). Germany would be allowed to create an army of half a million men (twelve divisions, including four armored divisions with twice as many tanks as the Panzer divisions of World War n). The seven members of the extended Brussels Pact agreed to submit to a control of their armaments, and Germany agreed not to manufacture atomic or bacteriological weapons.

The new setup would be called "West European Union” (W.E.U.) and would raise the NATO forces from 46 to 58 divisions against the 235 divisions of Russia and her satellites. General Gruenther and Field Marshal Montgomery were satisfied with the new arrangement, stating that they even preferred it to E.D.C., since it gave them greater freedom of action. Finally, on October 24, 1954, the member nations signed the Paris Accords, and Germany thus gained her sovereignty, her army, membership in W.E.U. (and hence the neutralization of the Brussels Pact which had been directed against her), and, more important still, membership in NATO. The only serious concession Chancellor Adenauer had to make was concerning the “Europeanization” of the Saar, making it neither French nor German. (There are many indications, however, that the last word has not been said on the Saar question.)

Ratification Under Protest

All that remained now was for the parliaments of the member states to ratify the Paris Accords. Premier Mendes-France, who felt that in view of the allied pressure put upon him he had obtained all the concessions he could hope for, promised Washington and London that there would be no “four-year wait” as there had been for E.D.C. He assured ratification by the end of the year. The debate in the National Assembly was scheduled for late December,

It is true there were a number of political undercurrents that influenced the voting, but the fact remains that not a single speaker, apart from the prime minister, spoke in favor of the Accords’ granting German rearmament. On December 24, when the vote was taken on Article I of the Accords (the article sanctioning German rearmament), the National Assembly rejected it by 280 votes to 259. The prime minister had not made it a question of confidence, so the government did not fall. M. Mendes-France—a man of action—told the Assembly he would put the Article to the vote again a week later, and that this time he would stake the existence of the government on the result.

This pause over the “Christmas” period allowed for two things: it gave the French deputies time to “measure the pulse” of their constituencies, and secondly it allowed time for diplomatic pressure to be applied from abroad. The latter came mainly from London, the foreign office declaring that Britain would agree to keep troops on the Continent only if the Paris Accords were ratified, adding: “The issue is not whether the German Federal Republic will rearm, but how.”

Commenting on this waiting period between the two votes, the Paris correspondent of the New York Times wrote: “It is reported that Washington officials argue that rejection of the protocols raises the question whether France is capable of taking decisions. The reply made here is that in this context it is not a question of a capacity to take decisions but of a capacity to take a decision running counter to what seems to be overwhelming public opinion. , . . A question asked here is: How far is a French Deputy justified in heeding advice and admonition from Washington and London when they seem to be opposed to the sentiments of the people those Deputies represent?”—New York Times, December 26, 1954.

That Washington was not worried about such democratic considerations is apparent from a comment made by the Washington correspondent of the same newspaper, writing in the same issue: “The apparent lack of optimism (in American Congressional quarters) over prospects of the Assembly’s reversing itself reflected concern over the possibility that the French Deputies, after visiting their constituencies for Christmas, might find much popular support for the negative vote. That was the essence of diplomatic appraisals sent from Paris.” In other words, Washington wanted ratification even if it went against the wishes of the French people.

December 30, the day of the vote, finally arrived, and by a narrow margin the National Assembly reversed its previous decision. By 287 votes to 260 it voted In favor of German rearmament. This meant that 52 per cent of those voting were in favor, but in view of the abstentions, the majority represents only 46 per cent of the full parliament Many deputies stated they voted in favor, of ratification to prevent the breaking up of the Atlantic Alliance. It was a ratification under protest, and he would be rash indeed who would affirm that the vote represents the wishes of the majority of the French people.

French Fears

Many Frenchmen fear that the new German army might be used by the Federal Republic to liberate by force the 18,000,000 Germans in the Eastern Zone now controlled by Russia, Statements like the one made by Dr. Adenauer after his election victory in September 1953 help to create this fear. On that occasion the Ger~ man chancellor stated: “Up to now we have spoken of reuniting Germany. Should we not now talk of liberating the East? No matter how you voted yesterday, let us unite and work together for the liberation of the Eastern territories.”—Le Figaro, September 8, 1953.

But without any doubt, the main reason why France hesitated so long and then agreed so reluctantly is an underlying fear of German militarism. It must be nearly impossible for an American to understand what this means. Yet it is real, and when all the strategic, political and legal arguments have been said and repeated, the stark fact remains that millions of Frenchmen fear a Resurgence of the German Wehrmacht. Perhaps this example will help the American reader to understand. Just before the French Assembly’s debate on E.D.C., the British Broadcasting Corporation organized a one-hour radio hookup during which public figures and the man in the street in France, Belgium, Germany, etc., were given an opportunity of expressing themselves on German rearmament One old lady in Lorraine told how her father had built up a fine farm, and then in 1870 the Germans had come and destroyed it. Her husband had rebuilt it when, in 1914, the Germans came again and it was destroyed in the fighting. Her sons set to and built it up once more only to see it destroyed again by the Nazis in 1940. The old lady added, philosophically: “My grandsons have reconstructed the farm,—but I suppose the Germans will be back!” A Frenchwoman told the writer: “When I think with my head, I know German rearmament is inevitable, but when I think with my heart, it makes me shudder!”

Anyone who knows the French and the Germans cannot help feeling sorry that these two peoples have such a hard time getting along together. For both have outstanding qualities, many of which seem to complement each other. Think what wonders could be produced by French creative genius allied to German industriousness and organization! What a blessing it will be when men of good will of all nations unite their various qualities in the joyous task of beautifying this earth to the praise of the great Creator!

1UST think! The next house you 4 1 own may be a solar house. There will be no furnaces to feed, no fires to stoke, no ashes to haul away, no soot to blanket the walls and furniture and no smoke to mar the pleasant, outdoor surroundings. Your house may be not only solar heated, but solar cooled and solar cleaned.

Contrary to. common opinion, it most likely will not be an ultramodern house or a house of glass. Xenophon, a Greek historian, talked about solar houses some two thousand years ago. A solar house is simply a house with a large glass area facing the direction that provides the maximum of the winter sunlight and a minimum of the summer’s heat. It is a house styled to eliminate dirt, dust and fire hazards, and to do away with more than half of today’s fuel bill. It is a house made ever so much more livable by the ever-beaming sun.

Turning sunbeams directly into electricity has long been an aspiring goal of scien-ttgfSi Hite has been done in a small way. Further, sunbeams are now being harnessed to heat the living room, bring light as bright as day into rooms at night, fry the eggs, roast the beef and bake the potatoes. Sun power, say the experts, will, in the not-too-distant future, water the lawn, make ice cubes, heat the bath water, cool the cream and run all the electrical appliances in the house twenty-four hours a day.

Solar Predictions

At least a dozen better ways to live have opened up as a result of recent developments with solar energy. Dr. Maria Telkes of the New York University’s College of Engineering predicts that the future home will be an “all-electric home” with electric power for cooking, an assortment of “electric slaves” for performing most of the household chores. The entire house, she says, will be electrically heated. Solar energy will heat the bungalows cozily during the winters and cool them comfortably during the summers. The “perfect wall” of tomorrow’s house, according to Dr. Telkes, will be an excellent heat insulator. In fact, the whole house will be carefully insulated to prevent heat losses. Today, during one heating season about $4 in fuel is dissipated through a conventional, single

pane window. If storm windows or double windows were used, more than half of this waste could be saved. Most solar houses use the thermopane principle—two panes of glass separated by an air space. Once the light penetrates the double-thick glass, it changes to heat and it cannot get out

Excess heating or ooolmg will be stored in a chemical “storage bin” at low cost* These storehouses will release latent heat when needed, especially during the night. And the stored-away cool night air will supplement the air-conditioning system during the day. The heat pump operated by solar energy will maintain the “comfort zone" all summer and winter long. Sun-powered refrigeration and air conditioning will be common. Instead of lamps, special wallpaper that will absorb enough sun's rays during the day will reflect light at night, illuminating large rooms with its absorbed “daylight,” Shades specially designed to be drawn over the wallpaper will turn off the light. A new life awaits tomorrow’s housewife!

Solar Houses Today

As fantastic and farfetched as these predictions of Dr. Telkes may sound, yet many of them are already in use in solar houses across the United States and Europe. For example: The experimental Telkes-Pea-body-Raymond house in Dover, Massachusetts, is heated through the wise use of Glauber’s salt, a hydrated form of sodium sulfate. This salt melts at a temperature of 90 degrees Fahrenheit; in so doing it absorbs generous quantities of heat supplied it by solar collectors on the vertical south wall of the solar house. When Glauber’s salt hardens it gives off this exact amount of heat to its surroundings. The salt is stored in five-gallon cans that are permanently sealed and placed inside the thick interior walls in between rooms of the house. An ingenious system of fans keeps the heat circulating day and night.

It is possible to keep the solar house warm even during ten sunless days, and statistics show that six consecutive sunless days in the Boston, Massachusetts, area happen only once in fourteen years. Dr. Telkes admits that the chemical heating system is not perfect. It took some twenty tons of Glauber’s salt to maintain a relatively level room-temperature in the Dover house. The sun maintained a livable atmosphere through 95 per cent of the New England winter, without stand-by heat.

Another solar house in the New England area held an average temperature of 72 degrees right around the clock all winter long. What did the housewife think of this solar-heated house? “It’s wonderful,” she said. “None of us had a cold since we moved in, and Toby [the eighteen-month-old baby boy] hasn’t even had the sniffles. Housekeeping is a joy, except for the glass wall. Some homes never get spic and span. But here an hour a day with the vacuum is all it takes. That’s partly because there’s no fuel—and that means no soot or coal dust—and partly because of the tight construction and insulation.”

Cost of Solar Houses

Are not solar houses expensive? No—no more so than conventional houses. An experimental five-room, one-story model house with a specially designed roof and “heat bins,” after being completed, cost $20,000, some $3,000 of which went for the heating system. A one-floor, two-bedroom house, all complete, cost $10,000. The salts cost $240 and installation just a little more.

Big solar-house developments are becoming prominent. There is one at Northbrook, Illinois; another at Camden, New Jersey. According to expert advice “a solar house is practical anywhere south of Latitude 40, which passes through Phila-

delphla, a little south of Chicago and slightly north of San Francisco. ” The majority of solar houses today are using the sun as an auxiliary heating plant, merely to supplement their regular heating system. Even at that, houses as far north as New England claim to have cut more than half of the old fuel bill.

Cooking and Cruising with Sunshine

In India, where fuel is scarce, sunbeams are being pressed into service to doing milady’s cooking. A “sun stove” has been developed that focuses the sun’s rays by a nickel-plated concave mirror of copper, aluminum, brass or any other convenient metal on the cooking utensil. The mirror reflects the sun’s rays, giving off the same amount of heat as a 300-watt electric heater. From 250 to 300 degrees is considered ample for average cooking operations. The solar stove in India sells for 80 rupees ($16.80), but to gadget-loving Americans and backyard chefs the same stove retails for $75. Its appeal is not its looks, for it is an odd-looking contraption. Rather its enchanting features are its fireless, fumeless, fuelless, sootless and smokeless performances.

A more expensive sun cooker now located at the Smithsonian observation station on Mount Wilson, California, can do all the baking, boiling, stewing and preserving needed by a small family. Solar ovens have been known to hold heat at baking temperatures for weeks, even months.

But solar cookers have their drawbacks. They cannot be brought into service at the strike of a match. The housewife must wait two hours after dawn before she can use her sun stove. Then she must give the sun a few minutes to warm up the pan. All works well, unless, of course, an uninvited cloud shows up and turns off the stove. Then, too, all cooking must be done at least two hours before dusk, at which time the stove becomes ineffective.

Dr, Telkes has designed a solar stove that can retain cooking heat for an hour or so after sundown, the time when the evening meal is being prepared. Her stove opens up like a carton. Four ordinary flat mirrors fan out from the tilted face of the boxlike stove, “At the rear of the stove is a removable drawer through which the food is placed. The mirrors reflect sunlight down through the tilted face of the stove, concentrating it In the interior, which is filled with special heat-absorbing chemicals. ... Preliminary models of Dr. Telkes’ stove have developed temperatures up to , 300 degrees on days when outdoor temperature was under 70 degrees Fahrenheit. . . . The New York University research group believes their stove can be developed so that it can be manufactured to sell for $5. . . . There is a potential need for 100,000,000 solar cookers in India alone.”

Four Merry “Sunmobile”

In addition to solar heaters and solar cookers there arc pleasant prospects of solar record players, electric clocks and, who knows? even solar “sunmobiles,” “It sounds fantastic,” said inventor H. E. McCoy, “but 1 think the motorist of the future may drive up to a service station and, instead of buying gasoline, exchange the battery of his electric automobile for one that has just been charged by a solar furnace generating plant.” In a single day the average amount of solar energy falling on one acre of ground in the Temperate Zone is equivalent to 700 gallons of gasoline, or enough to operate the average automobile for a year.

Mankind is looking up to a new age —the sun age—and to a new life, one made comfortable by the realization of one of his most cherished dreams: the harnessing of sun power.

OUTSTRnOlDG nSSEmBLIES

THE largest religious convention ever held in America was the eight-day world assembly of Jehovah’s witnesses, July 19“26,1953. The average daily attendance was 130,000, with a peak of 165)829! There will be no such world assembly this year, but Jehovah's witnesses will hold smaller regional gatherings in these five North American stadiums and in Europe.

Describing such assemblies, one news writer recently said: “You do feel that here is a group bound by a sincerity, by a zealousness which has almost a living quality. This the outsider, who spends some time in their midst, can soon sense.” Such gatherings are occasions of happiness and joy. They are for your spiritual strengthening and encouragement. They will comfort and build you up. Those who attend are a zealous people, and you can witness this zeal and faith by joining with them.

You will note that the assemblies are within short traveling distance from almost any part of the United States or Canada. Arrange now to go. This is an outstanding opportunity for your own spiritual enrichment. The provision is for you; by all means take advantage of it.

COMISKEY PARK, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS June 22-26

The first modem convention of Jehovah’s witnesses ever held was in Chicago in 1893. Attendance: 360. In more recerd years this city has played host to district assemblies, but never an assembly as large as this summer’s gathering will be.

The assembly will be held in spacious Comiskey Park, pictured above. Opened in 1910 and named for a baseball official, this park was called the “Baseball Palace of the World.” Its present seating capacity of 46,500 should provide abundant space for the thousands of enthusiastic conven-tioners.

Though thousands are expected, Chicago is in the habit of witnessing great national and international conventions—assemblies that are far larger, in fact, than this one regional gathering of Jehovah’s witnesses will be. Therefore it will take especially good support and zealous activity to make an impressive attendance and to show Chicago the uniqueness of this organization that is based upon Christian truth.

Chicago's twenty-three congregations and more than 2,500 active witnesses of Jehovah are thrilled at the prospect of liaving their largest assembly yet, and are keenly anticipating the testimony that will be given to Jehovah’s name and purpose in their territory. Will you support this large midwestem gathering?

EMPIRE STADIUM, VANCOUVER, B.C. June 29-July 3

Where Canada meets the Pacific a mighty city has grown—Vancouver, British Columbia. Among this city’s many sources of pride is this new Empire Stadium, where last summer the famed British Empire games were held. The attention of the world was directed here when Roger Bannister of Britain and John Landy of Australia—the only men ever to run a mile in less than four minutes—raced each other. At that time Jehovah’s witnesses were holding a memorable assembly with 9,600 in attendance at nearby New Westminster.

These assemblers and many others will return this summer to meet in Empire Stadium itself, a stadium that indeed should prove to be an excellent place for such a gathering. It is modem and spacious, having 26,000 seats, and stands that look out over Burrard Inlet toward peaks of Canada's coastal mountains. A peaceful location in a city of friendly people.

The 2,000 Kingdom publishers associated with the sixteen congregations of Jehovah's witnesses in Vancouver and New Westminster will welcome their brothers to this second North American assembly, and many from both sides of the United States-Canada border are expected to attend. Will you be joining with the happy crowds that will assemble here?

WRIGLEY FIELD, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

July 6-10

Mention of Wrigley Field brings fond memories to thousands of Jehovah’s witnesses who have attended assemblies here in the past. Outstanding among them was the 1947 gathering here of 45,729 persons, many of them having come from even as far as the East Coast. This summer’s assembly, however, will draw its attendance basically from the sprawling, sparsely settled western and southwestern states. How many will come? No one knows, but Wrigley Field should conveniently hold the crowd.

The far-flung city of Los Angeles is the metropolis of mighty southern California. Palm-dotted and mountain-fringed, this fabulous third-largest city in population in the nation has thirty-one congregations of Jehovah’s witnesses and 3,800 publishers. Assemblies are no new thing to them, but like all of Jehovah’s servants everywhere they appreciate the importance of such Christian gatherings and of the necessity of getting together with their brothers both for fellowship and for consideration of the good -things that are in God’s Word. This is strengthening, encouraging and in obedience to the divine command. Is the Los Angeles assembly the one that you will attend? If you live in the southwestern United States plan to see us there.

COTTON BOWL, DALLAS, TEXAS July 13-17

Texans are noted for doing things in a big way, and Dallas is no exception This modern city of private homes, tall buildings and Texas-sized hospitality just takes it for granted that Texas’ state fairgrounds should be the largest, and that the Cotton Bowl, located in that fairgrounds, should be famed for its crowds.

The Cotton Bowl is the second-largest stadium in the South. In 1950 it set a record for tire largest actual attendance at a minor league baseball game, and it holds the record for the all-time high attendance in any one stadium on any one day. Jehovah’s witnesses do not expect to break these records this summer, but they do intend to have the happiest crowd that ever assembled there, and to receive the most beneficial instructions. Sessions will be held in both English and Spanish.

Playing host to their brothers from throughout a wide area of the South and Southwest, and perhaps even from Mexico and Cuba, will be nine Dallas congregations and their more than 700 active gospelpreachers. They are anxious to have you help them bear testimony to Jehovah’s name and Kingdom in their territory, and they look forward to further expansion as a result of this assembly’s activity. Accept their hospitality, give them a hand in this activity, and we shall see you there!

YANKEE STADIUM, NEW YORK CITY July 20-24

Jehovah’s witnesses certainly are no strangers to Yankee Stadium, for famed as that stadium is, their international assemblies in 1950 and 1953 have added even further to its stature, being the two largest events ever held there.

This year, however, the witnesses are not returning for an international assembly, but that great stadium is now to be used merely for a regional gathering. This will be the largest North American convention, and indeed a fitting climax for the American gatherings. Since New York is situated in the thickly settled East, the attendance here should be excellent.

New York, truly a fabulous city, has an abundance of facilities: good hotels, excellent transportation, friendly , landladies, a stadium of appropriate size, and a population that is friendly toward Jehovah’s witnesses and is still talking about their earlier assemblies. It also has fifty-three thriving congregations and 6,000 zealous Kingdom publishers who are prepared to make the convention visitors welcome. Is it along the East Coast that you live? Then New York is the assembly city for you!

But even that is not all. After New York, there are London, Paris, Rome, Nuremberg, Stockholm and The Hague. Thus, our April 22 issue will tell you about things to do while you are in Britain.

AW AKIS!

What Gives Them an Unshakable Faith?

EADLINING that question . the Tampa, Florida, Sunday Tribune carried a long article and twelve pictures on a group that had just held an assembly in Tampa. It said: “They came by the thousands—rich men and paupers; the feeble and the healthy; the halt and the blind; the youthful and the aged. They came to hear of and preach of the VVord of God as they understand it. And the way they understand it is not popular with most of the world. Each of them has had doors slammed in their faces; gratuitous insults thrown their way; in their time some have even been subjected to physical attack. They have been called draft dodgers, unpatriotic, fanatics, misguided. But in their faith they have found a source of inspiration which enables them to shed all attack, often to overcome it; and which links them in a powerful community of brotherhood which is perplexing to the outsider and difficult to comprehend. These are Jehovah’s Witnesses,’* C It asked: “What is the motivating force that makes the members of this sect act as they do? What gives them this steel-like conviction and purpose which clads them in unseen armor? Walk through the halls, the buildings, and the grandstand. You see well dressed people, and some dressed shabbily. You see nothing in physical appearance or dress that distinguished them from any other group. There is no sense of grimness, of austerity or rigidness which are the accoutrements of some religious sects. In fact, these are on the whole a happy people who draw a vibrant joy out of their faith.”

After telling something of the history and beliefs of the Witnesses, the report continued: “They carry their messages not as a chore, not as a task, but with enthusiasm and ardor. Rebuff only whets the blade of their convictions. They tell you the force that moves them, the invisible chain that binds them, is the spirit of God ip action. This, they say over and over, is the source of their strength.” <t Then the reporter asked various ones at the assembly why they became Jehovah’s witnesses. A blind veteran said that, before he became one of Jehovah’s witnesses, “I used to wonder why God put man on the earth. Why should men fight among themselves and destroy themselves? I couldn’t understand it. Then £ome witnesses visited us. I told my wife to take the literature to get rid of them. Later she read it to me and I became interested. It impressed me. Now I know I have found the answers to my questions. I have found peace . . . I want to help others And it.”

C One of the assembly's officials said: “We're doing what the disciples did,” and added, “preaching in the market places and door to door. We’re not against any church. We’re for Gt?d first . . , we love our neighbors and want to tell them the good news.” Another witness, speaking of his former church, said: “I didn’t get the spiritual food I wanted. I didn’t want lectures on politics or morals. I wanted true religion. I found it in the Witnesses/'

C A speaker from the Watch Tower’s Brooklyn headquarters explained what he found lacking in his former church: “It bothered me that the clergy in my old church lived on top of the earth and the lay people supported them. The gulf between clergy and the lay people was too broad. And I didn’t like other doctrines. In the Jehovah’s Witnesses there is no top and bottom levels—no caste of preachers or priests. We are all preachers, all equhl. It's a religion that's satisfying and convincing.” <L A former air force captain who now has a TV variety show in Miami explained to the Tribune’s reporter why he became a witness: “Every question I had was answered from the Bible. It just made sense.” It makes sense because it really is based upon God’s Word, It has strength provided by God for those who truly serve him. The Bible shows that true Christians would stand firmly for their faith. Yet the world does not see that strength in its own religions, and it is amazed when it finds people who do have it today. Is that not a condemnation of the world’s religions?

At Tiajuana, Mexico, a man was bitten by a poisonous snake. Thinking quickly, the man killed the serpent and wrapped its body around his arm as a tourniquet until he could get to a doctor.

WHY WOMENS CLOTHES ARE EXPENSIVE

RE women's clothes too expensive? Men = for years have thought so. “They cannot 7; __ possibly see how a few straps of leather, 7 sewed together and called a shoe, can justifiably cost $50; how a few sequins and a ■ wispy veil, stuck on a postage-stamp hat, can be worth $80; or how any dress can cost $300 -or more. To the cynical male, the answer is only all too obvious: the value of women’s clothes is determined only by what vain women (and acquiescent men) are willing to'pay for them.

$ **The $9 billion-a-year U.S. women’s wear industry has another answer. It can quote yards of facts and figures to show that high-priced clothes are not only worth every penny they ,cost, but even more. For example, Manhattan’s Sophie of Saks Fifth Ave. custom salon, where cocktail dresses sell for as much as $695, just manages to break even; the salon is operated only for the prestige it brings to the store. The markup for expensive clothes is heavy—up to 100% of cost—but it has to be so to cover overhead. At a high-fashion house like Nettie Rosenstein, the cost of designing a dress and turning out one sample may come to more than $1,000; so few copies are sold that the designing cost per dress may come to $200 or more. Labor costs are out of the designer’s hands; they are regulated ⁷ by an independent labor-management commit- g tee, and vary according to the difficulty of the work required. A pocket on a cheap dress, 5 for example, may come to only a few cents E in labor; on an expensive one, labor may cost t up to ten times as much.                     7

“In the millinery field, one leading de- 7 signer spends upwards of $50,000 a year just -• making sample hats for his showrooms, may r take a full day to make just one original. In £ shoes, the daintier the, product the more tedious, exacting and expensive the work. And i while it may seem that women get stuck when ~ they spend $25 or more for a pair of shoes 7 that will last only a few months, it is not easy for manufacturers to get rich on the ^;r deal. I. Miller, one of the leading makers of ⁷ expensive women’s shoes, makes a mere 4% ; gross profit on its sales—far less than super- “ efficient General Motors makes on autos ⁷⁷ (22%).”                                       ¹

On the other hand, it is true, women are not getting their money’s worth in clothes. However, it is mainly because of the inefficiency of the garment industry, production methods and machinery are years behind the times. Competition is cutthroat, causing many manufacturers to close down every year. “A few manufacturers, like Manhattan’s Henry Rosenfeld, have proved that the garment industry need not be so inefficient, that mass production can pay oil. Rosenfeld sells 2,500,000 well-designed dresses a year, all retailing from $14.95 to $35.”

Yet, not even a Rosenfeld can change the one major factor that makes the lady’s wardrobe so expensive, namely, fashion itself. Women are slaves to fashion. They want to look different from other women, and at the same time they want to look like other women. Thus, women may be swept up in new fashion crazes. They must always feel that the particular hat or stole they are buying is just a little different. When individuality comes in, mass production goes out and costs go Up; if bigger production comes in, then by ah inflexible rule, style goes out.

^J‘A complex fashion code also requires that women have more clothes than men. Explained one young working housewife: ‘My husband can be well dressed for almost any occasion with only two or three suits in his wardrobe. But with me itg different. Maybe I can transform an office dress with the addition of a rose or a jewel, but you can do just so much of this and get by. A dress that goes well at a cocktail party might fit in at a wedding, but the chances are it won’t? Just how this exacting code arose, or why women adhere to it, is as inexplicable as why the female may weep when she is happy. ‘Vanity thy name is woman,’ said Shakespeare. As long as that is true the garment industry will have a good thing. And so—for all his protestations —will the U.S. male, perplexed as he is bound to’remain. A woman will always spend more than a man on clothes. The reason is simple: in trying to look more expensively dressed than she is, a woman often ends up being more expensively dressed than she had intended to be in the first place.”—Time, August 31, 1953.

Juvenile lawlessness

HE causes of juvenile delinquency are many. They range from difficulties in reading and arithmetic to broken homes, corrupt officials and the far-reaching changes that have occurred in our way of life during this half century. While recognizing that such factors contribute to delinquency, in this discussion we shall consider another very important cause; the modern breakdown of respect for authority. Where should a child learn respect for authority? First from his parents, then from the schools. But many parents do not teach it Neither do many schools.

Adults know that if they are not obedient to authority they will be punished. This punishment is literal: for violating the law it is a fine or jail; for flouting the social or moral codes it is ostracism by one’s friends and neighbors; for failure to take instructions it is loss of job or failure to receive a promotion. Yet a too widely accepted philosophy of child training has wrongly implied that children should not have to recognize authority, that they will feel unhappy and unloved if they are made responsible for their actions. But if there is no law in the home, and little in the school, will the child suddenly and miraculously become obedient to law when he goes out into the world? Instead of the children who know to consider the rights of others and to respect just authority, is it not the lawless children, those who have been a law to themselves, who have the warped outlook?

Does respect for authority exist in the school about which one New York teacher said: “In a high school like ours, you have a few tough ones and a few vicious ones in almost every class . . . They sit watching you like snakes, waiting for the first sign of weakness. . . . They do not want to learn. They already belong to the streets. They know you cannot punish them physically or expel them. You must never raise your voice to them—if you argue, you are conceding their right to yell at you. You must never stand near them and never, never touch them—hatred for a teacher is part of their code and they must react or lose face if you do. You must never present them with ultimatums. You must never cater to them in the slightest and never lie to them—they can sense fear or phoniness like animals. Your job is to keep them quiet while you teach those who can be taught”

Do you consider that a sad commentary on a school’s ability to handle its roughhouse element? The New York Gity superintendent's Committee on Delinquency in the Secondary Schools stated that delinquent pupils constitute only a very small percentage of the total school population, but warned that their numbers in the high schools have been increasing.

School officials have been attacked after hours, and children have threatened and have beaten up teachers who would not graduate or promote them. One writer said: “In instances like these, high schools are substituting for reform schools, and normal well-behaved children must be neglected because of the time-consuming struggle to keep under control these insolent and froward young people.” Laying the blame on the lack of discipline in the home and in the school, the New York Daily News, March 5, 1954, said: “Our articles already have made it plain that iur educators' kid-glove attitude of recent years, plus increasing lack of home discipline, have merely succeeded in getting our schools and our youth into an ever-deeper mess.”

This Lack of Discipline

The mere fact that the discipline of a few decades ago was so strict that it may have made some students rebel does not mean that the situation is improved by turning the relationship completely upside down and firing the teacher who punishes a child, while doing nothing to the child (or his parents) who kicks his teacher. As the News put it on March 2, 1954: “It is getting so that when a teacher in the public school system does anything to displease a student, he can expect to be roundly disciplined—either by the school or the student.” An attack on a teacher is not an isolated breach of discipline. Generally it is the culmination of a series of lesser breaches that were committed by a student who simply had found that he could get away with them.

James E. McCarthy, New York City Youth Board directorof group work, put it plainly: “When a kid does something wrong, he knows it, and if you let him get away with it, he thinks you’re a dope.” Why do the teachers let them get away with it? In some places they cannot help it. Teachers have resigned in disgust because they were unable to discipline their classes. When they tried to get support for their discipline, the principal and superintendent gave them none. One substitute teacher in New York, not having a pension or permanent job to worry about, dropped the "spare-the-chifd" plan and did talk back to his students. When he told the biggest student in the class what would happen to the next one who stepped out of line, the reply was: “Gee whiz, Teach, we were just seeing how far we could go with you.” A little soundly exercised authority goes a long way.

John Dewey’s theory, a foundation of the modem system of education, was that all learning is based upon habit. But what habits have the students learned in New York city where, despite the drive against vandalism, 121,000 school windows were broken during the first seven months of 1954? What habits are being learned in the school where five fires were set in one classroom in a single week? What had the five Los Angeles students learned who not long ago broke into a school and senselessly demolished nine classrooms, as well as other facilities? What kind of habits are the students of a Long Island school learning where the district attorney had to warn school officials to quit “covering up” such things as a knifing and a bombing that had occurred in the school? What kind of habits have children learned when the situation has reached the point where the Children’s Bureau reports that one out of every fifty children is an official delinquent?

Something is wrong somewhere when the New York Superintendent’s Committee on Delinquency could speak of “a wide range of reckless, irresponsible, and antisocial behavior, with instances of violence, extortion, gang fights, and threats of bodily harm. There was vandalism against school property, private property, and pupils’ personal possessions; there were theft, forgery, obscenity, and vulgarity; there was non-conformity to school rules, evidenced by the disruption of classes, the throwing of food, the turning on of gas, interference with fire drills, as well as truancy and [class] cutting.” The New York Daily News took twenty-one articles to say the same thing, only in the style used by the spectacular tabloid press. The difference between the Superintendent’s Committee’s report and the newspaper’s series was that the newspaper pointed to the breakdown of discipline as a major cause of the difficulty.

The schools contend that a hostile and punitive approach toward 'maladjusted children is not sound. But if the child’s maladjustment stems, as it often does these days, from his never having been disciplined, from his never having to recognize authority or to consider the rights and interests of other persons, then it is better for the parents and the schools to give that discipline than for society to have to give it later in a much harsher way in its courts and prisons. The freedom granted in many modem schools may prove a good thing for many children, but it is not good for the rebellious minority that cause the trouble. Of such children the above-quoted Superintendent’s Committee’s report said: “For the good of the student body as a whole, these pupils should be removed to an atmosphere of more direct controls.” Many students who had been unable to function in the permissive atmosphere of the large school have found themselves and made a satisfactory adjustment when they were transferred to smaller and more carefully disciplined schools.

The Effect of Bad. Publicity

New York city has one of the world’s largest school systems. Further, the system is an excellent one. The scope of what it teaches is nothing short of amazing, but, like all human endeavors, it is not perfect. While only a small percentage of its students present a problem, the problem they present is a serious one. Though this delinquency and lawlessness are shameful and shocking, it may well be that the daily press has overdrawn and distorted the picture. Certainly the schools are not ruining the country. Yet in the twenty-one consecutive days that the United States’ biggest newspaper paraded school scandals before its readers, some of them may have gotten that impression. Its shocking examples of delinquency may stay in the mind much longer than does the brief explanation that the lawless element, though inexcusable, is a small minority. Arthur Levitt of the New York Board of Education said: “We don’t contend there is no problem of juvenile delinquency, but to say that our schools are breeding places of crime, which has been charged in certain portions of the press, is a complete untruth.” When asked why the newspapers do not publish the good things the schools do, one reporter explained: “That’s not news!”

The public should be advised of the good as well as the bad. The undesirable effect of some of the newspaper publicity is that singling out the public schools for condemnation builds up the private ones. Note how the Daily News’ series pointedly did this. It said: "Parents are moving to the

suburbs in an attempt to escape, or transferring their children to parochial or private schools. The transfers to church schools, Catholic and Protestant, have swollen their enrollments, straining available facilities and inspiring a stepped-up building program throughout the city., . . ‘We notice? an official |Catholic] said, "that many non-Catholics are now applying for admission? ”

Other articles in the series quoted such jrtatoments as: *T, myseif, had the good fortune to attend a parochial high school?’ and; “My daughter . . . can do only about 10 to 20% of what a child of the same age can do in parochial school?* Yet this newspaper admitted that the rising crime rate ‘exists in private and parochial schools?’ too, but said they “meet it with sterner measures and closer supervision?* One cf such “sterner measures?* a board of education member pointed out, is that ^l<a boy or gir] who won’t behave in parochial school is expelled, and thereupon becomes an added problem in the public school system.” Thus, he thinks the public school carries a double load, its own problem children and the parochial schools’ as well. The press’ fear of being accused of attacking a popular religion may also play its part in helping parochial schools to get less of the blame and less publicity for delinquent acts their students may commit.

Right Training Starts at Home

What, therefore, should be the parent’s solution? Not putting the child in a parochial school where he will be taught a religion that may be contrary to the parent’s desire; but the right start is proper home training. If the parent exercises wisdom in the right kind of home training, the child should be able to overcome the obstacles it has to face. Principles can be instilled in the child’s mind that will make delinquency and vandalism repulsive.

Training in proper obedience and in respect for authority (the authority of the parent, the law and, most important, cf God) combined with an association with right-minded persons, and with regular attendance at congregational meetings in which the young are encouraged to participate, will further strengthen them. Helping the child to a proper appreciation of his relationship to God will develop in him an attitude of mind that will reject the evil influences he encounters and will encourage him to hold firmly to the high family standards that he knows are expressed in his own home.

The Christian parent realizes his cbligation to his child. He is interested in what the child learns, and he encourages his progress. All these things are to the child’s advantage. Then, too, children who recognize the responsibility that they themselves have in serving Jehovah and in using the things they learn in his service will stay clear of the vandalism and destructiveness of today’s corrupt world, for they know that they must be proper representatives of their heavenly Father, Also, they will try to excel in their schoolwork, knowing that the more they learn now in school the more knowledge and information they will have to use in Jehovah’s service, becoming more capable representatives of his, and being prepared for far greater service when their public schooling is completed.

Thus, white delinquency grows and its’ causes are many, the wise Christian parent can have a confidence in his children that other parents do not have. Proper training in the home is like an armor shield that defends the child’s mind against weapons that would destroy it. But proper training rests upon the right example that must be set by you as a parent, yes, and upon the proper, though loving, authority that you must exercise. Are you meeting this responsibility toward your child?

ON April 10 the principal feast of the ecclesiastical year will be celebrated, from Christendom’s churches will come great crowds welcoming the Easter holiday. In Rome church bells will peal out. In Berlin, the East-West cold war will come to a temporary halt. Gaiety will abound. And there will be a generous portion of Easter eggs and Bach’s music. All Scandinavia will burst forth with brilliant colors representing joy and laughter. In sunny Spain and Portugal light-hearted, happy, laughing people will stream out of churches to watch null fights or football exhibitions opening on Easter Sunday.

In America sunrise services and Easter twnnets mark the arrival of Easter. From New York’s largest Iheater to Hollywood’s open-air bowl there will be hymns at dawn and hats at noon. Outside St. Patrick’s Cathedral on New York’s famed Fifth Avenue the Easter parade will begin. This whirling carnival will be reminiscent of the pagan Saturnalia. Nevertheless, Christendom hails this hodgepodge as in honor of Christ, the day of his being raised from the dead.

Observing the strange antics of the Easter holiday, its peculiar customs and practices, we inquire: Is Easter really kept in honor of the resurrection of Christ? Does the celebration honor God? Are we commanded by God to keep the Easter holiday ?

Often in our haste to celebrate, the meaning of the holidays, the origins and histories of their symbols and decorations are overlooked. After a thorough search through the Bible, Bible encyclopedias and dictionaries, we find that neither the apostles nor disciples of Christ ever celebrated Easter. Easter, in fact, has a very unsavory taste. Both Webster’s A^Teto International Dictionary, first edition, and the Catholic Encyclopedia point cut that Easter was the name of “a goddess of light or spring, in honor of whom 9 festival was celebrated in April.” Deeper into pagan mythology the name Easter is traced, back through the pagan religion of the Babylonians and Chaldeans, where the same goddess of spring and rebirth was called Astarte or Ishtar. The historian Alexander Hislop ir. his The Two Babylons declared: “[EasterJ is not a Christian name. It bears its Chaldean origin on its very forehead. Easter is nothing else than Astarte,” a pagan goddess.

How, then, did this pagan practice of worshiping a sun goddess become a part of Christian worship? Sir James G. Frazer in his The Golden Bough, page 345, answers for us: “When we reflect how often the [Catholic] Church has skillfully contrived to plant the seeds of the new faith on the old stock of paganism, we may surmise that the Easter celebration of the dead and risen Christ was grafted upon a similar celebration of the dead and risen Adonis, which, as we have seen reason to believe, was celebrated in Syria at the same season.” When Constantine fused paganism with apostate Christianity (325 A.D.) he ordered that “everywhere the Great Feast of Easter” was to be observed on the first Sunday after the first full moon following March 21. Thus professed Christians came to march in the Easter parade. But the acceptance of this celebration was not without controversy or violence. As Hislop says, it was only after violence and bloodshed “that the Festival of the Anglo-

Saxon or Chaldean goddess came to supersede that which had been held in honour of Christ Such is the history of Easter/¹

The date of Christ's resurrection is governed by the Jewish calendar and is movable. It can be as early as March 22 and as late as April 25. Therefore, the day of Christ’s resurrection would fluctuate and would not fall on the same day of the week —Sunday. For example: Sunday, April 2, 1950; Saturday, March 24,1951; and Tuesday, March 31,1953, respectively were anniversary dates of Christ’s death. Counting the third day from each would bring the exact day of his resurrection, which would be in their respective order: Tuesday, Monday and Thursday. Easter paraders ovei> look this fact in favor of the pagan choice, Sunday.

The innocent-appearing appendages attached to the Easter holiday are further proof of its rank paganism. The origin and ancient meaning of Easter eggs and rabbits, gaudy costumes and "hot cross buns” are the surest proofs that the entire celebration is of demonic origin. All the ancient demon worshipers, the Romans, Greeks, Egyptians, Babylonians, Persians, Hindus, Chinese and Japanese—none of which worshiped Jesus or his resurrection —attached deep mystical significance to the Easter egg and the rabbit. The Catholic Encyclopedia^ under the subheading "Easter Eggs,” states: "The custom may have its origin in paganism, for a great many pagan customs, celebrating the return of spring, gravitated to Easter.” Regarding the rabbit, this authority says: "The rabbit is a pagan symbol and has always been an emblem of fertility (Simrock, Mythologies 551).”

According to Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes Journal^ April, 1952, the Anglo-Saxons ate sacramental cakes in honor of their goddess, Eostre. Christendom’s clergy tried to expel this rite by placing a cross on each cake. Today, hot cross buns are sold just prior to Easter. Even in Jeremiah’s day, 600 years before Christ, it was written: "The children gather wood, and the fathers kindle the fire, and the women knead their dough, to make cakes to the queen of heaven.” (Jeremiah 7:18) The above Journal rightly states: "The Easter holiday is actually an outgrowth of the pagan festivals of Spring which celebrated the return of life to the earth.”

The idea of rising to see the sun rise also has its roots deeply imbedded in paganism. Ancient superstitious farmers believed that those who "witnessed sunup on a certain day in spring would be blessed with good fortune, good health, fair crops and i general freedom from aches and bunions for the whole coming year. Farm animals were cut in on this, too, and cows, pigs and hens were all bounced out of bed early and hurried out to see the sun, thus insuring lots of cream, fat bacon and grade-A eggs for the next year. The present version of this rural fete is, of course, the holding of countless early services on Easter morning.... The wearing of Easter bonnets and new clothes was begun in the early celebrations honoring Eastre or Os-tara, the Teutonic and Saxon goddess of spring. . . . The glad rags were worn then as a token that everyone was sharing in a brand-new life-year.”—Holiday., April, 1950.

While Christians do not observe pagan Easter, they do keep a solemn feast. This feast is the supper memorializing Christ’s death, which falls this year on Thursday, April 7, after 6 p,m., Standard Time. As to the manner in which this feast is kept, we refer you to the February 15, 1952, issue of The Watchtower. This feast is kept at a precise time in a prescribed way to the glory of God.

Great Britain and Eire

A MERE glance at a map of Europe impresses one with the smallness of the British Isles. With about fifty million people living in this small area there is tremendous scope for Christian activity,

Britain’s heritage as a free nation has its roots in Roman daw, Grecian culture and philosophy, and, above all, in the Bible as the Word of God, Whatever is good in the British way of life is attributable in large measure to the influence that the Bi* ble has had on the course of this nation. But, alas, the people of Britain today have little regard for the Bible. True it is that most English homes possess a Bible, but at no time since the Reformation has there been such lack of knowledge on Bible topics. Bible societies have been established, which have been instrumental in the distribution of the Bible to all parts of the earth. Whatever the motive, this circulation has served a good purpose, providing great throngs with the Book that tells of the end of this old world.

It is with this purpose that Jehovah’s witnesses in Britain today are occupied. They know that a mighty witness must be given to all nations concerning the Kingdom's establishment'and the basis for this witness is found in the Bible. There are thousands receiving instruction through the study of the Bible and these, in turn, are joining the throng of Jehovah’s witnesses. In the British Isles in 1940 there were less than 8,000, but today there are nearly 30,000 regularly engaged in calling on the people at their homes and helping them understand their Bibles.

This good work is not done without opposition. The greatest opposition comes from the clergy. This, of course, is not true of all clergymen, but many are embittered by the intense activity of Jehovah’s witnesses. As a recent press report said: “Those religious enthusiasts known as Jehovah’s witnesses descended on a Manchester suburb yesterday in an all-out door-to-door campaign. These soldiers were armed solely with their Bibles (or soldier-ettes, for they were all women).” “There’s this about it,” commented a churchman on whom they called, ^they certainly knew their Bibles, and went from reference to reference as easily as consulting a dictionary. If the people in our churches were as conversant with the Book as these folk are they would be in a better position to debate the question of the last days.”

Jehovah’s witnesses in Britain are giving closer attention to their presentation of the Kingdom message at the doors and are using the Bible extensively in their door-to-door activity. Therefore, it is gratifying to hear others say about them that 'they know their Bibles.’ The impact of this activity is being felt, for, while it is true that there is a tremendous decrease in church attendance, the congregations of Jehovah’s witnesses are ever on the increase. Of these there are 718 in Britain.

Close to Britain as far as location is concerned is Eire. Whereas Britain is Protestant in faith, Eire is Roman Catholic. Nevertheless, the Kingdom work in Eire has progressed greatly during the past year. With a 32 per cent increase in Kingdom preachers over the previous year we now

see expansion in this predominantly Catholic land.

Once in a while Jehovah’s witnesses meet with mob action from some over-zealous Catholics, but the work goes on and results are now seen. The Catholic Douay Version of the Bible is used in aiding honest Catholics to understand God’s purposes and in addition the Watch Tower Society has provided the splendid booklet entitled “God’s Way Is Love.”

Fear and superstition play an important part in the religious life of the Irish people. They are a lovable people and easy to get along with until roused by false accusations against the true servants of God who' visit them. It requires a great deal of tact to deal with the situation but the Kingdom publisher knows that many a true heart is led astray through false doctrines. And when the truth is seen in all its grandeur there is no power that can hold back these warmhearted men and women of Ireland. The joy of seeing them take their stand for the truth of God’s Word well repays the Kingdom publisher for the effort put forth.

The favorite cry of the false shepherds is the ridiculous statement, that Jehovah’s witnesses are Communists, and this succeeds for a time in holding back the earnest truth-seeker. But when the facts are given and proved from the Bible, this falsehood is recognized as just a blind to help continue the false shepherds’ hold over the people. Another weapon used to put the people against Jehovah’s witnesses is the fact that they do not believe that Mary is the queen of heaven. By experience in presenting the message under these conditions the publisher is able to show that Mary the mother of Jesus was indeed favored of God, but that it is entirely out of place to exalt her to a position far greater than what she occupies in Jehovah God’s purposes. However, it requires patience and very kind treatment before the seeds of truth take root and spring forth to fruitage.

* So in both Great Britain and Eire the Kingdom message is being preached and is finding lodgment in the hearts of those who are hungering for righteousness.

f • Why the most famous trial between evoa lution and the Bible proved a farce? P. 3, 114. \   • What disproves evolution's claim about

“missing links"? P. 4, ^6.

• ' * What is illogical about the scientists’ liner up of man’s ‘‘ancestors’’? P, 5, fl.

\   • What shows scientists' guesses of earth’s

,   age have been most uneducated? p. 5, fl3.

• Why the Bible is a book of optimism, while ^r. evolutionists are pessimists? P. 8, f[4.

f • Why a European army is believed neces-j sary? P. 9, fl5.                             -

*   • Why France refused to approve the E.D.C.

j treaty for a European army? P, io, f3.

• • • What outstanding advantages a solar house

f would have? P. 13, fl.

j * Where solar houses already have been ' built? P. 14, 1J2,

• • How sun power could run automobiles? P. 15, 1J5.

• • What special provision there is for your spiritual enrichment this summer? P, 16, f3. • What the two largest events ever held in Yankee Stadium were? P. 18, f4.

• • Why a TV performer in Miami became one of Jehovah’s witnesses? P. 19, f7.

• • Why woman's clothes are so expensive? P. 20, 1J5.

• • Why a child needs to learn respect for authority? P. 21, f[2.

• • How the parent can help his child overcome evil influences! P. 24, fl2.

• • What pagan source provided the name for Easter? P. 25, fi4.

• • What pagan customs are still followed at Eastertime? P. 26, ]J2.

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Moscow’s “Peace Offensive”

<$> Moscow has proved adept at turning "peace offensives*' on and off. In February Soviet leaders launched a new peace proposal. It involved three things: (1) A freezing of the armed strength of all nations at levels of January 1, 1955; (2) the destruction of all nuclear weapons, and (3) an international disarmament conference under U.N. auspices. The only new feature of the proposal was the freezing date, which appeared to observers as part of Russia’s strategy to block the arming of West Germany. Moscow's "peace offensive” was hailed with little or no exultance: Washington was skeptical and London unimpressed.

Russia: “Steadfast Security**

Just four days after Moscow launched a "peace offensive” Marshal Georgi K. Zhukov, Soviet defense minister, threw the switch back to the tough line. In an order of the day issued on the thirty-seventh anniversary of the Soviet army and navy, he declared that "th£ aggressive forces of the imperialist countries headed by United States monopolists” were "openly preparing a new war against the Soviet Union.” Under these circumstances, Marshal Zhukov said, the Soviet government is “taking all necessary measures to insure the steadfast security of our motherland.*’

Britain and the H-Bomb

<$> Two-power monopoly of H-bomb production appears soon to end. Britain has announced in a White Paper on Defense that it considers it a duty to proceed with the "development and production’* of H-bombs as the main deterrent to war. Defense Minister Harold Macmillan pointed out (2/17) that Britain had figured out the H-bomb without American or outside help. He added: "I hope it will be ready when they [the enemy] require it.”

H-Bombs: “Poor Consolation”

Britain’s decision to make H-bombs produced a flood of talk on the effects of thermonuclear weapons. When Britain’s eminent physicist, Nobel Prize winner Cecil F. Powell, started talking (2/26), people listened. He stated that, according to "plausible estimates/’ the U.S. has 4,000 A-bombs while the Soviet Union has 1,000; these would be used as detonators for H-bombs in event of war. The physicist said that both countries now had_T or soon would have, enough H-bombs to destroy the main centers of population of the other. As to the effects of H-bombs, Dr. Powell said that 10 or 20 well-directed bombs could make "ordinary organized life impossible” In Britain. Beyond the immediate explosion area the mounting level of radioactivity would result in "the debilitation of the population from radiation, lack of food and shelter, the multiplication of diseases and many other consequences which we cannot at present foresee.” Then in an indirect comment on Britain’s decision to make H-bombs, Dr. Powell declared: "It would be a poor consolation to the pathetic remnant of our country that we had been able to reduce other lands to a similar condition of mln.” —New York Times, February 27, 1955.

H-Bomb Not the Ultimate

<$> Dr, Edward Teller is a scientist who figured prominently in the development of the H-bomb. He is credited with sparking the idea that opened the way to the H-bomb, In an article in Science_t an official scientific journal, Dr. Teller says that the next major steps beyond multi-megaton H-bombs are not likely to be "just bigger bombs again.” "The world Is full of surprises,” said Dr, Teller, "and great developments rarely go along straight lines.” Though he did not identify any of the “surprises,” a few years ago he talked of the possibility of an enemy’s releasing radioactive clouds at a distance off the Pacific Coast that would "make life hard or even impossible for us without delivering a single bomb into our territory.” This time Dr. Teller left the future vague, saying: "The very size of our progress has opened up other dangers. We may be led to think that this accomplishment is something ultimate. I do not believe that this is so. Where the next steps will lead I do not know. It is not likely that it will be just bigger bombs again.”—New York Times, February 25,1955.

Fmmco:     for * G»vwntnwt

With the downfall of the Mendfes-France government, France was hurled into a cabinet crisis, the twentieth since World War II. During the first week of the crisis, former Premier Antonine Pinay, representing the Independent party, tried to form a government. He failed. Pierre Pfiimlin, a member of the Popular Republican party, next tried to form a government. He tailed. Christian Plneau, a Socialist, became the third political leader to try to form a Cabinet. He failed. French President Rene Coty then nominated Edgar Faure, a former premier and a Radical Socialist, to tty to form a government. He succeeded, the National Assembly voting 369 to 210 to confirm Faure (pronounced like the English "for”) as premier. Thus ended a nlnet.een-day quest for a government.

Hope for the Comet

A final report, on the crashes of two British Carnet I Jet air liners has confirmed the cause of the crashes as "metal fatigue.” Qui ckly fol lowing this, Britain, in February, decided to stake its Jet air liner hopes on the Comet. De Havilland announced that It will go ahead with construction of Comets II and III. To correct the faulty design of the original Comets, the new jets will have thicker skins and oval Instead ot rectangular windows, Since so much cf Britain’s air prestige depends on the success of the Carnets, the government is doing all it can. The government-owned British Overseas Airways announced that it would honor its order¹ for 12 Comet Il’s rind 5 Comet Ill's; and the Royal Air Force ■offered to help by taking the remaining 5 Carnet Fs oil BOAC’s hands ta use them far research. Hope for the Comet looked bright from another standpoint: thus far none of the foreign air lines that have

26 Comet H's and Bl's on order have canceled out.

Britain: To Check InSation

-$> Since Britain pays for its Imports with earnings from its exports, she has to be careful that home consumption does not hurt the export market. Normally, there is a trade deficit; yet as long as it is not over £40 to £50 million a month, there is no difficulty, since the gap is closed ty “invisible¹' exports, such as insurance and investments. During the last quarter of 1954 exports dropped to £2211,000,000 whereas imports rose to £289,000,000, leaving a deficit of £61,000,000. In January (he deficit soared to £73,000,000, Swiftly the government moved to apply the classic inflation check. The Bank of England raised the "bank rate" from 3 to 3i per cent. (The “bank rate” is the interest rate at which the Bank of England lends money for short periods to dealers ir. the London market.) The January rise, however, had little effect. Symptoms of inflation kept on spreading. Sc in February Chancellor of the Exchequer R. A. Butler announced controls on installment buying —15 per cent down payment and full payment within 24 months -and ancther jump in the bank rate, bringing it to the highest level in more than twenty years: 41 per cent. The effect was Immediate. The Ion-don Stock Market declined, and on the foreign money exchanges the pound rose.

China’s New Currency

Most governments express their national budget in terms of “minions” or “MJ lions/' But In Communist China the government has had to express its budget in terms of "trillions.” This is because its currency unit, the yuan, fs of such low value. (Though the official rate is 24,600 yuan to the dollar, actually this rate is said to have little relation to its true value.) Thus the infinitesimal value of the yuan has created physical difficulties in payment. In February Peiping radio announced that Red China would issue new currency: one yuan would be given for 10,000 old yuan. Tne switch in currency appears to be more psychological than an attempt to wipe out purchasing power. Observ-era believe that the government wanted to strike the "big money psychology” created by use of hundreds of thousands cf yuan, even for the smallest purchase and which had a demoralizing effect on the people by causing them to think that yuan units were virtually worthless.

Final Word on Costa Rican War

The Organization of American States helped bring the Costa Rican war to a speedy end. Ir. February its investigating commission released its official word on the fighting: it said that the rebels had “entered Costa Rica by way of the Costa Rican-Nicaraguan border,” and had been aided by "foreign intervention in the preparation, financing and furnishing of arms and ammunition.” To reduce the danger of further armed conflicts the report recommended making more effective its "system for controlling the traffic In arms.”

A Diamond Dream Come Tree 4" In 1956 Professor N. V. Sidgwlck of Oxford University wrote a work called Chemical Elements and Their Compounds in which he said: "The artificial production of diamonds has never been a success." The successful making of diamonds, long a dream of scjentisfs, appeal’s ar last to have come true. In February the General Electric Research Laboratory announced that ft had produced an exact duplicate of a diamond. How? Since diamonds are virtually nothing but pure carbon—the main ingredient of fioal - G.E. chemists subjected carbon to pressure? of 1,500,000 pounds a, sauare

inch and temperatures abdve 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit inside a 1,000-ton press. This tremendous heat and pressure^ equivalent to those existing at a depth of 240 miles below the surface of the earth, changed the alignment of carbon atoms so that they took up the crystalline structure that makes a diamond. Result: a handful of diamonds, all man-made. The largest one was one-sixteenth of an inch and one-tenth of a carat. A day after the G.E. announcement (2/16) the Prism-Lite Diamond Company said that three years ago it had produced a synthetic diamond usable for industrial purposes. However, G.E. research appears to have resulted in a method in which diamonds can be made in a predictable and routine way. For the present, though, the G.E. process is still too costly to compete with natural diamonds as either gems or industrial tools.

U.S.: Certified Mall

Up until mld'March, persons who wished to be certain that their letters would be delivered had to pay a minimum of 30 cents to register the mail. A new service to supplement registered mail was announced in February by Postmaster Arthur E. Summerfield. The new service, costing 15 cents for the stamp, must be signed for by the recipient. Certified mall, said Summerfield, will give the sender proof of delivery "without having to pay for the expense of guarding registered mail at every handling point as at present.” Certified mail has no provision for indemnity should a letter go astray. If a sender wants a return receipt, he will have to pay 7 cents additional for it.

Storms and Women

<$> In Storm, a 1941 novel by George R. Stewart, a young meteorologist named low-pressure areas on his map after girls. The U.S. Weather Bureau has since dubbed hurricanes by feminine names. Last year the memorable storms were Carol, Edna and Hazel. To avoid repetition this year the weather bureau has compiled a new list of 1955's potential hurricanes: Alice, Brenda, Connie, Diane, Edith, Flora, Gladys, Hilda, Ione, Janet, Katie, Linda, Martha, Nelly, Orva, Peggy, Queena, Rosa, Stella, Trudy, Ursa, Verna, Wilma, Xenia, Yvonne and Zelda. Some women whose names were used In the past have sent in bristling protests, but the weather bureau replies that no other system has the same advantages of brevity, ease of pronunciation and recognition. Also It expects that there are just as many women, if not more, who feel flattered by having their names On storms as there are those who protest.

WHAT HAS

TIME AND AGAIN this vital question has been asked. That it is a reasonable question cannot be denied. That which is worthwhile must produce some results by which its value can be determined. What about mankind's various religions? Which is the true and practical religion? Read the book named above and find the soulsatisfying answer. Postpaid for 50c.

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